IOSR-JAP   Volume-2 ~ Issue-3 ~ Nov–Dec 2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1981 – 2009).
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Atoyebi Kehinde .O, Adekunjo Felix .O, Kadiri Kayode .I, Ogundeji Musibau .O.
	:	10.9790/4861-0230107

Abstract: This study seeks to determine the direction of causality between energy consumption (EC) and economic growth (EG), using annual data from 1981 to 2009. In our empirical analysis, we run an ordinary least square test to verify the statistical significance of the variables used and augmented form of Granger causality test to identify the direction of the relationship between these variables in the short run. Empirical investigations reveal that two variables are statistically significant at 5% and these variables are gross fixed capital formation and total labour force and they are positively related to real GDP while other variables such as crude oil consumption, coal consumption are positively related to real GDP but not statistically significant. Total electricity consumption on its own exert a negative influence on real GDP and also not statistically significant. ,
Key words: Energy consumption, Economic growth, electricity consumption, Nigeria.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Determination of Potassium – 40 (40k) Concentration in Some Powdered Milk Samples Consumed In Delta State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	K. Emumejaye
	:	10.9790/4861-0230812

Abstract:This work is based on the determination of 40K in samples of powdered milk consumed in Delta State and also a brief discussion of radioactivity transference from the environment to mankind. Ten samples of milk were collected and analyzed for radioactivity concentration. The measurements were performed using a Laboratory fluorimeter, Models CBS- 380. The results obtained for the milk sample were compared to world Health organization (WHO) standard to ensure its safety to human consumption and were found to be lower than the permissible limits. Thus, there is full confidence in consumption of these milk brands.
Keywords: Potassium – 40, Radionuclides,Radioactivity,Half life,Concentration

[1] Afshari Sarayegord N. Abbasisiar F., Abdolmaleki P., Ghaiassi Nejad M. (2009) : Environmental Radiation protection Division , National Radiation protection Department (NRPD)
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[5] Farai I.P, Oni O.M (2002): Natural Radionuclide concentration in Aquatic species and Absorbed dose Equivalent to the dwellers of the coastal area of Nigeria. Nig. Journal of phy. 14:94-97
[6] Fortune P., Brambilla M., Speroni F. (2004): Folia uptake of 137cs and 86sr in strawberry as function by leafage. Journal of Environmental radioactivity, 71:187-199
[7] Jibiri N.N, Farai I.P. (1998): Assessment of dose and collective effective dose equivalent due to terrestrial gamma radiation in the city of Lagos, Nigeria. Rad. Protect. Dosin. 76(3):191-194
[8] Melquiades F.L, Appoloni C.R (2004): Natural Radiation levels In powered milk samples. Ciene. Tecnol. Aliment.campinas. 24(4): 501-504.out .dez.
[9] Olomo J.B (1990): Natural radionuclide content of some Nigeria foodstuffs. Nucl. Inst. and method in phys .Res .A299:666-669.
[10] Tang S. Chen Z., Zheg (2003): uptake of 137 Cs in the shout of Amaranthus trivolor and Amaranthus cruentus. Environmental pollution 125: 305-313.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential with the Poschl-Teller Non-central potential Using NU Method
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	C. Cari1, A.Suparmi
	:	10.9790/4861-0231323

Abstract:The approximate analytical solution of Schrodinger equation for Scarf potential plus trigonometricPoschl-Teller potential is investigated using Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The bound state energy eigenvalues are given in the close form and the corresponding radial and angular eigenfunctions are formulated in the form of the generalized Jacobi Polynomials. The trigonometric Poschl-Teller potential causes the energy of Scarf potensial decreases as the orbital quantum number increases. The energy spectrum and the radial wave function of Scarf potential are produced by the absent of Poschl-Teller potential.
Keywords: Nikiforov-Uvarov method, Schrodinger equation, Trigonometric Scarf I, Poschl-Teller potential.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comprehensive Study on Energy Absorption and Exposure Buildup Factors for some Soils and Ceramic Materials
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sandeep Gupta, Gurdeep Singh Sidhu
	:	10.9790/4861-0232430

Abstract:Study of gamma ray energy absorption (EABF) and exposure buildup factors (EBF) for some essential soils, ceramic materials in the energy region 0.015-15 MeV up to a penetration depth of 40 mfp (mean free path). To calculate both EABF and EBF, five parameter geometric progressions (G-P) fitting approximation has been used. Variation of EABF and EBF with incident photon energy, penetration depth and effective atomic number (Zeff) has been studied and presented in the form of graphs. This change results from the dominance of different interaction process in different energy regions. Significant variations were also observed between EABF and EBF which may due to different chemical composition of given materials.
Keywords: Cascade silt loam (CSL), Energy absorption buildup factor, Exposure buildup factor, Kaolinite (KLN), Mica, Sand.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Phase Transition & Approximate Partition Function In Ising Model and Percolation In Two Dimension: Specifically For Square Lattices
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Md. Hasanuzzaman
	:	10.9790/4861-0233137

Abstract:We study the percolation behavior of in two dimensional Ising model with spontaneous magnetization for pure and diluted lattices containing spins. Expression for partition function is calculated for pure lattice and is applied to find out the same for diluted lattices. Specific example is taken for nearest neighbor interaction in two dimensional square lattices and validity range of the calculation is checked. Behavior of partition function is studied at different temperatures and at different number of spins.
Keywords:Ising model, Percolation, Partition function, Diluted Ising Model, Critical Temperature

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assessment of Natural Radionuclides Level in Wasteland Soils around Olusosun Dumpsite Lagos, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Oladapo O.O.*, Oni E.A., Olawoyin A.A., Akerele O.O., Tijani S.A.
	:	10.9790/4861-0233843

Abstract:The natural radionuclide level in wasteland soil around Olusosun dumpsite Ojota, Nigeria were measured using a highly shielded Canberra Na(Tl) detector, a type of gamma-ray spectrometer. A total of 30 samples (15 from active site and 15 from dormant site) were analyzed. The mean value of 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations determined for soil samples from the active dumpsite were 69.69 ± 19.10 Bqkg-1, 14.49 ± 3.22 Bqkg-1 and 409.44 ± 86.08 Bqkg -1 respectively. For the soil samples from the dormant dumpsite, the mean value of 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations were 61.25 ± 21.82 Bqkg-1, 12.08 ± 1.74 Bqkg-1 and 345.98 ± 56.92 Bqkg -1 respectively. The mean value of 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations for soil samples from both the active and dormant dumpsites were higher than the permissible global values of 52.2 Bqkg -1, 41.0 Bqkg-1 and 230.0 Bqkg-1 respectively by UNSCEAR. The mean annual effective dose obtained for soil sample from active dumpsite is 0.2767 while 0.2550 was obtained for soil samples from the dormant dumpsites. Both were found to be below the recommended standard by UNSCEAR. All the soil samples analyzed for both the active and dormant dumpsites met the safety criteria by UNSCEAR and hence do not pose any radiological hazards to human health. However, the result of statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that there is significant difference between the result of the annual effective dose for the active soil samples and the dormant soil samples
Keywords:Radionuclides, Olusosun wasteland, domant, active, landfill, dumpsite.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	SHCP: Soil Heat Calculator Program
Country	:	Iran
Authors	:	Mohammad Valipour, Seyyed Morteza Mousavi, Reza Valipour, Ehsan Rezaei
	:	10.9790/4861-0234450

Abstract:Usually the energy balance equation is used to estimate evapotranspiration. To calculating the potential evapotranspiration for long periods of time (more than a day), soil heat flux is assumed equal to zero. But in a catchment, the energy balance equation should be in terms of actual evapotranspiration is less than the potential. In this state, the amount of soil heat flux is not equal to zero. Therefore, for estimating the actual evapotranspiration, the soil heat flux calculation has great importance. In this paper, using coding in a visual basic program environment, a differential equation for the flow of water into the soil has been solved for soil heat flux calculating. Obtained results showed that the soil heat calculator program (SHCP) was an appropriate tool for calculating soil heat flux. According to the results the accuracy of the SHCP increased with over time. The amounts of R2 after 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours, were 0.991, 0.996, and 0.999, respectively, for soil heat flux at difference depths.
Keywords: Actual evapotranspiration, Energy balance equation, SHCP, Soil heat flux, Soil temperature

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