iosr-JNHS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Background: The menopause is a time in a woman's life when it is recognized that biological and social changes can influence upon their quality of life. While most women traverse the menopausal transition (MT) with little difficulty, others may undergo significant stress. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to assess the literature concerning the menopausal symptoms experienced by women in various countries of the world. Review Methods: A database search was conducted in CINAHL, Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Medline for the period of 2007- 2013 using specific term "menopause", "perimenopause", "menopause symptoms", "midlife and quality of life". A total of 15 studies were identified which met the inclusion criteria. Results: The results of the 15 studies reveals that the burden of menopausal symptoms on the life of midlife women in different parts of the world. From this review, it is evident that there is great diversity in symptom frequencies across the cultures and ways of coping adopted by these women. Conclusion: With appropriate counseling, health information and an understanding of the menopause and its dimensions, menopause can become a time of beginning, rather than an end.

Keywords - Menopause, Menopausal symptoms, Menopausal Transition, Quality of life

[1]. Avis, N. E., Assmann, S. F., Kravitz, H. M., Ganz, P. A., & Ory, M. (2004). Quality of life in diverse groups of midlife women: Assessing the influence of menopause, health status, and psychosocial and demographic factors. Quality of Life, 13, 933-946.
[2]. Barton, D., & Loprinzi, C. (2004). Making sense of the evidence regarding non-hormonal treatment for hot flashes. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 8, 39-42.
[3]. Brown, J. P., Gallicchio, L., Flaws, J. A., & Tracy, J. K. (2009). Relations among menopausal symptoms, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in midlife. Maturitas, 62, 184- 189.
[4]. Dennerstein L, Randolph J, Taffe J, Dudley E, Burger H. Hormones, mood, sexuality, and the menopausal transition. Fertil Steril 2002;77(Suppl. 4):S42–8.
[5]. Dhillon HK, Singh HJ, Rashidah S, Abdul Manaf H, Nik and Mohd Zaki NM (2006): Prevalence of menopausal symptoms in women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Maturitas, 54:213-221.
[6]. Eman Elsayed Mohammed Elsabagh, and Eman Shokry Abd Allah(2012): Menopausal symptoms and the quality of life among pre/post menopausal women from rural area in Zagazig city. Life Science Journal, 2012;9(2):283-91.
[7]. El Shafie K, Al Farsi Y, Al Zadjali N, Al Adawi S, Al Busaidi Z, Al Shafaee M. Menopausal symptoms among healthy, middle-aged Omani women as assessed with the Menopause Rating Scale. Menopause. 2011;18(10):1113-9.
[8]. Elavsky, S. (2009). Physical activity, menopause, and quality of life: The role of affect and self-worth across time. Menopause, 16, 265-271.
[9]. Files, J., Ko, M., & Pruthi, S. (2011). Bioidentical hormone therapy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86, 673-680.
[10]. Gita D Mishra, Diana Kuh (2012): Health symptoms during midlife in relation to menopausal transition: British prospective cohort study, BMJ 2012;344:e402

Abstract: Background: Ischemic heart disease among is the most common causes of death and disability in the world. The Indian subcontinent (including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) has among the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally. Previous reports have highlighted the high CVD rates among South Asian immigrants living in Western countries, but the enormous CVD burden within the Indian subcontinent itself has been underemphasized.

Keywords - Ischemic Heart Disease, Risk factors, Awareness.

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Abstract: Concerns about infection with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) among the young people have renewed interest in developing countries, where they represent a large proportion of population and are at high risk. The study examined the influence of the HIV/AIDS education on behavioural change among tertiary students in Ondo State, Nigeria.

Keywords -Influence, HIV/AIDS, Education, Behavioural change, Tertiary Institution, Coitus.

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Abstract: A thin bony plate between coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa of humerus is sometimes perforated to form a foramen named as supra trochlear foramen (STF).It was present between two epicondyles also called intercondylar foramen .The Study was conducted in 74 dried humerus specimens from the Department of Anatomy, Sivaraj institute of medical sciences. Among those 39 are of left side; 35 are of right side. Supratrochlear foramen was seen in 14 (19.17%) bones, 9 were left side and 5 were right side. Mean transverse diameter of STF was 7.94mm and vertical diameter was 6.01.The presence of STF is associated with narrow intramedullary canal. In this study it was observed that the mean diameter of the intramedullary canal was less (4.48 mm) for the specimens with such foramen, but in the normal humeri it was 6.36 mm. Knowledge of this variation of Supratrochlear foramen in the distal end of humerus is essential in diagnostic orthopaedics, in intramedullary nailing of humerus and STF is a radiolucent area in radiographs and this may be misinterpreted for osteolytic or cystic lesion.

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