iosr-JMCE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: Composite cylinders made of a polymer matrix such as epoxy reinforced with glass or carbon fibers possess extremely high strength. Proper modeling of FRP composite cylinder is very essential for many applications. FRP composite cylinders are commonly used in the aerospace, automotive, marine and construction industries. The present work is to study the variation of stressesat the top end, middle and bottom end portions of a composite cylinder by varying the diameter to thickness ratio(S) and fiber angle (θ).The four layered angle ply (θ0/-θ0/-θ0/θ0) composite cylinder is considered forthe present work and behavior of each portion (Top end, middle and Bottom end) is studied.For the present work composite cylinder is modeled in ANSYS and analysis was carried out using numerical software. It isfound thatthe increment of stress takes place linearly with respect to D/t ratio due to reduction in thickness of the layer.The critical fiber angle is 45⁰ to 60⁰ as it offers high resistance against axial and circumferential deformation in middle and end portions.

Keywords: Composite Cylinder, Lamina, Fiber Angle, FEM, ANSYS

[1] S. Adali, Verijenko and V. E. et al, "Optimization of multilayered composite pressure vessels using exact elasticity solution", Composites for the pressure vessels Industry, PVP-V302, ASME, 1995, pp.203-312.

[2] S. W. Tsai and A. K. Roy, "Design of thick composite cylinders", Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 1988.

[3] J. Michael Starbuck, "Stress analysis of laminated composite cylinders under non-axisymmetric loading", Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation, DE-ACO5-960R22464.

[4] O. Sayman, "Analysis of multi-layered composite cylinder under hygrothermal loading", Composites part a, 2005, pp.1-11

[5] ChristosC.Chamis, Pascalk.Gotsis andLevonMinnetyan, "ProgressiveFractureandDamageToleranceofCompositePressureVessels".

[6] M. T. Ahmadian and M. Bonakdar, "A new cylindrical element formulation and its application to structural analysis of laminated hollow cylinders", Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 44, 2008, pp. 617-630.

[7] V. Kranthi Kumar, K. Ravi Kumar, V. Bala Krishna Murthy, "Stress analysis of six layered FRP composite cylinder", International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Volume 6, Number 19, 2011, pp. 2243-2250.

[8] E.V. Morozov, M. Hoarau and K. E. Morozov, "Filament winding patterns and stress analysis of thin walled composite cylinders", North Carolina State University, 2003.

[9] Rani Fayez El-Haj jar "Experimental study and analytical modeling of trans layer fracture in pultruded FRP composites", Doctor of Philosophy in the school of civil and Environmental engineering, Georgia institute of Technology, May 2004.

[10] S. Bhavya, P. Ravi Kumar, Sd. Abdul Kalam, "Failure Analysis of a Composite Cylinder", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Volume Number 3, pp. 01-07

Abstract: Over a past few decades composites, plastics, ceramics have been the dominant engineering material. The areas of applications of composites materials have grown rapidly and have even found new markets. The current challenge is to make the durable in tough conditions to replace other materials and also to make them cost effective .This has resulted in development of many new techniques currently being used in the industry. While the use of composites it is clear choice in many applications but the selection of material will depend on the factor such as working life, lifetime requirement, complexity of product shape produced, saving the term cost. The availability of natural fiber is abundances and also they are very inexpensive when compared to other advanced manmade fibers. The primary advantage of natural fibers are low density, low cost, biodegradability, acceptable specific properties, less wear during extracting as well as manufacturing composites and wide varieties of natural fibers are locally available. The main focus of this investigation is to determine the thermal conductivity of bamboo fiber reinforced in epoxy resin composites. The test samples were prepared as per ASTM standards using simple hand-layup technique at different fiber weight fractions (10%, 20%30%, 40%50%, 60%). Thermal conductivity (K) of the composites material were determined experimentally and is validated by the results obtained by rule of mixture, E-S model and also by finite element modeling

Keyword: Bamboo fiber, Epoxy, Thermal conductivity, guarded heat flow.

[1] Syed Altaf Hussian, V. Pandurangadu, .Mechanical properties of green coconut fiber reinforced HDPE polymer composite.3(11),2011,9075-5462.
[2] Syed Altaf Hussian, V. Pandurangadu, Mechanical properties of short bamboo fiber reinforced polyester composites filled with alumina particulate,2(3),2012,2250-3498.
[3] M.Mounika, k.Ramaniah .Thermal conductivity characterization of bamboo fiber reinforced polyester composite.3 (6)2012, 1109-1116.
[4] Dr. Fadhel Abbas Abdullah, Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Natural Composite Materials as Thermal Insulation, 4 (2), 2011.
[5] Symington Mc, BanksWM, WestOpukuro Dravid, Pethrick, Journal of CompositeMaterials, 4(3)2009, 1083.
[6] Jonathan D.Mar, Efim Litovsky and Jacobs Kleiman, Journal of building physics ,32(2008)9.
[7] Yamashita yoshihiro, Yamada hiroaki, Thermal conductivity of plain weave fabric and its composite material made from high strength fibers.
[8] Sreenivasan VS, Soman Sundram S, Naryanaswamy R, Material and Design, 32(2011)453.
[9] RavindraMangal,N.S.Saxena,M.s.Sreekala,S.Thomas,CompositesScienceandTechnology,66(2006),2719-2725.
[10] Serhat Durmaz,.Numerical study on the effective thermal conductivity of composite materials.

Abstract: An experimental investigation of combustion characteristics of higheralcohols/gasoline (UTG 96) blends is presented. Lower alcohols (methanol and ethanol)have been used in the past as fuel extenders by mixing them with gasoline, but relativelylittle work has been reported on higher alcohols (propanol, butanol, and pentanol).

[1]. MustafaKoc,et.al. "The effect of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline-Ethanol Blends on engine performance and pollutant emissions in 1-cylinder 4-stroke SI engine."
[2]. Al-Hasan, M., 2002. Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission. Energy Conversion and Management [44], 1547–1561.
[3]. Bayraktar, H., 2005. Experimental and theoretical investigation of using gasoline–ethanol blends in spark-ignition engines. Renewable Energy [30] 1733–1747.
[4]. KVenkateswarlu,MRamesh,KVeladri, "The effect of Methanol-gasoline Blends."
[5]. Alasfour, F.N., "Butanol - A single cylinder engine study: Engine performance," International Journal of Energy Research. 21(1): 21-30, 1997.
[6]. Alasfour, F. N., "Butanol - A Single-Cylinder Engine Study: Availability Analysis," Applied Thermal Engineering. 17(6): 537-549, 1997.
[7]. P. Chaurasia, Y. Ando and T. Tanaka, Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, 44 (2003) 611
[8]. J.T. Wang, S. Wasmus and R.F. Savinell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 142 (1995) 4218
[9]. Y. Ando, T. Tanaka, T. Doi and T. Takashima, Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, 42(15-17) (2001) 1807
[10]. Tapan, N.A.; K¨ok, A. Chem. Eng. Commun. 2009, 196, 131-147

Abstract: Centrifugal blowers are used extensively for on-board naval applications which have high noise levels. The noise generated by a rotating component is mainly due to random loading force on the blades and periodic iteration of incoming air with the blades of the rotor. The Contemporary blades in naval applications are made up of Aluminium or Steel and generate noise that causes disturbance to the people working near the blower. The present work aims at observing the choice of E-Glass as an alternative to metal for better vibration control. E-Glass, known for their superior damping characteristics are more promising in vibration reduction compared to metals. The modeling of the blower was done by CATIA V5 R19. The blower is meshed with a three dimensional hex8 mesh is done using HYPERMESH 10. It is proposed to design blower with Epoxy glass, analyze its strength and deformation using FEM technique. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of E-Glass and metal blower using FEA packaged (ANSYS). Modal analysis is performed on both Aluminium and E-Glass blower to find out first five natural frequencies.

Keywords: CATIA V5 R19, HYPERMESH 10, ANSYS

[1]. Michel Tournour, Zoubida El Hachemi, Alex Read, Fred Mendonca, Fabio Barone and Paolo Durello, "Investigation of tonal Noise radiated by subsonic fans using the Aero-Acoustic analogy", FAN NOISE 2003 International Symposium Senlis, 23-25 September 2003.
[2]. Raymond A. Loew, Joel T. Lauer, Joseph McAllister and Daniel L. Sutliff, "Advanced noise control Fan", Twenty-Fifth Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference sponsored by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, San Francisco, California, June 5- 8, 2006.
[3]. Jeon Wan-Ho and Lee Duck-Joo, "A numerical study on the flow and sound fields of centrifugal impeller located near a wedge", Journal of sound and vibration, Volume 266, Number 4, pp. 785-804, 2003
[4]. Christopher L. Banks and Sean F. Wu, "Prediction and reduction of centrifugal blower noises" Journal of Acoustical Society of America, Volume 103, Number 5, pp. 3045-3045, May 1998.
[5]. Jianfeng MA, Datong QI and Yijun MAO, "Noise reduction for centrifugal fan with non-isometric forward-swept blade impeller", Energy Power Engineers, Volume 2, Number 4, pp. 433–437, 2008.

Abstract:In general rotating machines have wide applications in systems, plants, vehicles, and industries. Every rotating machine uses shaft as power transforming unit. It is very dangerous to operate the machine with the presence of crack in the shaft. The growth of the crack is dangerous to operate and may lead to catastrophic failure. It is to be detected at earlier stages. In this paper relation between vibration amplitude and on the crack depth was developed, this helps in determine the depth of the crack by measuring the vibration amplitudes. To develop the relation equation strain energy density function was used. By observing the generated curves amplitude of vibration increases with respect to the depth of the crack due to reduction in stiffness of the shaft.

[1] A.D.Dimarogona ,C.A. Papadopoulos ,Vibration of cracked shafts in bending ,Journal of Sound and Vibration 91 (1983) 583-593

[2] M.D.RAJAB and A.AL SABEEH 1991 journal of Sound and vibration 147,465-473.Vibration characteristics of cracked shafts.

[3] C.A.Papadopoulos , A.D.Dimaroganas ,Coupled longitudinal and bending vibrations of a rotating shaft with an open crack ,Journal of a Sound and vibration 117(1987) 81-93.

[4] I.W.MAYES and W.G.DAVIES 1976 Institution of Mechanical Engineers Conference Publication ,Vibrations in Rotating Machinery ,Paper No.C168/76.The vibrational behavior of rotating shaft system containing a transverse crack.

[5] B.Grabowski ,The vibration behavior of a rotating shaft containing a transverse crack, in:O.Mahenholtz(Ed.),Dynamics of Rotors-Stability and System Identification ,CISM Courses and Lectures,Vol.273,Springer,Newyork,1984.

[6] R.Gasch , Dynamic behavior of a simple rotor with a cross sectional crack, in: Vibrations in Rotating Machineries-Proceedings of the International Conference ,Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1976,pp.123-128.

[7] I.W.Mayes , W.G.R.Davies , Analysis of the response of a multi-rotor-bearing system containing a transverse crack in a rotor ,Journal of Vibration ,Acoustics,Stress and reliability in Design 106(1984)139-145.

[8] S.Loutridis,E.Douka and A. Trochidis ,Crack identification in double-cracked beams using wavelet analysis,J.Sound vibr.277(2004), pp.1025-1039.

[9] H.D.Nelson ,C.Nataraj,The dynamics of a rotor system with a cracked shaft ,Journal of Vibration ,Acoustics, Stress and Reliability in Design 108 (1986) 189-196. [10] C.A.Papadopoulos,A.D.Dimaragonas ,Stability of cracked rotors in the coupled vibration mode,Journal of Vibration,Acoustics,Stress and Reliability in Design 110 (1988) 356-359.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyze, numerically, the elastic and elastoplastic behavior of three tubular T-joints with different cross-sections of braces. The first one is circular and the others are elliptical but assembled differently (longitudinal and transversal positions). The elastic study is to compare, in three charge cases, the geometric stress variation around the weld toe for the three T-joints. In the elastoplastic study, the limit loads of these joints were compared for each load case. In the order to facilitate interpretations, the results are presented in graphical form. The numerical simulations are performed using Patran and Nastran softweres.

Keywords : Circular cross-section, Elasticity, Elastoplasticity, Elliptical cross-section, Hot spot, Limit load.

[1] M. F. Ghanameh, D. Thevenet and A. Zeghloul, Evaluation of stress concentration for planar tubular joints, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 16(1), 2006, 1-10.
[2] M. M. K. Lee, Estimation of stress concentrations in single-sided welds in offshore tubular joints, International Journal of Fatigue, 21(9), 1999, 895-908.
[3] A. K. Soh, C. K. Soh, 'Hot spot' stresses of K tubular joints subjected to combined loading, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 26(2-3), 1993, 125-140.
[4] S. Jalal, L. Bousshine, Elastoplastic behavior of T, Y, DT and DY-tubular joints under axial loading, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 4(3), 2012, 19-25.
[5] H. Ahmadi, M. A. Lotfollahi-Yaghin, S. Yong-Bo, M. H. Aminfar, Parametric study and formulation of outer-brace geometric stress concentration factors in internally ring-stiffened tubular KT-joints of offshore structures, Applied Ocean Research, 38, 2012, 74-91.

Abstract: The world demand for potable water is increasing steadily with growing population. Desalination using solar energy is suitable for potable water production from brackish and seawater. In this paper, we presents design, fabrication and testing of double slope solar still with external flatted and internal parabolic reflectors and also optimization of external flat reflector tilt angle for Egyptian climatic conditions. The external flat reflector tilted at (30°, 45°, 60° and 75°) on the horizontal plane. The depth of water inside basin still is 1cm. Experimental results were compared with conventional double slope solar still. Optimum tilt angle is found to be 60° with a maximum daily productivity of 9.89 lit/m2.

Keywords : Solar desalination, Still Productivity, Performance, Heat and Mass transfer.

[1] Soteris A. Kalogirou., Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2005,
31; 242 – 281.
[2] Tiwari GN, Tiwari A., Solar distillation practice for water desalination systems. New Delhi (India): Anamaya, 2007.
[3] Kuwait Pike JG., Ground water resources development and the environment in the central region of the Arabian Gulf. Int J Water
Resources Develop; 1983, 1:115–32.
[4] A.E. Kabel, S.A. El-Agouz, Review of researches and developments on solar stills, Desalination, 2011, 276, 1–12.
[5] A.K. Tiwari, G.N. Tiwari., Effect of water depths on heat and mass transfer in a passive solar still: In summer climatic condition,
Desalination, 2006, 195, 78–94.
[6] E. Chafik., A new Type of Seawater Desalination Plants Using Solar Energy, Desalination, 2003, 156, 333-348.
[7] M. Boubekri, A. Chaker, Yield of an improved solar still : numerical approach, Energy Proscedia, 2011, 6, 610-617.
[8] Malik, M.A.S., Tiwari, G.N., Kumar, A. and Sodha, M.S., Solar Distillation, UK: Pergamon Press, 1982.
[9] Sampathkumar, K., Arjunan, T.V., Pitchandi, P. and Senthilkumar P., Active solar distillation - A detailed review, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, Vol. 14, pp.1503–1526.
[10] G.N.Tiwari, ''Solar Energy''. Narosa Publishing House. New Delhi, 2002.

Abstract: In this study the kinematic wave equation has been solved numerically using the modified Lax explicit finite difference scheme (MLEFDS) and used for flood routing in a wide prismatic channel and a nonprismatic channel. Two flood waves, one sinusoidal wave and one exponential wave, have been imposed at the upstream boundary of the channel in which the flow is initially uniform. Six different schemes have been introduced and used to compute the routing parameter, the wave celerity c. Two of these schemes are based on constant depth and use constant celerity throughout the computation process. The rest of the schemes are based on local depths and give celerity dependent on time and space. The effects of the routing parameter c on the travel time of flood wave, the subsidence of the flood peak and the conservation flood flow volume have been studied. The results seem to indicate that there is a minimal loss/gain of flow volume whatever the scheme is. While it is confirmed that neither of the schemes is 100% volume conservative, it is found that the scheme Kinematic Wave Model-2 (KWM-II) gives the most accurate result giving only 0.1% error in perspective of volume conservation. The results obtained in this study are in good qualitative agreement with those obtained in other similar studies. Keywords: Bangladesh, Channel roughness, Flood peak, The Saint-Venant equation, Modified Lax method, Volume conservation, Wave routing.

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