iosr-JDMS   Volume-1 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Proteomics is the analysis of the protein composition of the cell, organ, or organism at any given time. The nascent and subtle developments in proteomics have ushered a new attractive and useful gateway to study the whole protein content of a biological sample in one set of experiments. In the past few years, proteomics has rapidly progressed and major advances in this sphere have led to radical researches into new applications like analysis of proteins for clinical diagnostic purposes. Quantifying the protein expression is a crucial part of proteomics research and employs the methods that provide accurate analytical values in protein and peptide mixtures in biological fluids such as serum or plasma. Core technologies applied for the separation of protein and peptide mixtures are one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, chromatography and mass spectrometry coupled with MALDI–TOF and ESI-MS. In this review, we have attempted to describe various approaches established for the analyses of proteins and the highlight the current technologies used for proteome fractionation and separation of biological samples. Exploration of protein analysis has opened new dimensions
in the clinical biochemistry and medical field.
Keywords: Chromatography, Data analysis, Electrophoresis,MALDI–TOF, Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics

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Abstract:Pain and its successful management have been one of the cornerstones of Dentistry worldwide since time immemorial. The successful use of local anesthetic solutions and their diligent administration have helped patients overcome their fears and displeasure towards dentistry. It is imperative on our part to update our knowledge and skills in using newer alternatives in pain control and management and ways of administering them to increase the comfort level of our patients and resolve the clichéd paradigm of "Pain and Dentistry are inseparable".Lignocaine hydrochloride has been the gold standard in local anaesthesia and has proven its efficacy and efficiency to provide a pain free environment. However, newer drugs are currently available that overcome some of the potential drawbacks of Lignocaine and give us more focused relief in pain management. Similarly, the "dreaded injection from a dentist‟ can be one of the primary reasons for potential patients not seeking timely treatment for their dental problems. To overcome this primary fear, many newer innovations in drug delivery systems have been devised to improve the patients‟ experience at the dentist and thereby provide the dentist with a more cooperative patient, resulting in optimized dental care. This article reviews some of the alternatives to Lignocaine and also the newer drug delivery systems that have proven to be beneficial in providing optimal care to our patients.
Keywords: Local Anaesthetic drugs, Local Anaesthetic Reversal Agent, Local Anaesthetic Drug Delivery Systems

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Abstract: Government of India has planned to adopt option 'B' of the WHO PMTCT guidelines to be initially piloted in few high HIV prevalent states of the country in September 2012. The present study was undertaken with aim to assess level of preparedness of Delhi to launch the new WHO (2010) PMTCT strategy. Gaps were identified at each step of the PMTCT cascade during January 2011 to December 2011 which could be successfully addressed by simple measures like sensitizing pediatricians and obstetricians & gynecologists, review meeting with PPTCT /ICTC staff, expanding the outreach activity, training ANMs, on site linkage meetings and scaling up Early Infant Diagnosis programme. The stage is now set for the launch of new WHO PMTCT guidelines of 'Triple ARV prophylaxis to all HIV positive pregnant women with CD4 count > 350 cells / cu.mm. to achieve the global objective of virtual elimination of pediatric HIV by 2015. However, the new strategy would require comprehensive convergence with MCH and remarkable commitment from the pediatricians, obstetricians & gynecologists, counselors and ANMs involved in the care of pregnant women to
ensure adherence to the triple ARV regimen to prevent emergence of drug resistance.
Keywords – Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission, PMTCT cascade, Eliminating Pediatric HIV