iosr-JMCE   Volume-6 ~ Issue-6

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Composite Joint Using Fem in Ansys
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S. Venkateswarlu, K. Rajasekhar
	:	10.9790/1684-0660106

Abstract: Composite materials are widely used in the various Fields. Due to the high strength they are widely used in the low weight constructions and also used as a suitable alternative to metals. In various applications and also for joining various composite parts together, they are fastened together using adhesives or Mechanical fasteners. Modeling and static analysis of 3-D Models of joints such as bonded, riveted and hybrid. The results were found in terms of vonmises stress, shear stress, and normal stress for stress distribution. ANSYS FEA tool has been used for stress distribution characteristics of various configurations of double riveted single lap joint with three joining methods namely bonded, riveted and hybrid the present study deals with the analysis of single lap joint subjected to the given tensile load and the stress distribution in the members under various design conditions are found.

Keywords: composite materials, FEA–Ansys, joint strength, bonded, riveted, hybrid.

[1]. Noah M. Salih1, Mahesh J. Patil 2, Hybrid (Bonded/Bolted) Composite Single-Lap Joints And Its Load Transfer Analysis, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945 IJAET/Vol.III/ Issue I/January-March, 2012/213-216. [2]. Ch. Aswini Kumar1, G. Pattabhi2, S.Santosh3, I. Bhanu Latha4, Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Double Lap Joint in Laminated FRP Composites Subjected To Longitudinal Loading, international journal of engineering science & advanced technology volume-2, issue-2, 307 – 316 ijesat | Mar-Apr 2012.

[3]. Vincentcaccesse, Richard newer, until s. vel detection of bolt load loss in hybrid composite.metalboltedconnectionselseiver engineering structures 26(2004) 895-906.

[4]. W. Hufenbach a, L.A. Dobrzański b, M. Gude a, J. Konieczny b, A. Czulak a, Optimisation of the rivet joints of the CFRP Composite material and aluminum alloy, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, volume 20 issues 1-2 January-February 2007.

[5]. M.A. McCarthy*, C.T. McCarthy, Finite Element Analysis Of The Effects Of clearance On Single-Shear, Composite Bolted Joints, Journal of Plastics, Rubber and Composites, The Institute of Materials, London, UK, Vol. 32, No. 2, in-press.

[6]. Proceedings of the "National Conference on Emerging Trends In Mechanical Engineering 2k13" 122 NCETIME – 2k13 Design Of Hybrid Composite Joints For Research Area S. Lokesha and H. Mohita a Student, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai-28.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effectiveness of Watershed Management- Means Of Economical Development- A Case Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Vishal P. Kumbhar, Mrs. Vidula A. Swami, Mrs. Sushma S. Kulkarni
	:	10.9790/1684-0660714

Abstract: Water is the life-blood of the environment, without water no living beings can survive. Water plays unique role in development of all sectors in any economy of every country. Water is used for agricultural, domestic, industrial, power generation and other various purposes. But misuses of water resources cause widespread degradation of soil and disrupt the supply of potable water, generate massive economical loss. Hence it becomes necessary to harness the water resources available on Earth through the application of science and technology. This paper presents one such case study where large amount of rainwater is possible to direct to recharge ground water resources. Kaneri is a small village located at distance of 10 Kms. from Kolhapur city. It is planned to take such engineering and biological measures which will direct this extra runoff to ground water storage. The most significant feature of the work is that if such technologies are developed and adopted at larger scale in rural areas, it will prevent thousands of villages of the country from water supply by tankers. Moreover this will also help us for economical development of village people which mainly occurs due to water scarcity.

Keywords :Watershed, Watershed management technique, Socio- economic survey, Water budgeting, Inter-cropping pattern, Farm pond, Gully plugs, Contour trench, Groundwater storage, Economical development.

[1] B. A. Shiferaw, R. V. Reddy, S. P. Wani and G. D. Nageswara Rao, 'Watershed management and farmer conservation investments in the semi-arid tropics of India: Analysis of determinants of resource use decisions and land productivity benefits', Working Paper Series no. 16, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 2003, 1-24.
[2] B. Mishra, 'A successful case of participatory watershed management at Ralegansiddhi village in district Ahmadnagar, Maharastra, India', Case studies of people's participation in watershed management in Asia (GCP/RAS/161/NET), FAO Corporate Document Repository, 1996.
[3] B. Sada Siva, 'Experience and case study on impact evaluation of watershed development: farm pond – a means for poverty reduction', Seminar on watershed development, DHAN foundation, 2006.
[4] B. Shivarudrappa, 'Farm pond for sustainable livelihood - a case study of Pampanur', Seminar on rural development, CRIDA, Hyderabad, April 2009.
[5] K. H. Anantha, S. P. Wani and T. K. Sreedevi, 'Baseline socio-economic characterization of watersheds', Workshop on best-bet option for integrated watershed management, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India, July 2007.
[6] Mrs. V. A. Swami, Dr. Mrs. S. S. Kulkarni, 'Watershed management – a means of sustainable development - a case study, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology', Volume 3, March 2011, 2105-2112.
[7] Mrs. V. A. Swami, Dr. Mrs. S. S. Kulkarni, 'Model watershed management plan for Shivapur village', International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Volume 2, December 2011, 1-5.
[8] Rajeshwari Desai, 'An economic analysis of rain water harvesting, structures – a case study of farm-ponds', Thesis Report, Department Of Agricultural Economics, College Of Agriculture, Dharwad, University Of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, August 2005, 1-98.
[9] Shgaji Phand and H. P. S. Arya, 'Adarsh Gaon Yojana- way towards Gandhi's dream village: self-sufficient, prosperous and peaceful', Journal of rural development', NIRD, Hyderabad, Volume 26, No. (2), 2006, 207-225.
[10] S. P. Wani and Kaushal K. Garg, 'Watershed Management Concept and Principles', Workshop on best-bet option for integrated watershed management, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2010, 1-10.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design of Ball Screw Mechanism for Retro Fit of External Grinding Machine
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Tarun Kumar, PraveenKumar, Nilesh Kumar Singh, Dr. G. Arun Kumar, Mr.P.N.Gridharan
	:	10.9790/1684-0661523

Abstract: To convert the existing grinding machine into a good working machine, a ball screw mechanism is designed and incorporated in the existing grinding machine by retrofitting process. Grinding machine removes material from the work piece by abrasion, which can generate substantial amount of heat. Therefore a coolant System is incorporated to cool the work piece, so that it does not overheat and go out of its tolerance. Grinding practice is a large and diverse area of manufacturing and tool making. It can also rough out large volume of metal quite rapidly. It is usually better suited to the machining of hard materials. Cylindrical grinding is also called center type grinding. It is used in the removing the cylindrical surface and shoulders of the work piece. The five type of cylindrical grinding are outside diameter (OD) grinding. Inside diameter (ID) grinding, plunge grinding, creep feed grinding and center less grinding.It is used in the industries for grinding the nozzle body. The grinding machine can be changed to automatic machine according to one of the latest technologies called PLC's controller. The manually operated grinding machine has some of the in-accuracies and disadvantages compared to new modern CNC grinding machines.Based on the case study of both manual and CNC grinding machine, the manual machine is converted into automatic machine for the better accuracy and efficiency. The main replacement of the machine parts are hydraulic cylinder and stepper motor by ball screw mechanisms and servo motor.

Key words: - Retrofitting, Cylindrical Grinding, Servo Drives, Ball Screw

[1]. R.S Khurmi, J.K Gupta"A Textbook of Machine Design" 2005, Eurasia Publishing House (Pvt.) Ltd.Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055.
[2]. R.K Bansal, "A Textbook Of Strength Of Materials" LaxmiPublications(P) Ltd, Golden House, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002, India.
[3]. PSG Collage Of Technology "PSG Design Data book" KalaikathirAchchagam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641037. India.
[4]. THK "Ball Screw Cat Log" THK GLOBAL, 2010.
[5]. "Micromatic Grinding Machine Manual" Micromatic Grinding Technology Ltd, Ghaziabad, New Delhi- India.
[6]. Konstantios, S., George, T., Stavros, D. (2007) Environmental impact assessment of grind-hardeningprocess. The International Journal of AdvancedManufacturing Technology, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 338-345.
[7]. Chryssolouris, G., Tsirbas, K., Salonitis, K. (2005).An analytical, numerical and experimental approachto grind hardening. Journal of ManufacturingProcess, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-9, DOI: 10.1016/S1526- 6125(05)70076-1.
[8]. Zarudi, I., Zhang, L.C. (2002). A revisit to somewheel-work piece interaction problems in surfacegrinding. International Journal of Machine Tools &Manufacture, vol. 42, no. 8, p. 905-913, DOI:10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00024-X.
[9]. Zhang, L.C. (2007). Grind-hardening of steel surfaces:afoce review. International Journal of AbrasiveTechnology, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 33-36, DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2007.013847.
[10]. Byrne, G., Dornfeld, D., Inasaki, I., Ketteler, G., Konig,W., Teti, R., 1995. Tool conditionmonitoring (TCM) – the status of research and industrial application. CIRP Annals– Manufacturing Technology 44 (2), 541–567.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry of Aluminium alloy in GTAW
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Lakshman Singh, Davinder Singh, Pragat Singh
	:	10.9790/1684-0662430

Abstract: Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which are suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gas as helium and argon are used as a shielding gas to prevent the weld bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameter affect the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameter which mainly affect the weld quality are welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, gun angle, stand of distance and specimen thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry. Depth of penetration and weld bead width both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases, depth of penetration increases but weld bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Post weld heat treatment is done to improve the weld quality by solutioning and aging which results in refinement of grain size and thus, mechanical properties of weld joint improved. Heat input effects the filler rod deposition rate in the form of droplets in weld bead. This paper covers review of process parameters of GTAW and their effect on weld quality.
Keywords: Depth of penetration, GTAW, Heat affected zone, mechanical properties, Parametric effect, Weld bead geometry.

[1]. Nadkarni, S., " Modern arc welding technology" , IBH Publication, New Delhi, India, 1988.
[2]. Cary, Howard, B. and Helzer, Scott C. [2005], " Modern welding technology", Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson
Education, 2005, pp- 246–49.
[3]. Weman and Klas, "Welding processes handbook", New York, NY: CRC Press LLC, 2003, pp-31.
[4]. Weman and Klas, "Welding processes handbook", New York, NY: CRC Press LLC, 2003, pp- 60-62.
[5]. Helmboldt, O., "Aluminum compounds, inorganic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH., 2007.
[6]. Hwang, J.Y., Huang, X., and Xu, Z., "Recovery of metals from aluminium dross and salt-cake", Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 5, No.1, 2006, pp- 47-62.
[7]. Balaji, C., Abinesh, K. and Sathish, R., "Evaluation of mechanical properties of stainless steel weldments using tungsten inert gas welding", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 4, No.-5, pp-2053-2057.
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[9]. Gadewar, S., Swaminadhan, P. and Harkare, M., "Experimental investigations of weld characteristics for a Single pass TIG welding with Stainless steel", Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. - 2, No.- 8, 2010, pp-3676-3686.
[10]. Mee, V., Meelker, H. and Schelde, R., "How to control hydrogen level in (super) duplex stainless steel weldments using the GTAW or GMAW process" , Welding Research Supplement, vol-78 , No-1, 1999, pp-7.s-14.s.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effective Waste Management and Environmental Control
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Engr. Sangotola T. M, Ladipo O. A, Adeyeye A. H.
	:	10.9790/1684-0663134

Abstract: There is wide spread interest in the world today in the methods that enable the re-use of waste. According to Webster's Mew Practical Dictionary, 'Waste' means "Thrown away as worthless after being used. i.e. of no further use to a person, animal or plant; contrary to this opinion, it has been discovered that what is regarded as waste or worthless, when worked upon can be manipulated to generated or produce materials that are beneficial for the use of man. This paper throw light into how waste resources can be control by analysis the theories of waste management, recycling, re-use disposal and compositing from organic wastes and ways by which farm and municipal waste can be worked upon to produce materials that are beneficial for the use of man.

Keywords: Effective Waste Management, Environmental Control, Re-use of Waste Disposal, Waste, Recycling of waste.

[1]. Akingbile L.A. (2000) Environmental Extension as Effective Tools for Sustainable Natural Resources "JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXTENSION vol.1-No 1 Pg. 69-74.
[2]. Bola Olowe, (2006) Sustainability Community Base. Solid Waste Management Projects paper delivered at the national conference of the environmental division. The Nigeria Society of Engineers, Ibadan Branch Pg. 4-6.
[3]. Chongrak-Polpra set (1996) Organic Waste. Recycling Technology and Management Second Editing Pg 69-108, 115-162.
[4]. Conared PSTRUAUB. (2005) Practical Handbook of Environmental Control Pg. 375-453.
[5]. Fanida A. (1997), Introduction to Effective Solid Waste Management Engineering Control. Bibis Press, Ibadan. Pg. 25-30.
[6]. Madumere A.J. (2000) Environmental Programme as in dispensable tools for enriching public environmental education in Nigeria. STAN 418f Annual conference proceeding. Pg. 188-190.
[7]. Sangotola T.M. (1997) Solid Waste Management Paper Slated for Publication of Faculty of Engineering Journal (2007). Pg. 3-10 Vol. 4
[8]. Scridhar M.K.C. (2003) Nature of Solid Wastes and their Management. A paper presented at a one day seminar organized by MANNAFEFF, Ibadan. Pg. 2-3.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Roles, Contributions and Dangers of Technologicaldevelopment in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Engr. Sangotola T.M, Olatinwo I.O, Ladipo O.A, Babarinde O.O.
	:	10.9790/1684-0663539

Abstract: This paper is to examine and proffer the solution that could be adopted to avert most of the persistent dangers of our technological development in Nigeria. It includes sustenance manpower development, government policy, lack of functional equipment, inadequate funding and poor societal attitude as some of the dangers; this paper will attempt to make analysis of respective issues, such as integrating of indigenous technology in our school programmes, upgrade of technology education, motivation towards professional training curriculum planner, evolution method and award for technological innovation.

Keywords: Manpower, Dangers of Technological Development, Government Policy, Contribution.

[1]. Drucker B. (2007), Technological Development for Human Sustenance. Pg. 4-5.
[2]. Emmanuel O. E. (2007), The Role of Technology in National development. Pg. 14-16.
[3]. Ezeji K.O. (1990), Mechanism for Enhancing Technological Education in Africa. Pg. 4-6.
[4]. Homby A.S. (2000), Oxford Advance Learner Dictionary of Current English: London.
[5]. Johnson P. (1987), The Shinto Civilization: London.
[6]. Otunbanso V. (2005), Education for Underdevelopment. Pg. 5-7.
[7]. The Nigerian Engineer, (2003), Vol. 35 No. 4 December.
[8]. Ulinfun B. (1992), Problems of Technological Education. Pg. 8-10.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Drilling of Sandwich Composites: A Review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Patil A.A., Shende M.D.
	:	10.9790/1684-0664052

Abstract: A composite material is made out of a mixture or a combination of two or more distinctly differing materials which are insoluble in each other and differ in form or chemical composition. The technological and commercial interest in composite material lies in their superior properties of strength-to-weight, stiffness-to-weight, fatigue and thermal expansion compared to metals. Extensive use of composite in application such as rockets, satellites, missiles, light combat aircraft, advanced light helicopter and trainer air craft has shown that India is on par with the advanced countries in the development and use of composites in this area. Drilling is probably the most important conventional mechanical process and it is the most widely used machining operation. Prediction of cutting forces for any set of cutting parameters is essential in optimal design and manufacturing of products. It has been predicted that most of the problem associated with hole making operation, such as drilling, can be attributed to the force generated during cutting operation. Many developments and experiments are going on drilling of Sandwich composite for damage free drilling along with the quality of the hole and the effect of tool geometry and tool material. This paper aims at the comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation work done on the composites material. The conclusion of the paper discusses the development and outlines the trends for the research in this field. Keywords: Drilling, Delamination, Delamination factor, thrust force, Design of Experiment, Taguchi Analysis, ANOVA

[1] C. C. Tsao, "Taguchi analysis of drilling quality associated with core drill in drilling of composite Material"; International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 32, 2007, pp 877-884.

[2] C. C. Tsao, H. Hocheng, "Taguchi analysis of delamination associated with various drill bits in drilling of composite material"; International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 44, 2004, pp 1085-1090.

[3] C.C. Tsao, "Investigation into the effect of drilling parameters on delamination by various step-core drills"; Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 206, 2008, pp 405-411.

[4] K. T. Voisey, S. Fouquet, D. Roy and T. W. Clyne, "Fiber swelling during laser drilling of cabon fiber composites"; Journal of Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 44, 2006, pp 1185-1197.

[5] C. C. Tsao, "Prediction of thrust force of step drill in drilling composite material by taguchi method and radial basis function network"; International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology, vol. 36, 2008, pp 11-18

[6] Yanming Quan and Luhua Sun, "Experiment investigation on drilling temperature ofcomposites"; Internationa Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, vol. 3, nos. 3/4, 2008, pp 356-363.

[7] S. Arul, L. Vijayaraghavan, S. K. Malhotra and R. Krishnamurthy, "Influence of tool material on dynamics of drilling of GFRP composite"; International Journal on Advance Manufacturing Technology, vol. 29, 2006, pp 655-662.

[8] Birhan Isik, Ergun Ekici, "Experimental investigations of damage analysis in drilling of woven glass fiber reinforced plastic composite"; International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 49, 2010, pp 861-869.

[9] J. Campos Rubio, A.M. Abrao, P.E. Faria, A. Esteves Correia and J. Paulo Davim, "Effect of high speed in drilling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic: Evaluation of the delamination factor"; International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 48, 2008, pp 715-720.

[10] Jose Mathew, N. Ramakrishnan and N. K. Naik, "Investigations into the effect of geometry of a trepanning tool on thrust and torque during drilling of GFRP composite"; Journal of Material Processing Technology, vol. 91, 1999, pp 1-11.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Entransy Loss and its Application to Atkinson Cycle Performance Evaluation
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Govind Maheshwari, Sumer Singh Patel
	:	10.9790/1684-0665359

Abstract: Based on the concept of the entransy which characterizes heat transfer ability, a new Atkinson cycle performance evaluation criterion termed the entransy loss is established. Our analysis shows that the maximum entransy loss leads to the maximum output work, which is the maximum principle of entransy loss in thermodynamic processes. At the same time, it is found that minimum entropy generation alone could not describe change of the output work for the Atkinson cycle. The operation parameters are optimized for evaluating the maximum output work of Atkinson cycle by incorporating maximum entransy loss and minimum entropy generation when both, entransy loss and entropy generation, are induced by dumping the used streams into the environment is considered. Keyword: Atkinson cycle; Environment; Entropy generation; Entransy loss; Maximum output work

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