iosr-JNHS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2019

Abstract: Diabetes decreases life expectancy and increases mortality rate and morbidity associated with development of complications with enormous cost. It is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes decreases life expectancy and increases mortality rate and morbidity associated with development of complications with enormous cost. However, with proper diet, exercise and good adherence to medication (three cornerstones of management), diabetes can be managed with minimal or no complications. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Parirenyatwa group of Hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe and it was done in the out-patients' department.......

[1] Mufunda E, Wikby K, Björn A, Hjelm K. Level and determinants of diabetes knowledge in patients with diabetes in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study. The Pan African Medical Journal. 2012;13.
[2] Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2014;103(2):137-49.
[3] Baraz S, Shahbazian HB, Miladinia M, Zarea K. Video training programs and the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care. 2015;4(4).
[4] Crews RT, Schneider KL, Yalla SV, Reeves ND, Vileikyte L. Physiological and psychological challenges of increasing physical activity and exercise in patients at risk of diabetic foot ulcers: a critical review. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 2016;32(8):791-804.
[5] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(S1):81-90.

Abstract: Patient safety is a concern worldwide and viewed as a crucial component of quality in healthcare service. Medication administration errors(MAEs) often used as indicators of patient safety in hospitals because of their common occurrence and potential risk to patients. The aim of the study is to (1) compare the nurses' perception toward patient safety culture at the work unit in the Ministry of Health Hospital and Teaching Hospital. (2) compare nurses' perception of reasons of medication errors occurrence and barriers to reporting at both hospitals (3) and determine how difference innurses'perception of patient safety culture can affect medication error occurrence and barriers to reporting among nurses. A descriptive comparative research design was used. Data was collected from convenience sample of nurses using Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) for assessing nurses' attitude toward safety culture and The Medication..........

Keywords: Patientsafety,safetyattitude,medicationerrors,reporting,nurses,hospitals.

[1] Alingh C. W.,et al. Speaking up about patient safety concerns: The influence of safety management approaches and climate on nurses' willingness to speak up. BMJ Quality & Safety. Advance online publication. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007163
[2] Bodur S, Filiz E. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of" Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture" and perception of patient safety in public hospitals in Turkey. BMC Health Services Research. 2010
[3] The World Health Organization (WHO) Patient Safety. Denmark, World Health Organization.2017
[4] Antonsen, S. Safety culture: Theory, method, and improvement. Surrey England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.2009
[5] Haynes, J., & Strickler, J. TeamSTEPPS makes strides for better communication. Nursing; 2014, 44(1), 62-62. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000438725.66087.89.

Abstract: Background: Anemia is common in older adults aged 65 years and older, associated with morbidity, mortality, and increases the risk for cognitive decline [1]. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between anemia and risk factors for poor cognitive function in elderly patients. Patients and method: This study included one hundred elderly patients at internal medicine department in Assiut University hospital, which chosen randomly for three months from the first of January 2018 to the end of March 2018. Each elderly patients were assessed through socio-demographic data, hemoglobin level, activities of daily living (ADL), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Body mass index (BMI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)..............

Keywords: Anemia; elderly, cognitive capacity; comorbidity; activities of daily living

[1] Murphy, S.L., J. Xu, and K.D. Kochanek, Deaths: final data for 2010. Natl Vital Stat Rep, 2013. 61(4): p. 1-117.
[2] Schubert, C.C., et al., Comorbidity profile of dementia patients in primary care: are they sicker? J Am GeriatrSoc, 2006. 54(1): p. 104-9.
[3] Silay, K., et al., Charlson Comorbidity Index, inappropriate medication use and cognitive impairment: Bermuda Triangle. Wien KlinWochenschr, 2017. 129(21-22): p. 799-804.
[4] Gaskell, H., et al., Cognitive functioning appears to be a better predictor of disruptive behavior than analgesic intake. J Am GeriatrSoc, 2008. 56(12): p. 2355; author reply 2355-6.
[5] Andro, M., et al., Anaemia and cognitive performances in the elderly: a systematic review. Eur J Neurol, 2013. 20(9): p. 1234-40.

Abstract: The present study investigated the ameliorating effect of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) and garlic (Allium sativium) aqueous extract on some renal function parameters in lead-induced nephrotoxicity in adult albino rats. A total of fifty rats were used for this study. Of these, twenty were used for the LD50 determination. The remaining thirty rats were divided randomly into five groups of six rats each. Group A: Served as negative control and were administered with 10ml/kg/b/wtdistilled water. Group B: Served as positive control and received 100mg/kg b wt of lead acetate. Group C: Received 100mg/kg b wt lead acetate and 100mg/kg b wt garlic aqueous extract. Group...........

Keywords: Ginger, garlic, nephrotoxicity, lead, poison.

[1]. Karamala, C. S., Anjaneyulu Y., ChandraSekharaRao, T. S., Sreenivasulu, D. &Amravathi P. P. (2011). Hematobiochemical changes of lead Poisoning and ameliorationwithOcimum sanctum in wistar albino rats.Veterinary World, 4(6), 260 - 263
[2]. Laraque, D. &Trasande, L. (2005). Lead Poisoning: Successes and 21st Century Challenges. Pediatrics Review, 26, 435 – 443.
[3]. Vargas, I., Castillo, C. & Posadas, F. (2003). Acute lead exposure induces renal heme oxygenase-1 and decreases urinary Na+ excretion. Human and Experimental Toxicology, 22, 237 - 244.
[4]. Damek-Poprawa, M. &Sawicka-Kapusta, K. (2004). Histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and testes of bank voles environmentally exposed to heavy metal emissions from the steelworks and zinc smelter in Poland. Environmental Research; 96, 72 - 88
[5]. Rastogi, S. K. (2008). Renal effects of environmental and occupational lead exposure. Indian Journal Occupationalad Environmental Medicine, 12, 103–106.