iosr-JDMS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: Kidnapping has become one of the most dangerous and traumatic threats to any person living in the comfort and safety of a secure region. Each kidnapping incident clearly tears at the hearts of families, companies and individuals, and has a significant impact on society in general. The impact of such trauma and the capacity of individuals and companies to adapt, manage and cope with such devastating events are crucial if the risks of long-term effects are to be mitigated. Of significant note also is the emotional and financial effect of such on the individual and families if the incident is unresolved in the long term. This greatly disrupts the family routine, social interaction and the employment capabilities of some families. This study presents the psychological and psychiatric considerations in a kidnapped–for-ransom victim in one of the towns in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Psychological assessment shows that the victim suffers both physical and psychological harm as a result of the negative experiences. The evaluation of psychological harm suffered by victims is important for planning treatment and giving recommendations to prevent revictimisation and avoiding the making of new victims.

Keywords: Kidnap, Psychological Harm, Nigeria, Ransom, Victim

[1]. Zannoni, I. E. (2003).Understanding and managing the threat of kidnapping. Zone website, available at http://securitysa.com/article.asp?pkl ArticleID=2443&pklIssueID=333&pklCategoryID=88. Accessed July 10, 2012.
[2]. Clutterbuck, R. (2005). Kidnap and ransom, Self-Defense Zone website, available at <http://www.selfdefender.net/ extras/kidnap.htm>, Accessed July 10, 2012.
[3]. Clayton, T. (2004).Dealing with kidnap and ransom. The John Liner Review, 18, p 7.
[4]. Ralph, J. M. (2008). Kidnap, Ransom and Extortion: Protecting your people and your bottom line. Second Quarter.Family Business, Rothstein Kass.
[5]. Hargroves, T. R. (2007). Long march to freedom: the true story of a Colombian kidnapping. p. 318.Texas A & M University Press.
[6]. Sunday Times, July 13, 2004.
[7]. Petersen, W. H. (2008). Countering the threat of kidnapping. Risk Management, 1 - 6
[8]. Mohamed, M. K. N. (2008). Kidnap for Ransom in South East Asian: The Case for a Regional Recording Standard. Asia Criminology, 3, 61-73
[9]. Grose, F. (1811). Dictionary in the Vulgar Tongue http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5402/pg5402.html Accessed August 12, 2012
[10]. Adibe, J. (2005). http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=304&catId=1 Accessed September 25, 2012

Abstract: Thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. There are rare aberrant, variations in canal number and configuration in maxillary and mandibular molars, which could affect treatment outcome. This paper presents the endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with two palatal canals and three buccal canals and mandibular first molar with two mesial and three distal canals. In this paper this morphology was confirmed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and surgical operating microscope . CBCT can provide dentists with high quality 3-dimensionals images of dental structure due to it's high spatial resolution. This paper is intended to reinforce clinician's awareness of the rare morphology of root canals

Keywords: cone-beam computed tomography scanning, five root canals , maxillary and mandibular first molar.

[1]. Kulild JC, Peters DD. Incidence and configuration of canal systems in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars. J Endod1990 ;16 : 311–317
[2]. Buhrley LJ, Barrows MJ, BeGole EA, et al. Effect of magnification on locating the MB2 canal in maxillary molars. J Endod 2002 ;28 :324–327
[3]. de Almeida-Gomes F, Maniglia-Ferreira C, Carvalho de Sousa B, et al. Six root canals in maxillary first molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009 :108: 157–159
[4]. Maggiore F, Jou YT, Kim S. A six-canal maxillary first molar: case report. Int Endod J 2002 ;35 : 486–91
[5]. Adanir N An unusual maxillary first molar with four roots and six canals:a case report. Aust Dent J 2007; 52 : 333–335
[6]. B. M. Cleghorn,W. H. Christie, and C. C. S. Dong "Root and root canal morphology of the human permanent maxillary first molar: a literature review". J Endod 2006; 32: 813-821.
[7]. S. Johal, "Unusual maxillary first molar with 2 palatal canals within a single root: a case report," J Can Dent Assoc 2001 ;67: 211–214
[8]. S. Holderrieth and C. R. Gernhardt, "Maxillary molars with morphologic variations of the palatal root canals: a report of four cases," 2009 J Endod ;35: 1060–1065.
[9]. V. Aggarwal, M. Singla, A. Logani, and N. Shah "Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with two palatal canals with the aid of spiral computed tomography: a case report," J Endod 2009 ;35: 137–139
[10]. M. Deepalakshmi, R. Miglani, R. Indira, and S. Ramachandran "Spiral CT diagnosis and endodontic management of an anatomically variant palatal root with two canals in a maxillary first molar," IJDR 2010;21: 443–445

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate retrospectively(607) patient diagnosed with hydatid cyst disease and treated surgically at the hospital of gastrointestinal and liver disease between 2000- 2012 in Baghdad city . cysticEchinococcosis affected more females 359 ( 59.14%) than males 248(40.85%). A remarkable gender differences showed towards females was observed and the male / female ratio among cystic Echinococcosis cases ≤ 21 and ≥ 70 years old was ( 29.48% ) and (1.64%) respectively . the age of patient ranged (0-<70 )years old and the age group(21-30), (31-40), years were the most affected. Housewives had the highest rate of infection (51. 40%) followed by workers in different occupations which showed a significant differences (p<0.001). similarly rural dwellers was also over – respected among the cases (51. 40%) , (48.59% urban ).

Keywords: parasitic diseases ,Echinococcosis , Zoonotic disease , Echinococcusgranulosis , Hydatidcyct.

[1]. RostamiNajad M . Jahani – Sherafat S. CherghipourK , et al ; Hydatic cyst prevalence in slaughtered animals ; A neglected health problem . J. paramed . sci. 3(3) (2012) : 25-29
[2]. HeidariZ . , MohebaliM .Zarei Z., et al ., Seroepidemeological study of human hydtidosis in Meshkinshahr district Ardabil province. Iran – Iran J. parasitol . 6(3) (2011): 19-25 .
[3]. Mahdi K. .Benyan Z. AL –Nowfial J. Hepatic hydatidosis in Man and his livestock in southern Iraq . Japanses Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene .( 1987) : 2-11 .
[4]. Benyan Z. , and Mahdi K. Pulmonary hydatidosis in man and livestock in southern Iraq . Saudi Medical Journal . 8(4) (2004 ): 402- 406 .
[5]. Al- BarwariE ., Saeed S. , Khalid W., Al – Harmani L. Human hydatidosis in Arbil , N . Iraq . Journal of Islamic academy of sciences . 4(4) (1999) : 330 -335
[6]. Al- Abassy N., Altif I ., Jawad K. , and Al- Sagur M. the prevalence of hydatid cysts in slaughtered animals in Iraq . Annals of Tropical medicine and parasitology 74 ; ( 1980) : 185 – 187 .
[7]. Mahmoud S. Studies on hydatid disease in Mousl . MSc. Thesis , University of Mousl Iraq .(1980).
[8]. Al- Sakar N. Human hydatid disease in Mousl Iraq . Medical Journal . 29 (1980) : 80- 86
[9]. Turner JA .Cestodes I. FeiginRD , Cherry D , Demmler GI , Kaplan L . Textbook of Pediatric infectious disease . 5thed . WB Sannders . (2004) : 2797 – 2816
[10]. Miabi Z., Hashemi H , Ghaffarpour M., Ghelichnia H. Media R . clinic radiological findings and treatment outcome in patient with intracranial hydatid . Acta .MedicaIranica . 43 ( 2005) : 359

Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection in infants and children. During infancy, boys are more commonly affected than girls and thereafter, female preponderance is found. Presentation varies among different age groups. Clinical features in neonates and young infants are non-specific, manifest as septicemia where a high index of suspicion is needed. Older children typically present as simple or complicated UTI. Rapid diagnosis, institution of early treatment and further evaluation by imaging modalities are of utmost importance. This was a prospective study in febrile children from 1month to 5years at Meenakshi medical college hospital and research institute from Jan 2011 – Dec 2012.

[1]. Schlager T. Urinary tract infections in infants and children. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003; 17: 353-365.
[2]. Wald ER. Cystitis and pyelonephritis. In: Feigin RD, Chery JD, Demmier GJ, Kapian SL, eds. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 5th edn, Philadelphia: Saunders 2004; p 541-53.
[3]. Fallahzadeh MH, Alamdarlu HM. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in pre-school febrile children. Iranian J of Med Sci 1999; 24: 35-39.
[4]. Ma JF, Shortliffe LM. Urinary tract infection in children: etiology and epidemiology. UrolClin North Am 2004; 3: 517-526.
[5]. Adjei O, Opoku C Urinary tract infections in African infants. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004; 24 Suppl 1: S32-34.
[6]. Yüksel S, Oztürk B, Kavaz A, Ozçakar ZB, Acar B, Güriz H, et al. Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens and evaluation of empirical treatment in Turkish children with urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 28: 413-416.
[7]. Yildiz B, Kural N, Durmaz G, Yarar C, Ak I, Akcar N. Antibiotic resistance in children with complicated urinary tract infection. Saudi Med J 2007; 28: 1850-1854.
[8]. Mathai D, Jones RN, Pfaller MA. SENTRY Participant Group North America. Epidemiology and frequency of resistance among pathogens causing urinary tract infections in 1,510 hospitalized patients: a report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (North America). DiagnMicrobiol Infect Dis 2001; 40: 129-136.
[9]. Kahlmeter G. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens in uncomplicated cystitis. The ECO SENS study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 22: 49-52.
[10]. Zorc JJ, Kiddoo DA, Shaw KN. Diagnosis and management of Pediatric urinary tract infections. clin microbiol rev 2005; 18 : 417-422