IOSR-JAP   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2023

ABSTRACT: We introduce a new definition of light

Keywords: Light, definition of light, the theoretical physics, , photon, speed of light, neutrinos, electrons, electromagnetic waves, the photoelectric effect, acceleration, Newton, [1] Lorentz [2] Transformation equation for the fourth dimension, Solitary waves, Maxwell's [3] equations, Max Planck, [4] Equations Einstein's [5] equations for photoelectricity and M. Helmy Said, [6], Transformation equations for the fifth dimension, [7] Infinity theory for the Fifth DimensionKeywords
Light, definition of light, the theoretical physics, , photon, speed of light, neutrinos, electrons, electromagnetic waves, the photoelectric effect, acceleration, Newton, [1] Lorentz [2] Transformation equation for the fourth dimension, Solitary waves, Maxwell's [3] equations, Max Planck, [4] Equations Einstein's [5] equations for photoelectricity and M. Helmy Said, [6], Transformation equations for the fifth dimension, [7] Infinity theory for the Fifth Dimension

Newton, (1)
[1]. Newton, I., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London 1672, 80, 3075–3087.
[2]. Takuwa, Y., Historia scientiarum 2013, 23, 113–140.
[3]. Newton, I., Opticks, William Innys, 1730 (1704).
[4]. Hooke, R., The History of the Royal Society 1757 (1672), 3, 10–15..

ABSTRACT: The gamma-ray shielding properties ofsome MAX-phase titanium carbide ceramicmaterials werecomputationally investigated, as potentialcoating layers on the canisters in spent fuel dry storage casks using MicroShield software package. It was observed that titanium silicon carbide Ti3SiC2 exhibited the highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients, lowest half-value layer (HVL) and mean-free path (MFP) values,while titanium aluminum carbideTi2AlC showed the highest rate of exposure to gamma radiation and Ti3SiC2 showed the lowest rate.The MAX-phase titanium carbide with silicon has higher molar mass and provides higher mass attenuation coefficient than the one with aluminum inclusion. Coating the outer wall of thecanister with a thin layer of MAX-phase titanium carbide material can provide additional shielding and a diffusion barrier, which enhances the performance of the high-level spent fuel storage in drycasks

Keyword Shielding properties; MAX-phase; Canister coating; Drycask; MicroShield

[1]. Zeinab Y. Alsmadi, Mohamed A. Bourham, "Shielding and corrosion properties of the Alloy 709 as canister material for spent nuclear fuel dry casks", Defense Technology, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2022.08.002.
[2]. Zeinab Y. Alsmadi, Mohamed Bourham, "Shielding Properties of Alloy 709 Advanced Austenitic Stainless Steel as Candidate Canister Material in Spent Fuel Dry Casks", International Journal of Physics and Research, vol. 10, Issue. 2, pp. 11-26 (2020).
[3]. Muhammad Arif Sazali, Nahrul Khair Alang Md Rashid and Khaidzir Hamzah, "A Review on Multilayer Radiation Shielding", 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 555 012008.
[4]. Yousra Hayouni, Wissem Gallala, Mohamed Essghaier Gaied, Johann Plank, Mohamed Bourham and Zeinab Alsmadi, "Enhanced Shielding and Mechanical Properties of White Cement Mortars via Celestobarite Fine Aggregate", International Journal of General Engineering and Technology, vol. 10, Issue. 3, pp. 1-16, May 31st (2021).
[5]. Zeinab Y. Alsmadi, Mohamed A. Bourham, "Shielding Properties of 316 Stainless Steel with Multi-layered barriers for Spent Fuel Drycasks", International Journal of Physics and Research, vol. 11, Issue. 1, pp. 5-20, June 30th (2021)..

ABSTRACT: As explained in the structure of an atom we came to know that there are four types of orbitals s, p, d and f. Orbitals are 3-D regions within which there is the probability of finding an electron within an atom. Electrons within them can move in a random motion so we cannot detect the movement of an electron, which is totally guided by the force of attraction due to weak nuclear force between the protons in the nucleus and the electrons. Orbitals can be merged to form hybridized orbitals such as s orbital and p orbital and make bonds between two atoms. Orbitals can accommodate only a limited number of electrons in them. Orbitals p, d and f also have sub parts like in p there is px, py and pz. Orbitals have specific shapes like p is having lobe shape boundaries. But, this doesn't explain its working completely and we are not able to understand what it exactly is. So there were some drawbacks of the earlier idea of orbitals which are explained below.

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ABSTRACT: The Dielectric losses are theoretically investigated for CaxSr1-xTiO3 and PbxSr1-xTiO3 mixed crystal perovskites in para-electric phase as a function of composition and temperature. In our calculation, we used the Silverman Joseph`s Hamiltonian augmented with fourth order phonon co-ordinates using double time temperature dependent Green`s Function technique. Dielectric loss is calculated for various value of x (x=0.0 to 1.0)). The substitutional impurity dependent dielectric losses (tan δ)D increases with increases in composition x and Dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) decreases with increasing temperature at constant values of x. In the para-electric phase, the dielectric loss decreases with increasing temperature showing the Curie-Weiss behavior of the tangent loss.

Keywords:- Dielectric losses, Single crystal, Perovskites, anharmonicity, Retarted Green's function, Hamiltonian.

[1]. Kumar Sunil, Yadav M. S., Sharma Neetu and Deorani S. C., Innovation The Research Concept, Vol. 5,issue 12(2021) pp.107-109
[2]. Kumar Sunil, Yadav M. S., Sharma Neetu and Deorani S. C., IOSR Journal Of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) Vol.14, Issue 5 Ser. I (2022), PP 24-33
[3]. Naithani U. C. , Panwar N. S. and Semwal B.S., Indian J Pure & Appl Phys 38, 196,(2000).
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ABSTRACT: Nickel oxide thin films doped with aluminum have been fabricated using advanced SILAR deposition technique on glass substrates. These films have been characterized using Rutherford backscattering for elemental composition and thickness measurements, UV double beam spectrophotometer 1800 series for optical measurements. Ni2O3:Al thin films have high transmission in the wave length range of 300–1100 nm. The film samples A1 and A2 have average band gap of 3.25eV ± 0.05eV

[1]. Sun, H., Chen, S.C., Peng, W.C., Wen, C.K., Wang, X. & Chuang, T.H. The Influence of Oxygen Flow Ratio on the Optoelectronic Properties of p-Type Ni1−xO Films Deposited by Ion Beam Assisted Sputter. Coatings 2018, 8, 168.
[2]. Kitao, M., Izawa, K., Urabe, K., Komatsu, T., Kuwano, S. & Yamada, S. Preparation and electrochromic properties of rf-sputtered NiOx films prepared in Ar/O2/H2 atmosphere. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 33, 6656–6662.
[3]. Kumagai, H., Matsumoto, M., Toyoda, K. & Obara, M. Preparation and characteristics of nickel oxide thin film by controlled growth with sequential surface chemical reactions. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 1996, 15, 1081–1083.
[4]. Tiwari, S.D. & Rajeev, K.P. Magnetic properties of NiO nanoparticles. Thin Solid Film. 2006, 505, 113–117.
[5]. Arif, M., Sanger, A., Shkir, M., Singh, A. & Katiyar, R.S. Influence of interparticle interaction on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of NiO nanoparticles. Phys. B 2019, 552, 88–95.

ABSTRACT: This research work proves that the kinetic energy of a body or particle with a defined mass and moving under uniform velocity could be defined without its mass and velocity and momentum as well, contrary to the conventional wisdom. A novel formula for kinetic energy has also been derived in this work, using which it is possible to find the kinetic energy of a body purely based on its frequency of motion alone, without the need of its mass and velocity and momentum as well. A novel equation for the momentum of a body has also been derived, which proves that the momentum of a body could be found without its velocity of motion.

Key Words: Kinetic Energy, mass, velocity, frequency, motion, particle, moving particle, momentum, wave, wave length, uniform velocity

[1]. Physics – Part I – by Resnick&Halliday – Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi (1990), p.141;
[2]. Physics – Part I – by Resnick&Halliday – Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi (1990), p.142;
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: Setup errors in patient positioning during radiotherapyhave a vital role in the tumor control and overdose of normal tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the setup errors for patients who were treated with different sites using electronic portal imaging device (EPID). Methods: A total of 770 fractions were analyzed from 152 patients; 15 brain, 20 head and neck, 37 left breast, 30 right breast and 50 bladder cases. Setup offsets between reference image and acquired image using EPID werecalculated using MOSAIQ software. Results: The average.....

Keywords: EPID; Patient setup verification, MOSAIQ.

[1]. Cancer Management Guidelines: Breast. Vancouver, BC: British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2003.
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ABSTRACT: Ethics approval There are no human participants in the study and all procedures in studies were in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards......

[1]. Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy
[2]. BYJU's, https://byjus.com/jee/entropy/.

ABSTRACT: Glass series of different ZnO content with composition xZnO.10CaO.30TeO2.(60-x)B2O3; (x=0 to 20 mol % with a of 5 mol %) was fabricated by conventional melt quenching method. The non-crystalline nature of the produced glasses were verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The Raman spectra confirmed different vibration modes of constituents of glass matrix and also the structural changes with varying ZnO content. To study transport properties, AC conductivity measurements were carried out on the glass system in the frequency range 5Hz-35MHz. The conductivity have been studied in two regions as frequency dependent and frequency independent. It is also purely a function of temperature. The conductivity results were good at high temperature and frequency. For all studied glasses......

Keywords: Raman studies, Structural studies, AC conductivity, Cole-Cole plots

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[2]. G. Ferlat, A.P. Seitsonen, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, Nat. Mater.11 (2012) 925–929.
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ABSTRACT: In Physics , a physical body or physical object is an identifiable collection of matter , which may be constrained by an identiable boundary , and move as a unit by translation or rotation ,in 3-dimensional space .The boundary is usually the visible or tangible surface of the object .Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts .Physiology is the study of the function of the bodyparts and the body as a whole . Life processes of the human body are maintained at several levels of structural organization . These include the chemical ,celluar , tissue , organ , organ system and the organism level ...

Key Words Fundamental particles, Hydrogen,Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Mesons, Neutrinos

[1]. Book – Physics of the Human Body
[2]. Author Irving P. Herman

ABSTRACT: The growth of the human population, currently the highest of all time at more than 8 billion, requires a greater expenditure of energy. In order to solve the energy problem, there are many different candidates, such as fossil fuels, solar energy, wind energy, etc. However, different sources of energy have different advantages and disadvantages, meaning more than just a single energy source is sufficient for global usage. As a candidate, nuclear energy usage has been steeply growing in certain countries in the last few decades. This paper will look into the impact of using nuclear energy, the cause of utilizing nuclear power, and the situation of different countries regarding their decision on the usage of nuclear energy. Specifically, the relationship between the economy of countries represented in the form of GDP and the usage of nuclear power will be reviewed.....

Keywords: Energy expenditure, energy sources, nuclear power, economy. Subject: Psychology

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