iosr-JECE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2018

Abstract: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next generation wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. MIMO system increases the diversity gain or to enhance the system capacity on time-variant and frequency-selective channels, OFDM may be combining with multiple transmitter antenna and receiver antenna, thus resulting to MIMO- OFDM system. MIMO-OFDM, a new wireless 4G technologies, has capability of enhance data rate transmission and robustness against multi-path fading. This paper, provides an overview of the basics of MIMO-OFDM technology

Index Terms - MIMO-OFDM system, Energy and Bit Allocation, BER Performance.

[1]. Bansal, P. & Brzezinski, A. (2001). Adaptive loading in MIMO/OFDM Systems, EEE359 project, Stanford University.
[2]. Bölcskei, H. Gesbert, D. & Paul raj, A. J. (2002). "On the Capacity of OFDM-Based Spatial Multiplexing Systems," IEEE Trans. Common., vol. 50, no. 2, Feb. 2002, pp. 225.
[3]. Paul Raj, A.J., Gore, D.A., & Nabar, R.U., & Bolcskei, H.(2004). An Overview of MIMO Communications -a key to gigabit wireless, IEEE Proc., 92(2), 198-218.
[4]. Stuber, G.L., Barry, J.R. McLaughlin, S.W.& Ye Li, M.A (2004). Ingram and T.G. Pratt, Broadband MIMO-OFDM wireless communications, IEEE Proc., 92 (2), 271-294,
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Abstract: One of the important factor to be considered in a communication system is its peak to average power ratio. In this paper an effective technique named Iterative Companding Transform and Filtering –Two piecewise Companding (ICTF-TPWC) is preferred which decreases the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) as well as Bit Error Rate (BER) in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal. Here it can be seen that without conducting de-companding at the ICTF receiver it can offer improved BER. In simulations comparisons of traditional ICF technique with proposed ICTF-TPWC technique is done in which ICTF-TPWC reduces the complexity by reducing the number of Iterations when compared to ICF to reach the required PAPR with lesser complications. ICTF-TPWC scheme offers a good BER performance when compared to the traditional techniques.

Index Terms - OFDM, ICF, ICTF-TPWC, PAPR.

[1]. Yong Wang ,Chao Yang and Bo Ai, "Iterative Companding Transform and Filtering for Reducing PAPR of OFDM Signal," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,Vol.61,no.2,May 2015.
[2]. Preenu Ann P, Renu Jose, "Comparison of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM systems," International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES),30 March 2017.
[3]. Yasir Rahmatallah and Seshadri Mohan, "Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems: A Survey and Taxonomy," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Accepted For Publication,pp.3-5,2013.
[4]. Sroy Abouty, Li Renfa, Zeng Fanzi and Fall Mangone, "A Novel Iterative Clipping and Filtering Technique for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals: System Using DCT/IDCT Transform," InternationalJournal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, Vol. 6, no. 1,pp.4, February, 2013.
[5]. Chau-Yun Hsu and Hsuan-Chun Liao, "PAPR reduction using the combination of precoding and Mu-Law companding techniques for OFDM systems," IEEE 11th International Conference on Signal Processing,Vol.3,2012...

Abstract: The next generation passive optical network requires a network that can provide high capacity data to meet the increase rate for high speed data. The fiber optic media has low susceptibility to electromagnetic interference hence become a choice for high capacity network. The next generation passive optical network (NGPON) stage 1 defined and standardized by ITU-T, adopted 10G passive optical network (XGPON) has one of the standard capable of meeting the demand. This standard will be used for deployment of high capacity broadband networksand mobile backhaul which will enhance high speed connectivity. This architecture is not immune to loses or signal degradation due..........

[1]. S. Bindhaiq,A.Supa'at, N. Zulkifli, A. B. Mohammad, R.Shaddad, M.A.Elmagzoub , A. Faisal "Recent development on time and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2)" Optical SwitchingandNetworking15 (2015)53–6.
[2]. D. Nesset, "NG-PON2 technology and standards" vol 33, #5, IEEE March 1 2015.
[3]. "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (G-PON)," ITU-T G.984.x specifications.
[4]. "10-Gigabit-capable passive optical network (XG-PON) systems," ITU-T G.987.x specification.
[5]. F.J.Effenberger, J.-I.Kani, Y.Maeda, Standardization trends and prospective views on the next generation of broadband optical access systems, IEEEJ.Sel.AreasCommun.28 (6)(2010) 773–780.

Abstract: In the recent times, there are tremendous demands for application of robots in in military, industrial and academic communities. The aim of this research work is to bridge the gap to plan a trajectory and minimizing the path lengths and arrest the problems that has to do with collisions of a mobile robot with static and moveable obstacle in dynamic environment. In this work, an intelligent approach and user-friendly module for navigation of a mobile robot in dynamic environment with the use of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was realized and the path planning parameter performance used are MSE, RMSE and AAE. The design and implementation of PSO algorithm and computer simulations were done using MATLAB 2018a with hardware configuration of Intel(R) Core........

Keywords: MATLAB, Obstacle, PSO, Performance, Robot, Optimization

[1]. Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R., "Particle swarm optimization", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Network, 1995.
[2]. L. Yu and K. Zhou, A dynamic local path planning method for outdoor robot based on characteristics extraction of laser range finder and extended support vector machine, Int. J. Pattern Recognition Artificial Intelligence 30(2) (2016) 1–23.
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Abstract: Denoising of images is an emerging technique in the present day research works, since it is used in the various processing in image. Considerably, the denoising of image is a method in which the image is restored by removing the unwanted distortions or noises from the image in order to obtain a high visually enhanced image. But existing denoising algorithms mainly focus on the noise reduction instead of focusing on the edge preserving. Hence the finally obtained image is of low quality. Therefore in our paper we proposed to eliminate the noise such as zero mean white Gaussian noise from the image by using the high resolution frequency analysis. For this process we calculate the texture features of the image in order to implement the segmentation make possible in noisy.......

Index terms: Image processing, 2D-NHA, Segmentation, Edge regions, Mask NHA

[1]. Rajni, R., & Anutam, A. (2014). Image denoising techniques-An overview. International Journal of Computer Applications, 86(16), 13-17.
[2]. Pathak, M., & Singh, S. (2014). Comparative analysis of image denoising techniques. International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology, 1(5), 160-167.
[3]. Singh, R., Singh, P., & Parveen, F. (2015). Brief review on image denoising techniques. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 4(1), 336-344. [4]. Marc Lebrun (2012). An Analysis and Implementation of the BM3D Image Denoising Method.IPOL journal image processing online,2012(2).
[5]. Yoshizawa, T., Hirobayashi, S., & Misawa, T. (2011). Noise reduction for periodic signals using high-resolution frequency analysis. EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing, 2011(1), 5.

Abstract: The goal of this study was a synthesis of nanocrystals SmFe1-xAlxO3 (x=0. 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) and an examination of their optical properties. SmFe1-xAlxO3 were prepared by the double sintering ceramic technology. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Photoluminescence (PL). The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of single phase crystals of perovskite structure. Photoluminescence is used to analyze the optical properties of the materials. PL spectra show Uv emissions that slightly shifted with Al content. The PL intensity of multiferroic material enhanced with increasing Al content (x). The wide band gap that was determined from PL spectra of the investigated metal oxide recommends it to be used in optical applications.

Keywords: PL, Energy Gap, XRD

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[2] Cao, Xueqiang, Chan-Soo Kim, and Han-Ill Yoo. "Effect of substitution of manganese for iron on the structure and electrical properties of yttrium ferrite." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84.6 (2001): 1265-1272.

[3] Tien, Nguyen Anh, et al. "Synthesis and magnetic properties of YFeO 3 nanocrystals." Inorganic Materials 45.11 (2009): 1304-1308.

[4] Nguyen, A. T., et al. "Synthesis and the study of magnetic characteristics of nano La 1-xSr XFeO 3 by co-precipitation method." Наносистемы: физика, химия, математика 5.5 (2014).

[5] Stathopoulos, Vassilis N., Vassiliki C. Belessi, and Athanasios K. Ladavos. "Samarium based high surface area perovskite type oxides SmFe1-xAlxO3 (X= 0.00, 0.50, 0.95). Part I, synthesis and characterization of materials." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 72.1 (2001): 43-48..

Abstract: A very small dual band two element MIMO antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX) applications is presented in this project.A micro-strip line-fed antenna with two quarter wavelengths slots of different lengths, which radiate at 2.5GHz and 5.6GHz, is used as an antenna element. The antenna is designed on 1.6 mm thickness FR-4 substrate with Ɛr=4.4 .Since WiMAX application is divided into two categories based on its radius of coverage area, the antenna design is varied by shifting the ground slot to new coordinates and resonant frequency is attained at 17.2 GHz for larger coverage area (>100feet).For smaller coverage area of WiMAX, the frequencies 2.5GHz and 5.6GHz would give the required response..........

Keywords: Dual-band, envelope correlation coefficient(ECC), multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), slot antenna, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).

[1]. Sourav Nandi and Akhilesh Mohan" A Compact Dual-Band MIMO Slot Antenna for WLAN Application "IEEE Antennas and wireless propagation 2017
[2]. Novel F-Shaped Quad-Band Printed Slot Antenna for WLAN and WiMAXMIMO Systems Reza Karimian, Homayoon Oraizi, Senior Member, IEEE, Saeed Fakhte, and Mohammad Farahani IEEE Antennas And Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 12, 2013
[3]. X. M. Ling and R. L. Li, "A novel dual-band MIMO antenna array with low mutual coupling for portable wireless devices," IEEE Ant. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 1039-1042, 2011.
[4]. S. Cui, Y. Liu, W. Jiang and S. X. Gong, "Compact dual-band monopole antennas with high port isolation," Electron. Lett., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 579-580, May 2011
[5]. M. S. Sarawi, A. B. Numan, M. U. Khan and D. N. Aloi, "A dualelement dual-band MIMO antenna system with enhanced isolation for mobile terminals," IEEE Ant. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 1006- 1009, 2012.

Abstract: The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is intended for use by mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. It offers quick adaptation to dynamic link conditions, low processing and memory overhead, low network utilization, and determines unicast routes to destinations within the ad hoc network. It uses destination sequence numbers to ensure loop freedom at all times, even in the face of anomalous delivery of routing control messages, avoiding problems such as "counting to infinity" associated with classical distance vector protocols.

Keywords: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, ad hoc network, distance vector protocol, mobile, routing

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Abstract: In computed tomography (CT) images, metal inculcates raises the deviations between the consistent data and the linear attenuation inference maintained by perceptive CT reconstruction algorithms. The deviations create the increase of bright and dark bands and streaks in the ultimate reconstructed image, untidily known as metal artifacts. The artifacts in the CT image become difficult for radiologists to acquire actual diagnostic arbitration[1]. The Numerous probable causes of metal streak artifacts are designed using phantom simulations and measurements. Beam hardening, exponential edge-gradient effect, scattering effect, noise are analyzed as potential causes of metal streak..........

Keywords: Computed tomography, reconstruction, streak artifacts, PSO

[1]. Gleich, B, (2014). Principles and Applications of Magnetic Particle. Springer. Retrieved on25thApril2016from http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783658019600-c1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1410405-p175016047
[2]. David, A.L., (2012). Introduction to Medical Imaging. Retrieved on 25th April 2016 from http://cw.tandf.co.uk/imagingforstudents/sample-material/Chapter-1-Introduction-to-Medical-Imaging.pdf
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Abstract: 5G supports IoT and Big Data, which rely heavily on real-time data collection and transfer. Because decisions are being made instantaneously (and automatically, in many cases) based on this data, lower latency and higher bandwidth levels are needed to ensure that the data gets to where it needs to go quickly. Because of its unlimited bandwidth potential, fiber is the cable of choice to support these bandwidth levels. To handle larger amounts of data, 5G uses much higher radio frequencies than existing mobile networks. These higher frequencies, however, have very short ranges. For 5G to work as expected and provide multi-gigabit service to users and devices, many additional "cells" covering small areas must be installed throughout a venue (spaced as close together as 200 feet apart, according to some experts).The current paper highlights the significance of optical fibers in the form of 5G technology.

Keywords: Optical, Fibers, 5G Technology

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