IOSR-JAGG   Volume-3 ~ Issue-2 ~ MAR-APR-2015

Abstract:Paper has illuminated the satellite data of previous flood and hydrological data to estimate the inundated areas near Sharda River. Modeling of flood inundated areas predicted 10 cm rises in water level in affected areas by flood. IRS-P6/AWiFS and RADARSAT data were used. The RADARSAT satellite data have shown the flood water, water in low lying areas and real time flood data. The geo referenced IRS-P6/AWiFS, IRS-P6/LISS-III and PAN satellite data were useful for preparation of various thematic maps. Results revealed that most heavily flood affected villages at three gauge stations on Sharda River during year 2009 were: 13 villages of Puranpur Block of Pilibhit District downstream to Banbasa gauge station at 220.35m water level; 22 villages of Nighasan Block of Lakhimpur-khiri District downstream to Paliyakala gauge station at 154.62m water level and 26 villages of Behta Block of Sitapur District downstream to Sharda Nagar gauge station at 136.10m water level.

Abstract: The qualitative evaluation and hydrogeochemical attributes of groundwater in Owerri Capital Territory Owerri was investigated to assess the quality for human consumption and agricultural purposes. A total of sixteen (16) groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical and biological properties. The range of temperature (oC), colour (Hz), and turbidity of groundwater in the study area are between: 20-28.3, 5-15, and 1-50 respectively. The average of pH , conductivity (us/cm),TDS (mg/l), and hardness (mg/l) are: 7.66, 0.135, 34.64, and 7.94 respectively. The result also reveals that the concentration of Na+(mg/l), K+(mg/l), Ca2+(mg/l), Mg2+(mg/l), Fe+(mg/l), Pb2+(mg/l),Cd2+(mg/l), Cu+(mg/l),and Zn2+ (mg/l) range between: 3.33-7.6, 0.2-6.8, 2.4-8.3,1.02-3.44, 0.001-0.59, 0.001-0.01, 0-0.16, 0.06-2.88 and 0.01-2.18 respectively. Water Classification result of the groundwater samples show the predominance of alkali bicarbonate water type (Na+ + K+) - HCO3- that is largely soft and therefore, mostly of acceptable quality for household uses. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) of the groundwater samples in the study area showed that the samples fall below 1.4meq/l, indicating predominance of excellent water for irrigation purposes in accordance with recommended standard. This study recommends among other things that groundwater resources development in the area requires elaborate qualitative assessment, to ensure that any necessary pre-use treatment is effected.

Keywords: Qualitative Evaluation, Groundwater Quality, Hydrogeochemistry, Water types.

Abstract: The study area lies within the Anambra Basin which geologically made up of Enugu Shale and Mamu Formation. This study aimed at determining the geology and depositional environments of these Formations through field relationship and grain size distribution as well as morphometric studies. The field data shows Enugu Shale as fissile, light grey with extraformational clast which graded into Mamu Formation which is made up of alternating sequence of shale, siltstone, mudstone, coal and sand, it shows a fluctuating environment. The granulometric study of sand member of Mamu Formation shows characteristic very well sorted, fine to medium grains which were deposited in relatively turbulent well aerated marine environment probably above wave base. The bivariate and the multivariate results reveal Aeolian/shallow marine deposit. The fissility of Enugu Shale suggests that it was deposited in low energy environment, distal to proximal lagoon environment and the presence of extraformatonal clast indicates fluvial incursion. However, it can be concluded that Mamu Formation was deposited in fluctuating environment ranging from an oxygenated shallow marine to acidic swampy environment. Hence is paralic Formation.

Keywords; Mamu Formation, Enugu shale, Kurtosis, Skewness and Benue trough

Abstract: The focus of this research is to model the geohydrology of the precambrian Oban Massif using geospatial techniques. Groundwater control indicators such as geology, geomorphology, drainage density, lineament density, land use / land cover and slope steepness were derived from landsat ETM+ imagery, ASTER DEM and SRTM DEM. Image processing software such as ENVI 3.2, ARC GIS9.2 and PCI Geomatica were used for image processing , digitizing and lineament density computation respectively. Weighted averages of the groundwater controlling factors were used to produce thematic maps of geology, lineament density, drainage density, slope steepness, land use/land cover and geomorphological units. The thematic maps were overlaid in a GIS environment to model the ground water potential map of the area. Arc GIS, Arc View and Map Info were used for geographic Information System analysis.

Abstract: This paper titled Seismic Refraction Survey for Groundwater Potentials of Southern Paiko Area. Niger State, Nigeria, employs the service of seismic refraction survey method. A twelve-channel seistronix was used for the data collection. The profiles were marked at 100 m intervals, while the profiles lines traversed 1000 m (1km). A Total of 44 spreads were shot. Data were collected, Time – distance (T-S) graphs were plotted using matrix laboratory software, velocities of the underlying layers obtained and depths to the refractor layer computed and geologic cross sections were obtained. The results obtained gave an overview of the lateral variation in the lithological changes of the subsurface earth materials in the surveyed area. The basement surface varied in depth, from 10.16 m to a maximum of 14.80 m. weathered layer velocities ranging from 809 m/s to 3612 m/s and consolidated layer velocities varying between 2858 m/s to 9696 m/s. Four shot points were delineated as aquifer potentials of the area having depth to refractor varying between 13.70 m and 14.80 m with overburden velocities ranging from 1940 m/s to 3462 m/s. The rock materials identified in the surveyed area are chiefly sand, saturated clay, gravel, gneiss, igneous rock and granite.

Keyword: Seistronix, time-distance graph, velocity, basement, geologic, aquifer and Paiko.

Abstract: The paper titled "Electrical Resistivity survey for ground water" at EL-HALAL Farms, covered an area of about 10km2, located at Eye Zheba village along Minna-Bida Road, located on latitude 60.001 and 6071 West and longitude 9031and 9.101 North. As a result of water problem in Bida and its environs, the people living in this environment suffered a lot due to lack of portable drinking water and water for domestic use. A Geophysical survey carried out, employed the schlumberger Array method in which current were sent beneath the earth surfaces, this was done at various points and the data collected. The area revealed three lithological formations in some places while in some place five. With the lowest resistivty found to be 6.85 Ωm and the highest resistivity was 12,774.46 Ωm. The lithotogical formation includes the sandstones, clayey sandstones, sandy clay and ferruginised sandstone. Since this is a sedimentary area drilling is expected to be deep down to a depth of about 70-75m.

Keyword: Depth, Aquifer, Resistivity, and Geoelectric

Abstract: Sub-soil investigation of a proposed construction site located at Kyami district of the Federal Capital Territory (F.C.T.) Abuja, Nigeria, was carried out to determine the suitability of the soil to host civil engineering structures. The investigation involved excavation of trial pits and obtaining both disturbed and undisturbed samples for laboratory analysis. Classification tests carried out showed that about half of the soil samples analysed is composed mainly of clayey sand (SC), with the remaining half composed of silty sand (SM) and non-plastic sand respectively; each occurring inalmost equal proportion. Analysis showed that the soil has low plasticity characteristics. This implies that the potential for swelling and shrinking when wet and dry that could have negative impact on the stability of structures placed on them is low.The soils therefore have fair to good engineering characteristics necessary for construction work and with a mean allowable bearing capacity of 137.8KPa the soils have moderate strength capable of carrying normal civil engineering structures.

Keywords: plasticity, potential, strength, stability, suitability

Abstract: The Kanawa Member of the Pindiga Formation at Ashaka Cement Quarry forms a Type – one sequence. The lower sequence boundary is a thin ferruginous crust on top of the Upper Bima Sandstone which is also a transgressive surface since the intervening Yolde Formation is absent. The upper boundary of the sequence is a correlative conformity within the Deba-Fulani Member. The transgressive systems tract and the highstand systems tract are identifiable within the sequence. They both comprises parasequence sets and parasequences showing smaller scale units produce by relative sea level changes on shorter time frame. The transgressive systems tract is within the Kanawa Member while the highstand systems tract encompasses the upper part of the Kanawa Member and basal Deba-Fulani Member. The lowstand systems tract preceding the transgressive systems tract of the sequence is missing, indicating the marginal position of the Ashaka Cement Quarry sequence of the depositional basin.

Key words: Cretaceous, Kanawa Member, Sequence boundary, Transgressive systems, Parasequences.