iosr-JPBS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: Adiponectin is secreted by white adipose tissue and as known as for its function it is anti-diabetes, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities, which have been directly linked to the high molecular weight and are abundantly present in circulating blood. adiponectin had effects on monocyte adhesion to endothelium, myeloid differentiation and macrophage cytokine production and phagocytosis. It can suppress atherogenesis by inhibiting the adherence of monocytes, reducing their phagocytic activity and suppressing the accumulation of modified lipoproteins in the vascular wall. C1q and TNF family play important roles in inflammation, the immune system and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin has protective actions in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis through anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. Adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity, type 2 diabetes and negatively correlated with the CRP levels in patients with CAD. With the prospect of future, adiponectin could become a promising target for future investigations in reducing the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic disease.

Key word: Adiponectin, diponectin properties, Atherosclerosis disease, inflammatory effect, Anti-inflammatory effect.

Abstract: For the detection of Biofilm formation method, total 60 clinical isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. Clinical isolates were identified as per standard microbiological procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test of biofilm producing bacteria was performed by using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Biofilm detection was tested by Tube method (TM), Congo Red Agar method (CRA). These methods require the use of especially solid media-brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 5% sucrose and Congo red strain. Out of 60 isolates, CRA method detected 54 as high biofilm producer while by TM method, 50 isolates showed trong biofilm formation, and non biofilm producer were 10. According to the antibiotic susceptibility test, higher antibiotic resistance was observed in biofilm producing bacteria than non biofilm producers. Hence from the current investigation, CRA method is rapid, sensitive and reproducible. TM method gave moderate results. So CRA method is more suitable method for detection of biofilm formation as compared to the other method in the present investigation.

Keywords: Biofilm, congo red agar method, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, tube method,

Abstract: Factors of pathogenesis and prognosis of prevalence hypoparathyroidism among hemodialysis (HD) are largely unknown. Some studies have shown increasing risk of death among HD patients with low serum intact PTH (iPTH). This study was to evaluate the role of vitamin D, aluminium (Al) and magnesium (Mg) as risk factors of hypoparathyroidism prevalence among HD patients. This study included 63 HD patients and 22 healthy volunteers as normal control group. Any studied subject with history of previous parathyroidectomy was excluded. Patients with relative hypoparathyroidism had higher levels of aluminum, calcium and lower levels of urea reduction ratio (URR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), magnesium and 25(OH)D than those with hyperparathyroidism, there were also significant negative correlations between iPTH and serum 25(OH)D, Mg & Al in relative hypoparathyroidism group. In HD groups, The levels of 25(OH)D and hemoglobulin were significantly lower, whereas the levels of serum Al, ferritin, phosphorous and ALP were significantly higher in comparison with those in the control group. In addition, in HD patients there were a significant negative correlation between serum Al and MCV. It was observed that there were significant relations between low iPTH and 25(OH)D, Mg, and Al levels in relative hypoparathyroidism patients.

Key words: Hemodialysis, Intact parathyroid hormone, Relative hypoparathyroidism, Serum aluminium, Vitamin D

Abstract: Annona muricata leaf extract is used in Indonesia traditional medicine for the treatment of many disease . Work done has demonstrated Annona muricata to be effective in treating carbon tetrachloride-and acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage, In this present study, the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata leaves for its cytotoxicity potential and induction of apoptosis in tubular cells, was investigated. Phytochemical screening verified presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The present study was undertaken to investigate the leaf extract effects of Annona muricata Linn. on the level of serum creatinine and damage of tubular cell structure that effect of kidney cell functions and caspase-9 expression in glomerulus and tubular cells. The animals (n=20) Were grouped a (control), I, II, AND III (experimental). The experimental animals of group I were administered with 10 mg/kg body weight/ day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days, group II were administered with 20 mg/kg body weight/ day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days and III were administered with 40 mg/kg body weight/day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days and then we see the effect on creatinine serum concentration by ELISA method and glomerulus,tubular cells were fixed and processed to examine the histological changes and caspase-9 expression in glomerulus and tubular cells.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergence of high-level aminoglycoside and glycopeptide resistance has significantly contributed to the mortality, particularly in serious enterococcal infections. High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance (HLAR) is related to the slow uptake or permeability of these agents. AIM: The present study was undertaken to determine HLAR pattern of enterococci in our hospital. METERIALS AND METHODS: This study was done in the Department of Microbiology, Meenakshi medical college, during the period of February 2012- February 2013. A total of 52 enterococcal isolates were collected from various clinical samples and speciation was by a series of biochemical reactions as per standard protocol.. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and microbroth dilution method according to CLSI guidelines 2012.

[1]. Agarwal VA, Jain YI, Pathak AA. Concomitant high level resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides in enterococci at Nagpur, Central India. Indian J Med Microbiol 1999;17:85-7.
[2]. Ajay Kumar Oli, Rajeshwari H, Nagaveni S, and KelmaniChandrakanth R. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of enterococcus species isolated from clinical samples in south India Journal of Recent Advances in Applied Sciences. 2012;27:06-10,.
[3]. Bhat KG, Chitra P, Bhat M. High level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients. Indian J Med Res 1997;105:198-9.
[4]. Desai PJ ,Pandit D, Mathur M ,GogateA.Prevalence ,identification and distribution of various species of enterococci isolated from clinical samples with special reference to urinary tract infection in catheterized patients. Indian J Med Microbial 2001;19:132-137.
[5]. Facklam RR, Carey RD, Ballows A, Hausler WJ, Shadomy HJ. The streptococci and aerococci.In Lennette EN.Manual of clinical Microbiology, 4th ed. American Society for Microbiol, Washington. D. C 1985. p. 154-7.
[6]. Jyothi Parameswarappa et al, Isolation, identification, and antibiogram of enterococci isolated from patients with urinary tract infection, Annals of African medicine.2013;12(3):176-181.
[7]. Karmarkar M.G. Enterococcal infections with special reference to phenotypic characterization & drug resistance. Indian J Med Res Suppl May 2004;119:22-25.