iosr-JNHS   Volume-1 ~ Issue-5

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Assessment of Legibility and Accuracy of Prescriptions through Prescription Surveys
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pragnadyuti Mandal, Swapan Jana, Balaram Ghosh, Souvik Ghosh, Indrani Dalal, Kamal Krishna Kundu
	:	10.9790/1959-0150103

Abstract: Aims and Objective: To assess the prescriptions of private practitioners for legibility and accuracy.Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty prescriptions of private practitioners were taken for assessment of legibility and accuracy. The prescriptions were assessed by two investigators and a third adjudicated in case of disagreement. For assessment of handwriting, a scoring method was used. Other parameters which were assessed were: spelling of medicine names, formulation, drugs strength and dosage form, use of nonspecific abbreviations, use of archaic terminologies such as OD, HS etc. and use of capital letters. Results: Results were expressed in percentages. Spellings of medicine names in all prescriptions were correct. About ninety four percent of prescriptions were legible (scored 3 or 4). In formulations and drugs strength were not mentioned in 4.2% and 5% of cases respectively. Abbreviations of names of drugs were written by 6.6% of prescribers. Sixty percent of prescribers preferred to use archaic terminology and only 6.6% of the prescribers written the prescriptions in capital letters. Conclusions: A major percentages (60%) of private practitioners using the archaic terminologies which usually cause confusion to the dispensers and consumers. Use of capital letter while preparing a prescription, avoiding use of abbreviations and archaic terminologies as well as using the technology such as printing the prescription may ensure a quality service to the consumer.

Keywords: prescription, legibility, accuracy.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Diet – A New Approach To Treating Endometriosis – What Is The Evidence?
Country	:	Oman
Authors	:	Deepa Shaji Thomas , Jansi Rani Natarajan
	:	10.9790/1959-0150411

Abstract: Endometriosis affects over 70 million women worldwide and is more common than breast cancer and diabetes. A survey in 2005 showed that in the European Union, endometriosis cost member states more than €30bn a year in lost working days, and of the 7025 women with endometriosis who completed the survey, 82% reported that the condition had caused them to take time off work in the past five years. Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity1. The prevalence of endometriosis among asymptomatic women ranges from 2–22%, while in women with infertility the incidence of endometriosis is 35% to 50%2. This pathology represents one of the most frequent gynecological disorders during women's reproductive age. Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent, chronic inflammatory gynaecological condition that causes pelvic pain symptoms impacting on the physical, mental and social wellbeing of reproductive-age women (Bianconi et al., 2007)3. Despite the high prevalence, which has been estimated to be between 6–10% (Parazzini et al., 1994)4 and the recognized economic burden associated with the disease (Simoens et al., 2012)5, its aetiology remains elusive. Various pathogenetic factors – menstrual, genetic, environmental, lifestyle – have been claimed to be implicated in the disease establishment and development (Viganò et al., 20046 and Viganò et al., 20127).

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[4] Parazzini F, Ferraroni M, Fedele L, Bocciolone L, Rubessa S and Riccardi A (1994) Pelvic endometriosis: reproductive and menstrual risk factors at different stages in Lombardy, northern Italy. J Epidemiol Commun Health 49, 61–64.
[5] Simoens S, Hummelshoj L, D'Hooghe T. Endometriosis: cost estimates and methodological perspective. Hum Reprod Update 2007;13:395-404.
[6] Vigano, P, Parazzini, F, Somigliana, E, et al. (2004) Endometriosis: epidemiology and aetiological factors. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18, 177–200.
[7] Sanchez AM, Vigano P, et al. (2012). The molecular connections between the cannabinoid system and endometriosis. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 18 (12): 563-71.
[8] E. Seli, M. Berkkanoglu, A. Arici Pathogenesis of endometriosis .Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 30 (1) (2003), pp. 41–61.
[9] Bulun, SE (2009) Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 360, 268–279.
[10] Hediger, ML, Hartnett, HJ & Louis, GM (2005) Association of endometriosis with body size and figure. Fertil Steril 84, 1366–1374

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Psycho-Educative Intervention on Adherence to Treatment, Knowledge and Attitude among Persons with Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) – Randomized Controlled Trial
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Linu Sara George, Dr. PSVN Sharma, Dr. Sreekumaran Nair
	:	10.9790/1959-0151217

Abstract: Introduction: Enhancement of treatment adherence in bipolar disorder is a necessary and promising management component as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy. The main purpose of the study was to find the effect of psycho-educative intervention on adherence to treatment among persons with BPAD. Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with a sample size of 50; 24 in experimental and 26 in control group. Four sessions of psycho-education was given to the patient in experimental group and the outcome was measured immediately after the intervention and at 1 month and 3 months. Results: The study findings shows that there was a significant improvement of knowledge and attitude scores among the experimental group to the control group (p =0.001).There was a difference in adherence seen between the groups, however the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.111). Conclusion: From the present study it was concluded that psycho educative intervention along with pharmacotherapy is one of the most easy, flexible and cost effective intervention to enhance treatment adherence in bipolar disorder.

Keywords: Adherence to treatment, attitude. Bipolar affective disorder, effect, knowledge, psycho-educative intervention. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry India / 2010/091/000476

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6]; 25(1):1-16 (Availablefrom:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ hup.1081/abstract).