iosr-JECE   National Conference on Advances in Engineering, Technology & Management (AETM'16)

Abstract: In this paper, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed using HFSS software. The designed antenna has a resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz which is applicable to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). This paper shows the design considerations of the proposed antenna as well as the simulated results of the same. The design is made on FR-4 Epoxy material used as a dielectric material with its dielectric constant= 4.4 and thickness of 1.5mm...........
Keywords - Micro Strip Antenna (MSA); High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS); WLAN; Patch; Return Loss; dielectric.

[1] Tanish Narang; Shubhangi jain; "Microstrip Patch Antenna- A Historical Perpective of the Development",Conference on Advances in Communication and Control Systems 2013 (CAC2S 2013)..
[2] Ogunlade Michael Adegoke; Ismael Saad Eltoum; "Analysis and Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna AT 2.4GhzWLAN Applications", International Journal of Engineering Research &Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 8, August – 2014.
[3] J. R. James, P.S. Hall. Handbook of microstrip antennas, I.E.E. Electromagnetic Waves Series 28- Peter Pereginus LTD, 1989.
[4] C. A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design," 2nd ed., J. Peters, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 728-730.
[5] Girish Kumar, K.P. Ray, "Broadband microstrip antennas", Aretch House 2003.

Abstract: This paper provides comprehensive study of commercial gas sensor, TGS 822. This work reports the electrical characteristics like sensitivity, selectivity, response time & recovery time. The sensor was exposed to different analytes at various concentration to study these characteristics, based on the change in resistance. The performance of the sensor including sensitivity, selectivity, response time and recovery time is summarized.Further a real time monitoring of analytes has been described with the help of NI-USB 6210 DAQ using lab view software

Keywords – Alcohols, DAQ, Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS), Selectivity, Sensitivity, Sensors.

[1] C. Wang, L. Yin, L. Zhang, D. Xiang, and R. Gao, Metal oxide gas sensors: sensitivity and influencing factors, Sensors (Basel),
vol. 10, no. 3, Jan. 2010, 2088–106.
[2] M. S. M. Shi, B. G. Bin Guo, and a. Bermak, Redundancy Analysis for Tin Oxide Gas Sensor Array, Third IEEE Int.Work.
Electron. Des. Test Appl., 2006, 8–11.
[3] J. Smulko and M. Trawka, New approaches for improving selectivity and sensitivity of resistive gas sensors : A review, 2014, 2–4.
[4] P. Information, TGS 822 - for the detection of Organic Solvent Vapors.
[5] P. Information, TGS 825 - Special Sensor for Hydrogen Sulfide.

Abstract: Image processing has emerged to be the only stand-alone non-human technique for image comprehension. The avant-garde image processing techniques finds their vast relevance in feature extraction, face detection, finger-print detection, microscope imaging, medical imaging, computer vision, remote sensing, etc. Image processing constitutes a systematic procedure of signal processing, computer vision and artificial intelligence leading to application dependent sorting of unique set of image features like intensity, color, texture, etc. Eventually, segmentation of image has surfaced as a crucial milestone in image processing.........

Keywords: edge detection, optimization, region growing, segmentation, threshold.

[1] W.X. Kang, Q. Yang and R.P. Liang, The comparative research on image segmentation algorithms, IEEE First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, 2009, 703-707.
[2] M.A. Ali, L.S. Dooley and G.C. Karmakar, Object based image segmentation using fuzzy clustering, Proc. IEEE Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, France, 2006,105-108.
[3] R. Yogamangalam and B. Karthikeyan, Segmentation techniques comparison in image processing, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(1), 2013, 307-311.

[4] J. Canny, A computational approach to edge detection, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 8(6), 1986, 679 – 698.
[5] V.V.D. Shah, Image processing and its military applications, Defense Science Journal, 37(4), 1987, 457-468.

Abstract: Micro strip patch antennas are widely used in compact, conformal and low- cost wireless applications due to its advantages over conventional antenna. Literature study of last few decades of micro strip patch antenna (MPA) shows that the different techniques are used to design a small size micro strip patch antenna. In this paper survey is conducted on different antenna designing methods like E shaped patch antenna, edge tapering slot cutting, G shapes, H shape, Fractal geometry and DGS .These antennas operated on single band, dual band ,multiband and UWB frequencies. The maximum gain achieved is 7.5 dB using G- shape and return loss -28 dB by using E-shape technique
Keywords-Bandwidth enhancement, Fractal geometry, slot antenna, HFSS, Micro strip patch antenna (MPA), edge tapering.

[1] Balanis A Constantine , Antenna theory (New York, John wiley & sons, Inc 1997).

[2] R.K. sharan, S.K. Sharma, A .Gupta, R.K Chaoudhary, An Edge Tapered Rectangular Patch Antenna with Parasitic Stubs and Slot for Wideband Applications, Wireless Pers Commun Vol 86,2016, pp 1213–1220.

[3] K.Sankar,R.Bargavi, and S.Arivumani Samson, Single Layer Dual band G-shaped patch antenna, International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, 2014, pp-636-639.

[4] R. Zaker, C. Ghobadi, and J. Nourinia, Novel Modified UWB Planar Monopole Antenna With Variable Frequency Band-Notch Function, IEEE Antennas And Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 2008 ,Pp-112-114.

[5] S Behera and K. J. Vinoy, Multi-Port Network Approach for the Analysis of Dual Band Fractal Microstrip Antennas, IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation, Vol. 60, 2012 Pp-5100-5106

Abstract: In Electronic device adder has been used frequently. An adder is specified in terms of delay area and power. This paper suggests a possible method for reduction in power Software used for simulation of adder is Mentor graphics with 180 nm technology. By comparing proposed adder with existing adders reduction in power delay product has been found.

Keywords – Hybrid flow adder, PMOS, NMOS.

[1] S. F. Frutaci, M. Lanuzza, P. Zicari S. Perri, P. Corsonello " Low Power Split Path Data Driven Dynamic Logic" published in IET Circuit Devices & Systems 20th April 2009

[2] Jin-Fa Lin, Yin-Tsung Hwang, Ming-HwaSheu, "A novel high- speed and energy efficient 10-transistor full adder design" IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems Vol. 54 No. 5, May 2007.

[3] M. Alioto and G. Palumbo, "Analysis and comparison on full adder block in submicron technology," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale (VLSI)Syst., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 806–823, Dec. 2002

[4] Mark Vesterbacka "A 14-transistor cmos full adder with full voltage swing nodes" Proc. Int. Symp. On circuit and system, Vol. 1, pp-49-52,1999.

[5] Amir Ali Khatibzadeh, KaamranRaahemifar, "A study and comparison of full adder cells based on the standard static CMOS logic" Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Power Design, 2004.

Abstract:Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology which is having the capability of revolutionizing the industry of "Contact Less Automatic Identification‟. The country like ours, has a population whose demands cannot be met unless we catalyst the process of our manufacturing capitals. The process can only be fastened by automating the processes. Machines now days are very well moving towards robotics but inventory management is still an area which needs to be worked upon. A considerably large amount of our medium scale and small scale industries are still dependent on humans for inventory management. Even if it is automated,

[1] Klaus Finkenzeller (2010) "RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification", John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edition, 2010.

[2]Mingsheng Hu, Zhijuan Jia, Xiaoyu Ji and Liu Hong (2013) "RFID Anti-Collision Algorithm Based on Occurrence Position", Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, vol.5, January 2013, pp. 22-29.

[3]Geng Shu-qin, Wu Wu-chen, Hou Li-gang and Zhang Wang (2010) "Anti-Collision Algorithms for Multi-Tag RFID", Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications Bringing Research to Practice, 1st Edition, February 2010.

[4]N. Abramson (1970) "The Aloha System—another Alternative for Computer Communications", Proc. Fall Joint Computer Conf., Am. Federation of Information Processing Soc. Conf., vol. 37, November 1970, pp.281-285.

[5]J. Capetanakis (1979) "Tree Algorithms for Packet Broadcast Channels", IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 25, September1979, pp.505-515.

Abstract: Solar Energy Based Warehouse Control System Deals With The Warehouse Problems And Calamities With The Help Of Various Sensors In A Warehouse System. It Has Fire Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Rain Sensor, Ldr To Prevent Huge Losses Due To Certain Problems. Password Security Is Used To Avoid Unauthorized Access .The Password System Is Designed So As To Have A New Password At Every Instant Of Time. The Interfacing Is Done With 8051 Microcontroller.

Keywords - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), GSM (Global System for Mobiles), various sensors like rain, fire and humidity sensors.

[1] The 8051 microcontroller and embedded systems using assembly language, second edition,Mohammad Ali Mazidi,Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D.Mckinlay

[2] 8051 Microcontroller user manual by Atmel

[3] 8051 Instruction manual by Keil

[4] Michael J. Pont,Pearson education 2007 , Embedded C

Abstract: In modern era, the different variety of antennas are available that can used in the field of communication but some systems require ultra wideband and multiband antennas like commercial and military telecommunication system. Microstrip antennas have limitation of narrow bandwidth. Fractal geometries have marvellous kind of distinct properties from other antennas. For achieving the desired miniaturization and multiband properties, different shapes of fractals are used. Fractal slots can be made in microstrip patch so that its limitations can be evicted. In this paper, we studied about the different fractal slot geometries that enhance its use for different kinds of applications.
Keywords :Fractal, Hibert, Iteration, Koch, Sierpinski.

[1] D. H. Werner, R. L. Haup, and P. L. Werner, Fractal antenna engineering: the theory and design of fractal antenna arrays, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 41(5), 1999, 37-58.

[2] J. P. Gianvittorio, and Y. R. Samii, Fractal antennas: a novel antenna miniaturization technique and applications, IEEE Antennas Propagation Magazine, 44, 2002, 20–36.

[3] D. H. Werner and S. Ganguly, An overview of fractal Antenna engineering research, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 45, 2003, 38-57.

[4] J. M. Baker and M. F. Iskander, Electrically small fractal antennas, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2015, 1242-1243.

[5] C. Puente, J. Romeu, R. Pous and A. Cardama, On the behavior of the Sierpinski multiband fractal antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 46(4), 1998, 517-524.

Abstract: A network with sensors using wireless connectivity like Telosb mote that helps the people to navigate without the use of internet or data on their smart phones. This application is based on the use of map of an area without paying to any network provider. This application is entirely different from the others by the means of network usage and the cost to prior to their locations with specifying.........
Keywords: Mapping of roads, Network with sensors using wireless connectivity, Routes for piloting, Telosb mote

[1] P. Dahiya, "Comparison of two algorithms used to improve the energy of low energy nodes in WSN," International Conference on of advance research in computer science and management studies, India, vol.1, no.6, pp. 40-44,11 November 2013.
[2] N. A. Pantazis, S. A. Nikolidakis, and D. D. Vergados, "Energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey," IEEE Communication Survey, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 551-591, May 2013.
[3] S. Giannoulis, C. Koulamas1, C. Emmanouilidis, P. Pistofidis, D. Karampatzakis, "In Proceeding of Wireless Sensor Network Technologies for Condition Monitoring of Industrial Assets." Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp.33-40, May 2013.
[4] S. Mamalis, S. Basilis, D. Gavalas, C. Konstantopoulos, and G. Pantziou, "Clustering in wireless sensor networks." RFID and Sensor Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Security and Integrations, 1st edition,pp. 324-353, Norway, Canada, CRC press, 12 November 2009.

Abstract: Chest imaging is a very useful method for looking inside the organ for assessing the scenario with noninvasive manner. Advance imaging play a significant role by introducing newer techniques day by day, but chest roentgenogram still mark a role in early decision in disease management. Good quality of Chest roentgenogram is available in rural setups without financial overburden to patients. The present study demonstrated that the chest roentgenogram visualization is improving using MATLAB and is giving superior envisage in comparing the conventional one. Better quality of Chest X-ray is more helpful to physicians for early diagnosis of disease. The early detection of disease is becoming more efficient and improving the quality of life.
Keywords – Roentgenogram, Visualization, Early diagnosis, Disease

[1] Amal M. Al Gindi, Tawfik A. Attiatalla and Moustafa M. Sami. Journal of American Science 2014; 10(6):13-22. [2] Fatemeh Shahsavari Alavijeh and Homayoun Mahdavi-Nasab. "Multi-scale Morphological Image Enhancement of Chest Radiographs by a Hybrid Scheme", J Med Signals Sens. 2015 Jan-Mar; 5(1): 59–68.
[3] Gonzalez RC, Woods RE. Ch. 4. MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; 1992. Digital Image Processing.

[4] Gupta G, Algorithm for image processing using improved median filter and comparison of mean, Median and improved median filter, International Journal of soft Computing and Engineering, Vol 1 (5), 2011, 304-311.

[5] Hall EH. Almost uniform distribution for computer image enhancement. IEEE Trans Comput. 1974; 23: 207–8.

Abstract: SONET stands for synchronous optical network which is a time-division multiplexing process (TDMA) for providing bandwidth Services for the end users which works at application level. High Speed data communication and telecommunication traffic are handled with the use of time division technology. For providing efficient high capacity networks required by telecommunication and data services the SONET/SDH standard is used since it uses TDMA for bandwidth services. The Service providers are looking forward to find automatic ways of commissioning....

[1]
N. Ansari, G. Cheng, S. Israel, Y. Luo, J. Ma, and L. Zhu, ―QoS provision with path protection for next generation SONET,‖ in Proc. IEEE ICC, Apr. 2002, pp. 2152–2156.
[2]
N. Taft-Plotkin, B. Bellur, and R. Ogier, ―Quality-of service routing using maximally disjoint paths,‖ in Proceedings of IEEE IWQoS '99, 1999, pp. 119-128.
[3]
Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH),.ITU-T Recommendation G.707/Y.1322, Oct. 2000.
[4]
Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces,‖ ITU-T, Recommendation G.703, 2001.
[5]
P. Morreale, K. Sohraby, B. Li, Y. Lin, Guest editorial: ‗‗Active, Programmable, and Mobile Code Networking,''IEEE Communications, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 122–123, Mar. 2000.

Abstract: Image captured under various environment conditions with low contrast results in visual deterioration. To enhance the contrast of images a number of techniques have been proposed over the years. Histogram equalization is one of those methods which could be used for this purpose. For the contrast enhancement purpose histogram equalization (HE) attempts reduction in the number of gray levels. Contrast enhancement by histogram equalization method involve mapping of gray levels on the basis of changeover function that is derived from the probability distribution...........
Keywords - Histogram Equalization, Brightness Preservation, Gray Level, Sub-image.

[1] Kotkar V. A. And Gharde S. S., "review of various image contrast enhancement techniques", International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, Iss. 7, July 2013.
[2] Sonam, Rajiv Dahiya, "review of contrast enhancement techniques based on histogram equalization", International Journal of Advance Research in Education Technology (IJARET), Vol.2, Iss. 2, April-June 2015.
[3] Manpreet Kaur, Jasdeep Kaur, Jappreet Kaur., "Study of image enhancement techniques: a review", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 3, Iss. 4, April 2013, ISSN: 2277 128X.
[4] Kim Y. T., "Contrast enhancement using brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization", IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 1-8, Feb. 1997.
[5] Shefali Gupta, Yadwinder Kaur, "Review of different histogram equalization based contrast enhancement techniques", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 3, Iss. 7, July 2014.

Abstract: With the increasing use of internet and major development in technology, transmission of digital media is being affected by a large number of illegal interventions. As a valuable solution to this, watermarking provides a secure way for channelizing the digital media (image, audio or video). Digital Watermarking is a method of embedding data (watermark) into a host image without degrading its original quality. This paper presents Digital Image Watermarking in Spatial Domain by finding the Mean and Variance of host image and using the well-known method of Least Significant Bit (LSB) to embed the watermark in a secure position. The experimental results analyze the strength of proposed watermarking algorithm against attacks like Salt and Pepper noise and Gaussian noise.

Keywords- Least Significant Bit (LSB), Salt and Pepper Noise, Spatial Domain, Variance, Watermarking

[1] M. D. Swanson, M. Kobayashi, A. H. Tewfik, "Multimedia data embedding and watermarking technologies,"Proc. IEEE, 86(6), 1998, 1064–1087.
[2] R. L. Lagendijk, G. C. Langelaar, I. Setyawan, "Watermarking digital image and video data," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., 17(5), 2000, 20–46.
[3] F. Hartung, M. Kutter, "Multimedia watermarking techniques," Proc. IEEE, 87(7), 1999, 1079–1107.
[4] M. U. Celik, G. Sharma, E. Saber, A. M. Tekalp, "A hierarchical image authentication watermark with improved localization and security," Proc. IEEE ICIP, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2001, 502–505.
[5] M. U. Celik, G. Sharma, E. Saber, A. M. Tekalp, "Hierarchical watermarking for secure image authentication with localization," IEEE Trans. Image Process.,11(6), 2002.

Abstract: The work on the paper has been emphasized on modelling fabrication process flow of MOS based gas sensor .Different layered with material and thickness have been structured to obtain the required characteristic of gas sensor .By using piezoresistive material on fabrication layer where micro hotplate are used, the gas sensor behave as MEMS based piezoresistive gas sensor. The cavity has made on the surface to get desired response of change a level of gas concentration with pressure for detection of various hydrocarbons gases, material of fabrication layer has been used accordingly. For all this purpose the Devedit (silvaco tool)has been used.

Keywords - Devedit, Gas sensor, MEMS, Silvaco.

[1] Philip C.H. Chana,*, Gui-zhen Yana,b, Lie-yi Shenga,c, Rajnish K. Sharmaa,Zhenan Tanga,d, Johnny K.O. Sina, I-Ming Hsinge, Yangyuan Wang, "An integrated gas sensor technology using surface micro-machining", Received 14 August 2001; received in revised form 15 November 2001; accepted 25 November 2001

[2].Himani Sharma, P. A. ALVI and J. Akhtar, "A Simple Model for Complex Fabrication of MEMS Based Pressure Sensor: a Challenging Approach", Received: 20 June 2010 /Accepted: 17 August 2010 /Published: 31 August 2010

[3] Preeti Sikarwar, Shivani Saxena, Veerandra Kumar,"VHDL Implementation of MOS based Gas sensor" International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET),volume2 Issue 9,December2015.

Abstract: Organic Light Emitting Diode Display is the most emerging technology in today's era for the flexible, lightweight, and thinner display systems. OLEDs are admirable as compared with other displays in number of attributes. It can be thought of to use OLED in many specialized applications such as mobile phones, cockpit instrumentation for surface transport and probably also for aviation because of its features such as low power required, better contrast ratio, wide viewing angle, high luminance, etc.....

Keywords - OLED, Desiccants, Encapsulation, Water, Oxygen, Humidity.

[1] C. S. Lin, Y. L. Lay, H. J. Shei, S. Y. Kuo, and J. L. Hwang, "Automatic calibration of a HUD with a mechanical and photonic integrated system," J. Sci. Ind. Res. (India)., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 18–22, 2009.

[2] K. Suzuki, "Past and future technologies of information displays," IEEE Int. Devices Meet. 2005. IEDM Tech. Dig., vol. 00, no. c, 2005.

[3] I. M. L. Boroson and J. W.- Hauler, "DESICCANT SEALING ARRANGEMENT FOR OLED DEVICES," vol. 2, no. 12, 2011

[4] "desiccant - definition and meaning." [Online]. Available: https://www.wordnik.com/words/desiccant. [Accessed: 25-Feb-2016].

[5] M. Shiratori, "Organic EL element." Google Patents, 15-Sep-2015.

Abstract: In this work, it proposes mobility based dynamic reconfiguration system in WSN. In this work, it uses the concept of dynamic reconfiguration routing protocol that achieves the need of various applications and also various network conditions. In this work, an environmental data collection scenario is taken. In this, all nodes are in dynamic nature and moves randomly..........

Keywords – WSN System, Dynamic Reconfiguration System, Localization, Mobility Management etc.

[1] Rappaport, Wireless Communications, 2nd edition. Singapore: Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.
[2] Davis. Basics of Design: Battery Power Management. Supplement to Electronic Design.2004
[3] S. Gao,Y. Piao, "DRRP: A Dynamically Reconfigurable Routing Protocol for WSN", IEEE 2014.
[4] M. Mwila, K. Djouani, "An Well-organized Approach to Node Localisation and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Ad Hoc and Sensor Networking Symposium, 2014.
[5] F. Nazir, R. Boreli, Stephen Herborn, "A Case Study for Mobility Management Protocol Co-existence", IEEE 2008.

Abstract: Taking a cue from its relevance in various spheres, the detection of corners and edges for an image has firmed a concrete foundation for researchers. Since the appraisal of various techniques for the same is not occluded and hence this paper brings forth the features of comparison of various techniques in order to draw difference between them. From Harris to Moravec and Gradient-based to Canny, a study as well as an objective assessment has been communicated through this article, yielding a wrap-up of features as a target for further research in this genre.

Keywords - Auto-correlation, Corner, Edge, Gradient, Image Processing.

[1] A.A. Aly, S.B. Deris, and N. Zaki, Research Review for Digital Image Segmentation Techniques, International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology, 3(5), 2011, 99-106.
[2] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, digital image processing 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, 2002.
[3] B. S. Manjunath and R. Chellappa, A feature based approach to face recognition, Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Champaign, IL, 1992, 373-378.
[4] T.P. Patel, and S.R. Panchal, Corner Detection Techniques: An Introductory Survey, International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 2(4), 2014, 3680-3686.
[5] X. Gao, Z. Wenbo, F. Sattar, R. Venkateswarlu, and E. Sung, Scale-space Based Corner Detection of Gray Level Images Using Plessey Operator, Proc. 5th IEEE International Conf. on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, Bangkok, 2005, 683-687.

Abstract: During the past decade, wireless network has became popular. In wireless network, devices are connected through wireless links. There are two types of wireless networks infrastructure and infrastructure less network. The network in which communications among the terminal is established and maintained with help of centric controller is known as infrastructure network.......

Keywords – DSR, EPAR, Efficient energy, MANETs, Residue battery power

[1] K.S. Haseena, S. Anees and N. Madheswari, Power optimization using EPAR protocol in MANET, International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 6, 2014, 430-436.

[2] N. Fareena , A. Shunmuga, P. Mala and K. Ramarca , Mobility based energy efficient multicast protocol for MANET, Science Direct Procedia Engineering, 10, 2012, 2473 – 2483.

[3] S. Shankar, H. Narayanagowda, G. Varaprasad and G. Jayanthi, Designing energy routing protocol with power consumption optimization in MANET, IEEE Transactions, 5, 2014, 192-197.

[4] B. Sharma, S. Chugh and V. Jain, Energy efficient load balancing approach to improve AOMDV routing in MANET, Fourth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technology, IEEE DOI, 6, 2014, 187 – 192.

[5] D. Ma, S. Subasreeb and N. K Sakthivel, Performance analysis of efficient energy routing protocols in MANET, International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing Science, 8, 2015, 890 – 897.

Abstract: One is a simulation tool specially designed for DTN.ONE provides simulation environment for complete wireless networks like VANET, MANET etc. ONE provides different routing schemes and movement models. You can easily use them and perform simulation of theme according to your requirements, Using ONE simulator you can easily create new routing scheme and new movement model.....

Keywords: ONE (Opportunistic Network Environment), DTN (Delay Tolerance Network), VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network), MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network), Eclipse, JDK.

[1] Barun Saha. The ONE DTN simulator tutorial. Http://delay-tolerant-networks.blogspot.ca/p/one-tutorial.html.

[2] Keränen, A. Opportunistic Network Environment Simulator. Special Assignment report, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Communications and Networking, May 2008.

[3] Boudec, J.-Y, and Vojnovic, M. Perfect Simulation and Stationarity of a Class of Mobility Models. In Proc. Of IEEE Infocom (2005).

[4] Pelusi, Passarella, and Conti, M. Opportunistic networking: Data forwarding in disconnected mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Comm. Magazine (Nov 2006).
[5] http://www.netlab.tkk.fi/tutkimus/dtn/theone/

Abstract: Today's electronics scenario finds itself with advancement in the field of fore most important component MOSFET. Though one step ahead of MOSFET, power MOSFETs find prime and superior choice for discrete components in circuits as well as today's integrated circuits. Moreover the revolutionary usage of power mosfet for significant power handling capacity lead to the discovery of a whole new genre of power Mosfet such as VDMOS. The progressive demand for high power radio frequency applications in wireless market and superior switching speed makes VDMOS a worthy choice. This paper actuates the working model of VDMOS with its characteristics and working parameters such as breakdown voltage, on-resistance etc.

Keywords - Commutation, Power Mosfet, Transconductance,V-groove MOSFET, Vertical diffused MOSFET

[1] D. A. Neamen. semiconductor physics and devices. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

[2] M. N. Darwish and K. Board. "Optimization of Breakdown Voltage and OnResistance of VDMOS Transistors," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. ED-31, No. 12, pg 1769-1775, 1984.

[3] F. Frisina. "Fabrication of VDMOS Structure with Reduced Parasitic Effects," U.S. Patent 6,391,723, May 21, 2002.

[4] L. A. Goodman and A. M. Goodman. "Method for Making Vertical MOSFET with Reduced Bipolar Effects," U.S. Patent 4587,713, May 13, 1986.

[5] C. Contiero, A. Andreini, and M. Galbiati. "Self- Aligned Process for Fabricating small DMOS Cells," U.S. Patent 4,774,198, Sep. 27, 1988

Abstract: With the persistent scale of dielectrics through scaling technology towards the nanoscale method and a precise model of tunnel current becomes important as well as essential to understand the scaling limits. While precised by (ITRS) and elevated presentation CMOS circuit has the utmost current density limit for 90 nm skill nodes. Below 2nm oxide tunneling current becomes difficult.............

Key words: direct tunneling; gate current; gate dielectric; gate stack, nanoscale MOSFET.

[1] J.R. Brews, W. Fichtner, E H Nicollian and S M Sze, "Generalized guide for MOSFET miniaturization", IEEE Electron Device Letters, 1(1), 1980, 2–4.
[2] M. Ono, M. Saito, T. Yoshitomi, C. Fiegna, T. Ohguro and H. Iwai, "A 40 nm gate length nMOSFETs", Trans. IEEE on Electron Devices, 42(10), 1995, 1822–1830.
[3] Y. Taur, D.A. Buchanan, W. Chen, D.J. Frank, K.E. Ismail, S.H. Lo, G.A. Sai–Halasz, R.G. Viswanathan, H.J.C. Warn, S.J. Wind, H.S. Wong, "CMOS scaling into the nanometre regime", Proc. IEEE, 85(4), 1997, 486–504.
[4] A. Schenk and G. Heiser, "Modeling and simulation of tunneling through ultra–thin gate dielectrics", Journal of Applied Physics, 81(12), 1997, 7900–7908.

Abstract:MEMS gyroscope is a very important device used to measure angular rate. Gyroscopes play a vital role when we need the information about the orientation of an object and the motion of current in it. MEMS gyroscopes have a wide applications in defense, navigations, computer industries etc. In this paper the gyroscope has been used in a self designed science vehicle to stabilize the image of the ground from a height of nearly 800m.........

[1] Ali Esmaeili, Mehrnaz Aghanouri Kupaeia, Hamed Faghihiana, Hamid Reza Mirdamadia, "An adaptable broadband MEMS vibratory gyroscope by simultaneous optimization of robustness and sensitivity parameters" pp. 132-137, 2013

[2] Tao Jiang, Anlin Wang, Jiwei Jiao, Guangjun Liu "Detection capacitance analysis method for tuning fork micromachined gyroscope based on elastic body model" pp. 52-59, 2006

[3] Wei Wang, Xiaoyong Lv, Dingjie Xu "Design of multi-degree-of-freedom micromachined vibratory gyroscope with double sense-modes" pp. 6-11, 2014

[4] Sang Won Yoona, Sangwoo Lee, Khalil Najafi "Vibration-induced errors in MEMS tuning fork gyroscopes" pp. 32-44, 2012

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Abstract: In the present day scenario the security forms the most important part of our lives. Let it be in any form of life. Every one of us is in some way or the other bothered about the security of the house or the image or the near and dear ones. Now as the need for a very economic system has arise the solution has been found in a camera based security system based on the Raspberry Pi software that is extremely user friendly and cost effective. It is a credit card size computer that uses its own camera board for the security system. It is accompanied with motion detection software that enables the camera to detect the motion and save the clicked image and immediately fwd to the portable devices for live streaming. For email notification a python script is used. With these components, a cost effective and efficient security camera system is made and reported here.

Keywords: email, live streaming, motion detecting, notifications, Raspberry Pi, python.

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Techniques (ICICT), Proc. IEEE Conf., 2014.
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Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Proc. 21st IEEE Conf., 2013.
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Applications (ICISA), Proc. IEEE Conf., 2013.

Abstract: Gate All Around (GAA) FET stands out as one of the most promising FET designs to replace the currently planar MOSFETs due to its ability to provide better gate control and better immunity to short channel effects. .This paper reports the electrical characteristics of GAA Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor obtained using Extended Huckel Theory based Semi Empirical Method. The physics behind the Semi Empirical method has been presented in brief.....

Keywords – Gate All Around, MOSFETs, Semi Empirical, Extended Hückel, Nanowire, Gate Dielectric

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[3] Ali Razavieh et al., Effect of Diameter Variation on Electrical Characteristics of Schottky Barrier Indium Arsenide Nanowire Field Effect Transistors, ACS Nano, 8 (6), 2014, 6281–6287.
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