iosr-JECE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2018

Abstract: Women entrepreneur" is an individual who agrees exciting role to come across her individual wants and become economically autonomous. The development of women entrepreneurs and their involvement to the development of the country is very much visible in India. In a short period of time the number of women entrepreneurs increased all over the country. Women entrepreneurs play a vital role in creating employment to others in the well organized sectors and set the trend for other Women entrepreneurs to develop. They should be praised for the increased contribution, utilization of advanced technology, identifying the niche in the export market and investing high in their business activities. Women are playing various role like mother, wife, and daughter – in – law and so on they need to strike hard to fulfil the role needs. Along with it they also need to perform the role of chief executives in their business.

Index Terms - Women entrepreneurs, stress, causes of stress, role stress, entrepreneurial activity.

[1]. Akande A (1994) coping with entrepreneurial stress, Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of small business management.
[2]. Johnoson D. (1995) stress and stress management among owner-managers of small and medium sized enterprises...

Abstract: This work examined the intrusive aspect of objective assessment of the quality of speech transmitted over wireless mobile networks using the automated end-to-end PESQ algorithm. The immense merits objective assessment techniques have were highlighted. The raw PESQ scores were mapped using the more accurate Morfitt and Cotanis U. S. Patented logistic function. Correlating the mapped PESQ MOS scores with the subjective MOS score, coefficients of 0.77, 0.81, and 0.75 were obtained for speeches transmitted over three different wireless networks respectively.

Index Terms - Speech quality, assessment, MOS, intrusive, PESQ, mapping function, correlation

[1]. ITU-T Rec. E.800. 2008. Definitions of terms related to quality of service. ITU-T, Geneva, Switzerland, ITU-T Recommendation E.800, 09/2008.
[2]. Werner, M., Kumps, K., Tuisel, U., Beerend, J. G., and Vary, P. 2003. Parameter-Based Speech Quality Measures for GSM. In Proceedings of The 14th IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Persona1,lndoor and Mobile Radio Communication, PIMRC 2003, 7-10 Sept, 2003 3: 2611-2615.
[3]. Rohani, B.; Rohani, B.; Caldera, M. and Zeernick, H. –J. 2006. Benefits of perceptual speech quality metrics in modern cellular systems. Institute of Engineering and Technology Electronics Letters. 12th October, 2006. Vol. 42, No. 21.
[4]. ITU-T Rec. G.1000. 2001. Communications quality of service: A framework and definitions. ITU-T Geneva, Switzerland, ITU-T Recommendation G.1000, 11/2001.
[5]. Kajackas, A and Vindasius, A. 2010. Analysis and Monitoring of End-user Perceived QoS in Mobile Networks. 14th IEEE Int'l Conference on Telecommunications Network Strategy & Planning Symposium, 2010, NETWORK '10, Warsaw, 27-30 Sept 2010: 1-4...

Abstract: The characteristic impedance of a stripline was evaluated using conventional methods like finite difference method, and method of moments by solving the Poisson's equation for the capacitance and hence finding Z0. To improve the computational efficiency we tried wavelets

[1]. Elements of Electromagnetics by M.O.Sadiku.
[2]. "Wavelets in Electromagnetics" IEEE Microwave, June 2005.
[3]. Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics, by Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer.
[4]. Insight into Wavelets, by K.P.Soman and Ramachandran..

Abstract: The solar expedition missions have been minimized mainly due to the performance of the space capsules, also because of the planned amount of fuel a space shuttle must carry without discharging in order to advance to an unfamiliar region. Traditionally, a solar electric propulsion sail is extremely deformable to drive a space rocket through outer space. Photon or electric sails are propounding medium of propulsion by utilizing the cosmic radiation endeavored because of sun's rays on massive mirrors. It is a fusion of photo-voltaic cells and ions for the propelling and is also capable of enabling very fine maneuvering of the spacecraft by means of large sail-surface deformations.

[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_sail
[2]. SOLAR SAIL PROPULSION: ENABLING NEW CAPABILITIES FOR HELIOPHYSICS L. Johnsonh1, R. Young1, D. Alhorn1, A. Heaton1, T. Vansant2, B. Campbell2, R. Pappa3, W. Keats3, P. C. Liewer4.
[3]. The Solar Sail for Space Exploration; AZO cleantech.
[4]. Planetary society; Sailing to the World's Most Famous Comet.
[5]. Astronotes: clipper ships of cosmo1, the electric sail movement.

Abstract: Digital signal transmission with its high level of immunity to signal impairments has found a wide range of applications in telecommunication systems. Digital migration came forcefully with the global deadline set by the International Telecommunication Conference as of June 2015[1],[2], inspired by limitations of analog transmission systems and the high signal strengths of the digital transmission systems. This has been of much benefit to governments and consumers.However,the shift came with its challenges; high rate of unemployment,high cost of living and high inflation levels rendering digital migration expensive. This shift makes most people especially in developing countries stillstruggle in acquiring..........

Keywords: TV Decoder,FSK modulation, FSKdemodulation,phase locked loop.

[1]. Bozsoki, I. (2012). Why Digital Migration Matters. Barbados: International Communication Union.
[2]. Benedict O.A. and Okechukwu C. (2017).A critical discourse on the challenges of migration to digital television broadcast in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology ISSN:2313-3759 Vol.4 No.2 February,2017.
[3]. Floyd, T.L. (2006). Digital Fundamentals (9thed). New Jersey: Pearson's Prentice Hall.
[4]. Githinji, K. W. (2014). A critical analysis of factors affecting digital migration and its uptake within Nairobi.
[5]. Sandner, P. (2015). African nations face dilemma over digital switch. Retrieved April 12, 2015, from Deutsche Welle: http://www.dw.de/african-nations-face-dilemma-over-digital-switch/a-18274182

Abstract: The present paper is devoted to the investigation of lossless transmission lines with varying in time and space specific parameters terminated by conductive loads with exponential nonlinearity. Such systems are more complicated because the coefficients of the hyperbolic system describing the line depend on time and space. We introduce new conditions which guarantee distortionless propagation along the transmission line and present a general method for reducing the mixed problem for the hyperbolic system to an initial value problem for a neutral system on the boundary. Here we extend our previous methods to investigate the case of variable specific parameters and formulate sufficient conditions for the existence-uniqueness of a solution by fixed point method.

[1]. Shimura M. Analysis of some nonlinear phenomena in a transmission line. IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory. 1967;14:60-68.
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partial differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 1968;24:372-387.
[3]. Chua LO, Desoer CA, Kuh ES. Linear and Nonlinear Circuits. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1987.
[4]. Maas SA. Nonlinear Microwave and RF Circuiuts, Artech House, Boston, London, 2003.

Abstract: The cellular networks remain the major telecommunication infrastructure in the existent and succeeding generation wireless networks. Radio Resource Management (RRM) has a very crucial part in Quality of Service (QoS) eqquiping for remote correspondence frameworks. The execution of RRM procedures directly affects every client's individual execution and on the general system execution. Because of the high demand of wireless networks ,Call Admission control (CAC) is providing the solution of the limited resources problem in these networks as the main function of CAC is to improve the quality of the signals and working according to the conditions that whether the call should be accepted or dropped. The Approval and denial of the the calls is decided by the predefined critera. This article gives an exhaustive study of CAC algorithms in present day remote systems during which it is found that there is Bandwidth utilization problem in CAC algorithms, so further algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimistaion are studied which can be used to solve this problem and provide efficient networks with minimum call drop rates.

[1]. Gamage, Amila Tharaperiya, and Xuemin Sherman Shen. "Resource Allocation for Cellular/WLAN Interworking." Resource Management for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. Springer, Cham, 2018. 15-46.

[2]. Nayak, Akshatha M., et al. "Control and Management of Heterogeneous RATs in 5G Wireless Networks: An SDN/NFV Approach." arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.03819 (2018).

[3]. Younes, Sana, and Momtez Benmbarek. "Performance Analysis of Multi-services Call Admission Control in Cellular Network Using Probabilistic Model Checking." International Conference on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems. Springer, Cham, 2017.

[4]. Namwanta, Sahawat, and Nararat Ruangchaijatupon. "Blocking rate based call admission control for call dropping mitigation and QoS based prioritization." Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), 2017 International. IEEE, 2017.

[5]. Sigwele, Tshiamo, et al. "Fuzzy logic-based call admission control in 5G cloud radio access networks with preemption." EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2017.1 (2017): 157.

Abstract: The X-ray diffraction pattern of the system Te80S20-xBx where (x=0,2.5,5 and B=In or As) confirm the amorphous nature of the thin film samples. The addition of In or As to Te80S20 on the expense of S confirms this result. Also, the non-uniformity of SEM micrographs assures the amorphous nature of these samples. The SEM micrographs of all samples after addition of In or As on the expense of S and even the Er cover layer reveals no change in the amorphous state. The thermal differential analysis (DTA) proves that the glass transition range for Te80S20was 150C(119-1340C). This range reduced to be 80C as 2.5 at % In added on the expense of S. The replacement of In by As reduced this range to be............

[1]. By Sylvain Danto , Fabien Sorin , Nicholas D. Orf , Zheng Wang , Scott A. Speakman , John D. Joannopoulos , and Yoel Fink * 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 4162–4166
[2]. B. Bureau , X. H. Zhang , F. Smektala , J. L. Adam , J. Troles ,H. L. Ma , C. Boussard-Pledel , J. Lucas , P. Lucas , D. Le Coq ,M. R. Riley , J. H. Simmons , J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2004 , 345 , 276 .
[3]. M. Wuttig , N. Yamada , Nat. Mater. 2007 , 6 , 824 .

[4]. A. Velea, K. Opsomer, W. Devulder, J. Dumortier, J. Fan, C. Detavernier, M. Jurczak & B. Govoreanu" Te-based chalcogenide materials for selector applications"Scientific Reports,2017,7:8103. Dol:10.1038/s41598-017-08251-z
[5]. Shuo Cui,1,2 Catherine Boussard-Plédel,1 Jacques Lucas,1 and Bruno Bureau1,* ©2014 Optical Society of America Vol. 22, No. 18 | DOI:10.1364/OE.22.021253.

Abstract: The X-ray diffraction pattern of the system Se80S20-xB where (x=0,2.5,5 and B=In or As) confirms the amorphous nature of the bulk and thin film of all samples. The addition of In or As to Se80S20 on the expense of S confirms this result.Also, the non-uniformity of SEM micrographs confirm the amorphous nature of the samples under test. The SEM micrographs of all samples after addition of In or As on the expense of S and even the addition of Er cover layer reveals no change in the amorphous structure. The thermal differential analysis (DTA) proves that the glass transition range is wide as 60oC with onset temperature 1060C for the sample Se80S20. This range becomes narrow...........

[1]. Yu.S.Very yanovich and A.tverjanovich "Rare – earth- doped chalcogenide glass " semiconductors and semimetals 80,169-207(2004).
[2]. A.B.Seddon"chalcogenide glass, a review of their preparation, properties and applications-J.Non-cryst solids, 184,44-50(1995).
[3]. J. S. Sanghera, L. B. Shaw, L. E. Busse, V. Q. Nguyen, P. C. Pureza, B. C. Cole, B. B. Harrison, I. D. Aggarwal, R. Mossadegh, F. Kung, D. Talley, D. Roselle, R. Miklos"Development and Infrared Applications of Chalcogenide Glass Optical Fibers-Fiber Integrated" opt.19(3), Pages 251-274 ,( 2010)
[4]. Shixun Dai * ,Yingying Wang ,Xuefeng Peng ,Peiqing Zhang ,Xunsi Wang andYinsheng Xu " A Review of Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation in Chalcogenide Glass Fibers"Applid Sciene. , 8(5), 707(2018).
[5]. Vandita Rao *, D. K. Dwivedi "Phase Change Chalcogenide Materials for Optical Data Storage" b Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 10(29), (2017)..

Abstract: This paper proposes solar powered automatic lawn mower which is completely automatic in its operation and allows the user the ability to cut grass with marginal human efforts. Unlike other conventional robotic lawn mowers, this design requires no perimeter wires to maintain the robot within the lawn and also works with lesser human efforts in the manual mode of operation. This mower is proposing some pre-set pattern installed in the system, in the automatic mode of operation no human effort is needed for mowing and it also helps to cut different patterns in the lawn very easily within less time. Through an array of sensors safety takes major consideration in the device, this robot will not only stay on the lawn, it will also detect and avoid objects and humans [5].

Keywords—solar powered, human effort, pre-set pattern, objects and human..

[1] https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/PIC18F2455
[2] PIC18F Data Sheet.
[3] ElectronicsHub.org
[4] https://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/columns/straight-dope/article/13039806/straight-dope-how-much-pollution-do-gasoline-powered-lawn-mowers
[5] https://www.ijircce.com/upload/2017/may/152_SOLAR_IEEE.pdf.

Abstract: In this work, the performance analysis of FH-CDMA scheme in terms of bit error probability (BEP) Vs number of simultaneous users over three different channels i.e. AWGN, Rician and Rayleigh channels is presented. The prime and chaotic sequences were used in this work as spreading sequences to the FH-CDMA scheme resulting in prime/FH-CDMA and chaotic/FH-CDMA scheme respectively. Bit Error Probability against the number of simultaneous users over AWGN, Rician and Rayleigh fading channels are plotted for prime/FH-CDMA scheme and chaotic/FH-CDMA scheme and compared. Chaotic sequences have good correlation properties and then can be used as address sequences in spread spectrum communication. Simulation results showed that chaotic/FH-CDMA scheme can accommodate more number of simultaneous users with lower Bit Error Probability than compared to prime/FH-CDMA scheme..

Keywords—Bit Error Probability (BEP), Chaotic sequences, Code-Division Multiple-Access (CDMA), Frequency-Hopping (FH), Prime sequences.

[1]. J.-Z. Wang and L. B. Milstein, "CDMA overlay situations for micro-cellular mobile communications," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 43, no. 2/3/4, pp. 603-614, Feb./Mar./Apr. 1995.
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[4]. Laxmi Bhat and Dr. K. L. Sudha "Performance Analysis of Chaotic DS-CDMA with CSK modulation" International Journal of Mobile Network Communications & Telematics (IJMNCT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2012.
[5]. Wang Hai, Hu Jiandong. "Logistic-Map chaotic spreadspectrum sequence "ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA 1997 Vo1.25 No.1 19-23

Abstract: This paper presents optimization and explanations of the main features of the latest RFID technology which have rarely or unclearly been presented for example, the longest reading range of RFID systems, the smallest tag size and overall commercial application fields. ,the circular patch microstrip antenna (CMPA) with coaxial probe feeding, have been used . The proposed antenna operates in the frequency range of (2.4-2.48) GHz RFID band and fabricated on FR4 substrate with size of 50mm × 50mm × 1.6mm. The simulations method use HFSS antenna simulator. Therefore, there is an issue of optimization in determining the antenna parameters for best performance therefore JAVA developers used to communicate directly with RFID without converting protocols and data representation

Keywords—RFID, PNLBS , CMPA , JAVA developer .

[1]. 1 .Applications," International Journal o Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol. 6, pp. (132-136), July 2016.
[2]. 2 .C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2005.
[3]. 3 .Jimenez, AR, Seco, F, Zampella, F, Prieto, JC & Guevara, J 2011, 'Ramp Detection with a Foot-Mounted IMU for a Drift-Free Pedestrian Position Estimation', paper presented to 2011 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)
[4]. 4.Jui-Han Lu and Sang-Fei Wang, "Planar Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna with Square Slot for UHF-RFID reader," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.61, No.1, pp.(45-53), Jan 2013.
[5]. 5 Kefalakis, N, Soldatos, J, Mertikas, E & Prasad, NR 2011, 'Generating Business Events in an RFID network', paper presented to RFID-Technologies and Applications (RFID-TA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, 15–16 Sept. 2011.

Abstract: Wireless local area networks (WLAN) have seen rapid growth making it very popular and widely used in data communication. New technologies in WLAN provide high data rates for real time services and also support multimedia applications such as voice over IP and e-conference. Critical to the 802.11 MAC operations, is the handover function which occurs when a mobile node moves its association from one access point (AP) to another. Unreliable and insufficient handover procedure reduces the quality and reliability of the network. Two handover schemes: proactive scanning handover scheme (PAHS) and prevent scanning handover scheme (PRHS) were selected for comparative................

Keywords—Handover, Local Area Network (WLAN), Delay, Utilization, Traffic Intensity, IEEE 802.11.

[1] W. Lee, Mobile cellular telecommunications systems (McGraw Hill, New York, 1989)
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[5] G.G. Chitkote and D.M. Bhalerao, Scalability in vertical handoff for Wi-Fi and bluetooth networks, International Journal of Computer Applications, 77 (10), 2013, 12-17.

Abstract: Diabetes is one of the most incredibly surprising diseases that mankind is witnessing right now. The disease is caused by the body's recommended response to insulin: which is largely developed in our bodies to convert sugar into energy needed for the actual functioning of normal life. Diabetes takes a toll on our body as it leads to kidney injury, coronary burden and retinal degeneration of the eyes, nerve disorders and nerve damage. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus is a longstanding condition distinct from high glucose levels. The consequences can be far-reaching. According to the current increase in mortality, diabetes has come to the 10th position among the primary sources of mortality from one end of the world to the other. When used to predict diabetes using datasets imbalanced from testing, PC based information classifiers and spanning methods for encoding categorical data have shown a wide strategy of surprising results. Early evaluations used simulated cerebrum relation to kill features without knowing what should be done for development information.

[1]. Butt UM, Letchmunan S, Ali M, Hassan FH, Baqir A, Sherazi HHR. Machine learning based diabetes classification and prediction for healthcare applications. J Healthcare Eng. (2015) 2015:9930985.
[2]. Gupta S, Verma HK, Bhardwaj D. Classification of diabetes using naïve bayes and support vector machine as a technique. In: Sachdeva A, Kumar P, Yadav OP, Garg RK, Gupta A, editors. Operations Management and Systems Engineering. Singapore: Springer; (2015). p. 365–76.
[3]. Alghazzawi D, Bamasaq O, Ullah H, Asghar MZ. Efficient detection of DDoS attacks using a hybrid deep learning model with improved feature selection. Appl Sci. (2015) 11:11634. 10.3390/app112411634
[4]. Qawqzeh YK, Bajahzar AS, Jemmali M, Otoom MM, Thaljaoui A. Classification of diabetes using photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveform analysis: logistic regression modeling. Biomed Res Int. (2014) 2014:3764653.
[5]. Pethunachiyar GA. Classification of diabetes patients using kernel based support vector machines. In: 2014 International Conference on Computer Communication Informatics (ICCCI). Coimbatore: IEEE; (2014). p. 1–4..