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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Determination of Aquifer Hydraulic Parameters from Pumping Test Data Analysis: A Case Study of Akpabuyo Coastal Plain Sand Aquifers, Cross River State, S-E Nigeria. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Amah E. A || Anam G. S |
Abstract:Five boreholes namely IkotEdemOdo (Ak3), IkotOyom (Ak7), IkotMbakara (Ak9), AkwaObioInwang (Ak10), and IkotEkpo (Ak11) within the Akpabuyo Local Government Area of Cross River State were subjected to a number of pumping tests: step drawdown, constant discharge and recovery tests to provide some preliminary estimation of hydraulic parameters for the study area. The results indicate that transmissivity T, hydraulic conductivity k, and specificcapacity SC, ranged from 485.0m2/d to 1346.0m2/d, 9.7m/d to 27.9m/d, 0.02m3/d/m to 346.m3/d/m respectively. Mean static water level (SWL), saturated thickness of the aquifer (b) and borehole drilled depths (BDD) were 30.29m, 48.0m and 64.8m, respectively. The litho-logs of the boreholes confirm that the estimated hydraulic parameters were obtained from unconfined gravelly sandy aquifers underlain by mostly sandy clay (aquitard)..
[1]. Amah, E.A and Esu, E.O (2008). Geophysical and hydrogeological studies of shallow groundwater aquifers of Calabar area, south – eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Science. 4(2), 78 – 90.
[2]. Allen, J. R. L. (1985). Late Quaternary Niger Delta and adjacent areas, sedimentary environments and lithofacies. AAPG Bull, vol.49, p 547 -600.
[3]. Edet, A. E. and Okereke, C. S. (2002).Delineation of shallow groundwater aquifers in the coastal plain sands of Calabar area (Southern Nigeria).Journal of African Earth Sciences (35), 438p.
[4]. Etu – Efeotor, J. O. (1981). Preliminary Hydro Chemical investigations of sub- surface waters in parts of the Niger Delta. Journal of Mining and Geology vol. 18(1) 103 -105.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Geological mapping in semi-arid regions with low spectral contrast surfaces using ASTER data |
| Country | : | Tunisia |
| Authors | : | Mourad El Koundi || Pascal Allemand || Fouad Zargouni |
Abstract: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is largely used for geological mapping and lithological discriminations because of its relative fine resolution and its relative broad spectral range (14 bands). This study investigated the use of ASTER data for geological mapping at scale 1:50.000 in the Sahel block (eastern Tunisia). This region is characterised by sedimentary outcropping series with relative low tone contrast. Based on mineral composition of outcropping series, five indices were used in addition to VNIR and SWIR corrected bands for classification process. A Minimum Noise Fraction Transformation was performed to increase S/N ratio and to reduce redundancy. Eleven spectral endmembers representing lithostratigraphic units were used as training classes for a supervised classification using the Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM) algorithm. Results were validated using field verification and accuracy assessment. With an overall accuracy of 85.67% and a Kappa of 0.791, produced map is estimated to be accurate.
Keywords – ASTER, geological mapping, spectral analysis, spectral low contrast surfaces, Tunisian Sahel
[1]. A. Hirano, R. Welch and H. Lang, Mapping from ASTER stereo image data: DEM validation and accuracy assessment, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 57, 2003, 356– 370.
[2]. M. Abrams, S. Hook and B. Ramachandran, ASTER User Handbook Version 2 (Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology: California 2001).
[3]. Y. Yamaguchi, A.B. Kahle, H. Tsu, T. Kawakami and M. Pniel, Overview of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36(4), 1998, 1062-1071.
[4]. L.C. Rowan and J.C. Mars, Lithologic mapping in the Mountain Pass, California area using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 84(3), 2003, 350–366.
[5]. R.D. Hewson, T.J. Cudahy, S. Mizuhiko, K. Ueda and A.J. Mauger, Seamless geological map generation using ASTER in the Broken Hill-Curnamona province of Australia, Remote Sensing of Environment, 99(1-2), 2005, 159-172.
[6]. R.D. Hewson, T.J. Cudahy and J.F. Huntington (2001) Geologic and alteration mapping at Mt Fitton, South Australia, using ASTER satellite-borne data, in: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2001. IGARSS '01. IEEE 2001 International, pp. 3..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Sub-surface Structural Configuration of the Chitradurga Schist Belt as Inferred from Bouguer Gravity data analysis |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | K.Bhagya || G.Ramadass |
Abstract: The NW-SE trending Chitradurga Schist Belt (CSB) from Sarangapatnam to Gadag in Dharwar Craton, of Indian peninsular Shield is interesting both from the Geological and as well as Geophysical points of view. However relatively few Geophysical studies over the Chitradurga Schist Belt have been reported. In this paper a new Bouguer gravity map of Chitradurga -Gadag region were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively to understand the geological structures in this region. The qualitative analysis consist of gradient analysis (Horizontal, Vertical ,Analytical signal and Tilt derivatives ) were brought out the disposition of the schist belt contacts, shear zones, two (F1 & F2) major deep faults are running NW-SE , nine ( f1 to f9) small local faults trending in NW-SE, N-S , five gravity lows (L1 to L5) and three gravity high (H1 to H3) lineaments were delineated. Based on these inferred features comparing with known geological control, schist belt as three mineral potentional zones were delineated, northern (A), Central (B) and (C) zones.
[1]. Anand S.P. and Mita Rajaram, 2003. Study of Aeromagnetic data over part of eastern ghat mobile belt and Bastar Craton.Gondwana; Res.6, PP-859-865.
[2]. A.P .Singh, Mishra,D.C., Laxman, G., 2003 Apparent Density Mapping and 3-D Gravity Inversion of Dharwar Crustal Province. J.Ind. Geophys.Union, Vol.7. No.1, pp.1-9.
[3]. Anand, S.P. and Rajaram mita (2002) Aeromagnetic data to probe the Dharwar Craton. Curr. Sci., v.83(2), pp.162-163.
[4]. Babu.V.R.R.M. 2001. Plate tectonic history of the Indian plate Nellore-Khammam schist belt. Bengaluru; Indian Academy of Geosciences.PP-1-183
[5]. Chadwick.B., Vasudev.V.N and Hegde.G.V., 2000. The Dharwar Craton, southerh India interpreted as the result of late Archean oblique Convergence, Precambrian Reseach.99 (2000), PP.91-111. [6]. Gupta.M.L., Heat flow in the Indian Peninsula—its geological and geophysical implications. - Tectonophysics, 1982 – Elsevier., Volume 83, Issues 1–2, 10 March 1982, Pages 71–90.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Groundwater Investigation and Characterisation in Marigat Area, Baringo County Using Electrical Resistivity Method |
| Country | : | Kenya |
| Authors | : | Hezekiah K. Cherop. || Lucy Muchiri. || Githiri J. Gitonga. || Willis J. Ambusso |
Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of electrical resistivity data collected in Marigat area revealed the possible presence of 3-6 geoelectric layers which were categorized into three inhomogeneous formations. This data integrated with borehole data shows that the first formation represents alluvial deposits while the second formation comprising of weathered and fractured basalts and tuffs located along the sedimentary basin is good for groundwater extraction at shallow depths ranging between 35m–50m. Other deeper aquifers were also noted in the third formation with very low resistivity values ranging between 0.0685Ωm and 0.222 Ωm showing a possible geothermal fluid with high salinity. Dar Zarrouk parameters were computed and used alongside the pumping tests to estimate the aquifer hydrologic properties. It was found that the hydraulic conductivity values range between 0.614m/day – 56.934m/day while the transmissivity values range between 13.569m2/day – 1429.052m2/day. The regions with high transmissivities and hydraulic conductivities were interpreted as the fractured and weathered zones with high yield potential for potable groundwater development at shallow depths and a possible geothermal basement in the deep aquifers.
Key Words: Aquifers, Dar Zarrouk parameters, geothermal basement, groundwater, resistivity.
[1] C. Simiyu, J. Gichira, R. Mwakirani, A. Wamalwa, D. Kangogo and Y. Noor, Resistivity studies of the lake Baringo Geothermal
Prospect, Kenya: Proc. Kenya Geothermal conference, Kenyatta International Conference Centre, Nairobi, November 21-22, 2011
[2] J. Walsh, "Geology of the Eldama Ravine-Kabarnet area," Report of the Geological survey of Kenya, no.83, pp.48, 1969.
[3] C. J. Roure, M. A. Gail, B.W. Carol, D. Rachel, P. Lisa, C.H. Victoria, O. Barnhart and M. Sally, Tufa as a record of Perennial
Fresh water in a semi-arid rift basin, Kapthurin Formation, Kenya, Journal of Sedimentology, (56), 2009, 1115-1137.
[4] G.R. Chapman and M. Brook, Chronostratigraphy of the Baringo basin, Kenya, Geological Background to fossil man (Scottish
Academic Press, Edinburgh, 1978) 207-223.
[5] JICA Report, The second preparatory survey on project for rural water supply in Baringo County in the Republic of Kenya (CTI
Engineering International Co., Ltd: OYO International Corp, November, 2011) 10-15.
http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/618_407.html.
[6] J. Mungania, P. Omenda, N. Mariita, C. Karingithi, J. Wambugu, S. Simiyu, C. Ofwona, P. Ouma, Z. Muna, K. Opondo, B.
Kubo, G. Wetangu'la, and J. Lagat, Geo-scientific resource evaluation of the Lake Baringo geothermal prospect, Kenya Electricity
Generating Company Limited, internal report, 2004.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation Of Groundwater Potential Using Geoelectric Method In Mutito Fault Zone, Kitui County, Kenya |
| Country | : | Kenya |
| Authors | : | Mwangi L. W || Munyithya J. M. || Githiri J. G. || K'orowe M. O. |
Abstract: Vertical electrical resistivity soundings was conducted in order to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Mutito fault zone. A total of ten vertical electrical soundings were conducted using schlumberger configuration with current electrode spacing (AB/2) ranging from 1 to 160m. The field data were smoothened and interpreted using electrical imaging computer software IPI2WIN. From this interpretation three different curve types were obtained from the acquired data; HA-type, QH-type and KH-type indicating presence of a four layered subsurface. The aquifer layer was identified as the third layer having depths varying between 44.4 to 130m, while thickness ranges from 43.2 to 124m. The layer parameters thus obtained from the analysis were used to estimate the Dar-Zarrouk parameters.
[1]. Anudu G., Onuba L. and Ufondu L. Geo-electric sounding for groundwater exploration in the crystalline basement terrain around Onipe and Adjoining areas, southwestern Nigeria, Journal of applied technology in environmental sanitation, 1 (4), (2011), 343-354.
[2]. Okiongbo K. and Odubo E. Geoelectric Sounding for the Determination of Aquifer Transmissivity in Parts of Bayelsa State, South South Nigeria, Journal of Water Resource and Protection,4, (2012), 346-353.
[3]. Kuria D., Gachari M., Macharia M. and Mungai M. Mapping groundwater potential in Kitui District, Kenya using geospatial technologies, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 4(1), (2012), 15-16
[4]. Saggerson E. Geology of South Kitui area, Geological Survey of. Kenya, 1, (1957), 37.
[5]. Nyamai C., Mathu E., Opiyo N. and Wallbrecher E. A Reappraisal of the Geology, geochemistry, structures and tectonics of the Mozambique belt in Kenya, East of the Rift system, African Journal of Science and Technology Science and Engineering Series, 4 (2) , (2003),51-71.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Surface and sub surface soil mapping using geological and geotechnical investigation for Western Cauvery Delta, Thanjavur and Thiruvarur Districts, Tamil Nadu, India. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Mr C. Sankar || Dr S. Senthamil Kumar || Dr. C. Lakshumanan |
Abstract:Subsurface investigation is ascertaining, Properties and types of soil at various depths in study area.
This finding is useful for geologist, geotechnical engineers and Agricultural scientist. Selected site in study area,
the envoy sub surface soil sample has collected with help of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) sampling
techniques. Collected sub surface soil sample has tested in Laboratory and resulting soil properties are
tabulated. From geo referenced Tamil Nadu soil prepared by National Bureau of soil survey and Land use
Planning (ICAR), Nagpur, Department of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu, the soil unit has mapped with help of Arc
MAP. Study area Key map, soil sample location map has prepared From LISS IV image data and Survey of
India Topo sheets. Using Garmin GPS the Geo coordinate has observed while sampling on different site on the
Study area.
Key Words: Arc map, Density, Geo coordinate, GPS, Sampling and SPT.
[1]. Ahuja, R.L.J. Indian society of remote sensing. 1992,Vol. 20:105-120.
[2]. Agbu, P.A. and A. G. Ojanuga. (1989). Properties and classification of soils of Dange area of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Samaru Journal of Agricultural Research, 6:37-47
[3]. Bolton M. D. (1986). The strength and dilatancy of sands. Geotechnique, vol. 36, p. 65-78. Fitz, Patrick, E.A. Soils. Longman, New York,1983.
[4]. Eswaran, H. (1977). Soil Analysis for Soil Surveys. In: Soil Resource Inventories. A proceedings of a workshop held at Cornell University, Ithaca, USA, pp 315-324
[5]. Velayutham, M. 1999. National Soil Resources Mapping.National Beurau of Soil Survey and Landuse Planning.Nagpur, India.
[6]. Yakubu M. (2001). Survey, Classification and Genesis of soils of Kalambaina area, Sokoto State, Nigeria. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (Unpublished
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Petrophysical Evaluation of Middle Jurassic Reservoirs, Shams Oil Field, North Western Desert, Egypt. |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Eysa, E. A. |
Abstract: The Western Desert is one of the most promising areas for hydrocarbon exploration and production in Egypt. The present work aims to evaluate the petrophysical reservoir characteristics and the lithology of Middle Jurassic Upper Safa reservoir (middle part of Khattatba Formation) in Shams oil field, North Western Desert, Egypt. Five wells (Shams-1x, Shams-2x, Shams-3, Shams-4 and Shams-8) were utilized for this study. They are analyzed for evaluating the different petrophysical parameters of the Middle Jurassic Upper Safa reservoir. The well log analysis of the Upper Safa reservoir, including data editing and data correction, are used in determination of lithology and porosity using density-neutron crossplots. The results of density-neutron cross plots revealed that, the lithology of Upper Safa reservoir is mainly sandstone with some calcareous cement.
[1]. El Ayouty, M. K., Petroleum geology. In: Said, R. (Ed.), the Geology of Egypt. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1990, 567–599.
[2]. EGPC (Egypt ian General Petroleum Corporat ion), Western Desert , oil and Gas fields, A comprehensive overview , 11th EGPC
conference, Cairo, 1-4310, 1992.
[3]. Said, R., The geology of Egypt. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam New York, 1962, 377 p.
[4]. Abdine, A. S. & Deibis, S., Oil potent ialit ies of Lower Cretaceous sediments in Northern Western Desert . 8th Arab Pet. Conf.,
1972, 24 p.
[5]. Meshref, W. M., Abdel Baki, S. H., Abdel Hady, H. M. & Soliman, S. A., Magnet ic trend analysis in Norhern part of Arabian-
Nubian Shield and its tectonic implicat ions. Ann. Geol. Survey, Egypt , 10, 1980, 939-953.
[6]. Meshref, W. M., Regional Structural Sett ing of Northern Egypt . EGPC 6th Expl. Sem., Cairo, 1982, 11 p.
[7]. Abu El Naga, M., Paleozoic and Mesozoic depocenters and hydrocarbon generat ing areas, North Western Desert . EGPC 7th Expl.
Sem. Cairo, 1984, 8 p.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Mineral Composite Assessment of Al-Hindiya in Iraq By Means of Remote Sensing |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Amal M. Saleh |
Abstract: Remote sensing is the science of acquiring, processing, and interpreting images and related data, acquired from aircraftand satellites,that record the interaction between matter and electromagnetic energy.In geologic terms Landsatprovides data especially useful formineral exploration.It can be used to identify areas containing minerals useful in the search for mineral deposits,including iron oxides and/or hydroxides (hematite, goethite, and limonite); clays (kaolinite, dickite, and montmorillonite);and carbonates (calcite, and dolomite).Utilizing remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) tools, mineral composite characteristics (heavy minerals, light minerals, and clay minerals) of Al-Hindiya in Iraq were investigated and mapped. Mineral composite (MC) index maps were produced from one LANDSAT-ETM+satellite image taken in 2015 resulting by GIS.
[1]. Al-Ali,S. H.2010. Geochemical and mineralogical study of the fluvial deposits at Abul Khasib area, south east of Iraq.Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci.25(2): 154-165. [2]. Albadran, B. 2006. Sedimentology and mineralogy of the Al-Hammar Marsh / Southern Iraq: A review. Marsh Bulletin, 1(1): 32-39. [3]. Al-Dabbas M.; M. A. Abbas; and R. Al- Khafaji. 2011. The mineralogical and micro-organisms effects of regional dust stormsover Middle East region.International Journal of Water Resources and Arid Environments, 1(2): 129-141.
[4]. Allan, T. 2001.The Middle East Water Question: Hydropolitics and the Global Economy.Publisher I.B.Tauris.
[5]. Al-Marsoumi, A. M. H.; and M. H. A. Al-Jabbri. 2007. Basrah Soils;Geochemical Aspects and PhysicalProperties- A Review. Basrah Journal of Scienec,.25(1): 89-103. [6]. Al-Ramadan, B. 2012. Mineral Exploration Using GIS.CRP 514: Introduction to GIS.City and Regional Planning Department, King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals. [7]. Al-Rawi, I. K. 1977. Sedimentological study of the alluvial plain deposits in Diwania area. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Baghdad University.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Case for Large Scale Mineral Exploration in Hard Rock Environments using Seismic Reflection Method |
| Country | : | Australia |
| Authors | : | Okan Evans Onojasun |
Abstract: The seismic reflection method provides the possibility for delineation of very complex geological and this method might be good for detecting the presence of Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) deposits. Despite many technically superior attributes, no arguments for regional seismic exploration have been proposed; probably because a cost-benefit analysis has never been conducted at such a scale. In this study we analyze such a case by modelling a Hillside IOCG deposit scenario where 2D seismic with relatively sparse source-receiver geometry is used to detect the presence of a possible intrusive package near a deep fault.
[1]. Aldam Geoscience (2014): Hydrogeological Summary Report of Hillside: www.rexminerals.com.au
[2]. AngloGold Ashanti, 2012 Annual Integrated Report. Available online: www.anglogoldashanti.com. Webpage visited 08/08/2014
[3]. Drummond, B.J., Goleby, B. R., Own, A. J., Yeates, A. N., Swager, C., Zhang, Y., and Jackson, J. K., 2000, Seismic reflection imaging of mineral systems: Three case histories: Geophysics, 65, 1852- 1861.
[4]. Greenhalgh, S.A., and Mason, I. M., 1997, Seismic imaging with application to mine layout and development, in Gubins, A., Ed., Geophysics and geochemistry at the millennium:
[5]. Hammer, P.T.C., Clowes, R.M., and Ramachandran, K., 2004, Seismic reflection imaging of thin, kimberlite dykes and sills: exploration and deposit characterization of the Snap Lake dyke, Canada: Lithos, 76, 259-367.
[6]. Harrison, C.B., and Urosevic, M., 2012. Seismic processing, inversion and AVO for gold exploration –Case study from Western Australia. Geophysics, 77, WC235-WC243.
[7]. Hatherly, P.J., Urosevic, M., Lambourne, A., and Evans, Brian.J., 1994, A simple approach to calculating refraction statics corrections: Geophysics, 59, no. 1, 156-160.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Geomechanical Evaluation of an onshore oil field in the Niger Delta, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Fidelis Ankwo Abijah || Akaha Celestine Tse |
Abstract:Wellbore failure reportedly accounts for more than 10% of drilling non productive time in the Niger
Delta. Rock mechanical properties critical to wellbore stability, well design, fracking, sanding prediction and
production planning were evaluated in 3 wells in an onshore field, western Niger Delta using 4-arm caliper,
gamma ray, density and sonic logs, leak off tests and seismic data in an onshore field, Eastern Niger Delta. The
stratigraphic units between 2000 and 3000 m depth investigated are the typical interlayered, normal to
abnormal pressured shales and sandstones of the Agbada Formation. Wellbore breakouts were predominant in
shales and weak shaly sandstones across the lithologic units.
[1]. H. Kulke, Nigeria, in, Kulke, H., ed. Regional Petroleum Geology of the World. Part II: Africa, America, Australia and Antarctica,
(Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger 1995) 143-172.
[2]. D. Moos,Geomechanics Applied to Drilling Engineering. In Lake, W. L and Mitchel, R. F. eds. Drilling Engineering (2006) Vol. II
pp 1 – 173.
[3]. J. Cook, A.F. Rene, K. Hasbo, S. Green, A. Judzis, J.W. Martiu, R.Suarez-Rivera, H.Jorg, P. Hooyman, D.Lee, S. Noerth, C.
Sayers, N.Koutsabelloulis, R. Marsden, M.G. Stage, and C.P. Tan, Rocks matter: Ground truth in geomechanics. Oil Review,2007,
36 – 55.
[4]. D. Denney, 3D Geomechanical modeling of optimizes drilling in the Llanos Orientales basin, Columbia. Journal of Petroleum
Technology, 63 (9), 2011, 86 – 88.
[5]. W. Al-Kattan andN.J. Al-Ameri, Estimation of the Rock Mechanical Properties Using Conventional Log Data in North Rumaila
Field.Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering13(4), 2012, 27- 33
[6]. M.O. Eshkalk, S.D. Mohaghegh and S. Esmaila, Geomechanical Properties of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs. Journal of
Petroleum Engineering Article ID 961641, 2014, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/961641
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Diagenetic Impact on Eocene Sands of Upper Ameki Group, Southeastern Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Etimita Osuwake Omini || Beka Francis Thomas || Etu-Efeotor John Ovwata |
Abstract:The fabric properties of the Eocene sand unit of the Upper Ameki Group evolve with time as minerals
tend to attain equilibrium with the environment and show heterogeneities that vary spatially. The
unconsolidated sands are composed mainly of quartz, plagioclase, feldspar and kaolinite while the sandstone is
composed dominantly of quartz, hematite, and goethite with no significant presence of kaolinite. This study
identifies and evaluates in macro- and micro-scale, the various diagenetic imprints on these Eocene litho-units.
It, therefore, further enumerates the impact of these post-depositional changes on fabric characteristics, which
are dependent on mineral stability, mineral presence and properties of aqueous fluids in pores.
Keywords: Compaction, Dehydration, Diagenesis, Dissolution; Fracturing; Weathering; Replacement
[1]. P. J. Hawkins, Relationship between diagenesis, porosity reduction and oil replacement in Late Carboniferous sandstone reservoirs,
Bothamsall oilfield, E. Midlands. Journal of Geological Society of London, 135, 1978, 7–24.
[2]. S. D. Burley and J. D. Kantorowicz, Thin section and SEM textural criteria for the recognition of cement-dissolution porosity in
sandstones, Sedimentology, 33, 1986, 587–604.
[3]. D. L. Rodrigo and F. D. R. Luiz, The role of depositional setting and diagenesis on the reservoir quality of Devonian sandstones
from the Solimones Basin, Brazilian Amazonia, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 19, 2002, 1047–1071.
[4]. S. A. Stonecipher, R. D. Jr. Winn and M. G. Bishop, Diagenesis of the Frontier Formation, Moxa Arch: a function of sandstone
geometry, texture and composition, and fluid flux, in D. A. McDonald, and R. C. Surdam, eds., Clastic Diagenesis, AAPG Memoir,
37, 1984, 289–316.
[5]. C. S. Nwajide, Geology of Nigeria's sedimentary basins (CSS Press, 2013), 381-504.
[6]. C. S. Nwajide, A lithostratigraphic analysis of the Nanka Sands, South-eastern Nigeria, Journal of Mining and Geology, 16, 1979,
100-110.
[7]. J. S. Chester, S. C. Lenz, F. M. Chester, and R. A. Lang, Mechanism of compaction of quartz sands at diagenetic condition, EPSL.
220, 2004,.435-451.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Tectonic Patterns Interpreted From Ground Magnetic Survey of Part of Southern Margin of Hawal Basement Complex, Northeast Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Agbo Peter || Nsikak E. Bassey |
Abstract:Ground Magnetic survey was done using a proton precession magnetometer to delineate lineament
patterns and to see their relationship to the tectonics framework of the Hawal Basement Complex. The study
area geologically is made up of gneisses, granite and basalt. Bima sandstone occurs as sedimentary unit in the
area. The magnetic anomalies show short-wavelengths of positive polarity, which indicate shallow/superficial
sources. The anomalies also show two dominant trends in the NE – SW and NW – SE. These correlate with
emplacement directions of basalts and directions of flow of major rivers. These directions are consistent with
mapped structural (foliational/fracture) trends in the Hawal Basement Complex. Field geological observation
also shows NE-SW dextral strike slip fault which is also typical of the adjoining Benue Trough tectonics. 2-D
modeling of magnetic anomalies gave depths to basic intrusive of > 500 m. This work has shed more light on the
occurrences and emplacements of basic rocks beyond what is presently known/ published.
Keywords: magnetic anomalies, lineaments, basic extrusive & intrusive, tectonics, Benue Trough.
[1]. Goki, NG, Amadi, AN, Olasehinde, PI, Dada SS., Ikpokonte, EA, and Adekeye, J,D. Appraising the structural geology of Kakuri
Sheet 144: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the basement complex. Jour. of Eng. and Tech. Research.2011; 3(2), 26-36.
[2]. Feumoe, A N S., Theophile N., Eliezer M., and JAMES DF, Delineation of tectonic lineaments using aeromagnetic data for the
south-east Cameroon area. 2012 GEOFIZIKA 2012; (29) 176-192.
[3]. Athens, ND, Glen, J M G, Morin, R L. and Klemperer, S L,). ATV magnetometer systems for efficient ground magnetic surveying
[computer software and manual]. From: The Leading Edge, 2011; 394 – 398.
[4]. SAMAILA, N K, ABUBAKAR, MB, DIKE, EFC. & OBAJE, NG. Description of soft-sediment deformation structures in the
Cretaceous Bima Sandstone from the Yola Arm, Upper Benue Trough, Northeastern Nigeria. J. African Earth Sciences. (2006) 44;
66-74.
[5]. GIBSON, R I. and MILLEGAN, PS. Geology applications of gravity and magnetic: Case histories. Society of Exploration
Geophysicist.1998; 170, 162. DOI:10.1190/1.9781560801832
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Rhotrix Sub-Element Subgroups of The LoubR Magic Square Infinite Additive Abelian Group |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Adamu H. || Babayo A.M. |
Abstract: By the requisite infinite additive abelian group over the Loube ́re ́ Magic Square, it is needless to be clarified that the underlining multiset of entries of the square is of the integer number. The Rhotrix Sub-elements of the squares are the rhomboid array of number that are sitting in the magic squares. The matrix sub-elements have analogous meaning and are considered babyish tautology, but we eclectic the two sub-elements to get the Rhotrix-Matrix Method of Construction of the Loube ́re ́ Magic Squares. It is also showcased via concrete examples that the rhotrix sub-element of the Loube ́re ́ Magic Squares form infinite additive abelian group. And, the rhotrix sub-element subgroup of the Loube ́re ́ Magic Square of roots of unity is explicated. Mathematics Subject Classification: 20 Keywords and Phrases: Solvable by Radicals, Index, Symmetry Group, Integral Domain and Unary Operation.
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