iosr-JECE   International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Management (ICETEM-2016)

Abstract: Wireless sensor network are highly distributed autonomous sensor nodes to monitor the
environment. The self-organizing ability of WSNs permits one to access data from dangerous and hostile
environments which otherwise would not be possible. Some potential applications of WSNs include : habitat
monitoring, border patrol, battle field surveillance, remote health monitoring, early warning of natural
disasters like forest fire, wildlife tracking, smart transportation, industrial process control and etc. Data
dissemination in wireless sensor network consumes lot of energy, various protocols or scheme has been
proposed over decades to reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor network. Survey highlights variety
of data dissemination schemes, each scheme has its own advantages and disadvantages.

[1] T.-S. Chen, H.-W. Tsai, Y.-H. Chang, and T.-C. Chen, Geographic convergecast using mobile sink in wireless sensor networks,"
Comput. Commun., vol. 36
[2] E. B. Hamida and G. Chelius, "Strategies for data dissemination to mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks," IEEE Wireless
Commun., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 31–37, Dec.2008.
[3] VGDRA: A Virtual Grid-Based Dynamic Routes Adjustment Scheme for Mobile Sink Based Wireless Sensor Networks Abdul
Waheed Khan, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Member, IEEE, Mohammad Abdur Razzaque, Member, IEEE, and Javed Iqbal Bangash
[4] Energy-Efficient Grid-Based Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks Ravi Kant Sahu Dept. of Computer Science and
Engineering, National Institute of Technology
[5] J.-H. Shin and D. Park, "A virtual infrastructure for large-scale wireless sensor networks," Comput. Commun., vol. 30, nos. 14–15,
pp. 2853–2866, Oct. 2007
[6] A Novel Energy Aware Data Dissemination Routing Protocol for WSN Awadhesh kumar1, Dr. Neeraj Tyagi4, Prabhat Singh2, Vinay
Kumar3

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has been an active research area for more than a decade. The
range of applications has spanned beyond military domain to commercial domains. Typically, a WSN consists
of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions. These sensors
generate report over the network on the occurrence of any event. An efficient Medium Access Control (MAC)
protocol holds a paramount importance for a WSN to provide better reliability and improved lifetime. Several
multi-channel MAC protocols exist which perform better than the single channel protocols. The function of
MAC layer is to coordinate transmission between the users sharing a spectrum and hence improves the
throughput and energy efficiency.

[1] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, "An energy -efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks," in Twenty-First Annual
Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies., vol. 3, pp. 1567–1576, 2002.
[2] J. Polastre, J. Hill, and D. Culler, "Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, pp. 95– 107, ACM,2004.
[3] Y.Kim, H. Shin, and H. Cha, "Y-MAC: An energy-efficient multichannel MAC protocol for dense wireless sensor networks," in
International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pp. 53–63, IEEE Computer Society,2008.
[4] C. Cordeiro and K. Challapali, "C-MAC: A cognitive MAC protocol for multi-channel wireless networks," in IEEE International
Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, pp. 147–157,2007.
[5] Kumaraswamy M1, Shaila K2, Tejaswi V2, Venugopal K R2, S Iyengar "Multihop Multi-Channel Distributed QOS Scheduling
MAC Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks", IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN:
2278-8727, Volume 17, Issue 2,ver 1.
[6] Bhavana Narain, Anuradha Sharma, Sanjay Kumar and Vinod Patle, "Energy Efficient MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor
Networks: A survey"International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey (IJCSES) Vol.2, No.3, August 2011 DOI :
10.5121/ijcses.2011.2309 121.

Abstract: During a synaptic transmission in a mammalian system, biological information gets transferred
from one neuron to the next by means of biomolecular signaling. This occurs through the conduction of Calcium
ions through nanopore protein channels across the neural cell membrane. This process is vital for all the
activities of the living system. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) transcription of specific neural genes in the
postsynaptic neuron also plays a major role in the entire process of synaptic transmission dynamics. Several
electronic circuits have been proposed for replicating such a neural synaptic communication process. The
invention of memristors was a major turning point in the development in this area; it provided for a much more
novel, efficient and miniaturized neural circuit emulation and has been substantiated to be the preeminent
biomimicry of biochemical mechanism occurring at the synapse. Electronic circuits that imitate biological
behavior are called biomimetics.

[1] Sadia Alam and S. M. Rezaul Hasan, A VLSI Circuit Emulation of Chemical Synaptic Transmission Dynamics and Postsynaptic
DNA Transcription, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, March 2015.
[2] S. Alam and S. M. R. Hasan, Integrated circuit modeling of biocellular post-transcription gene mechanisms regulated by microRNA
and proteasome, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 2298–2310, Sep. 2013.
Proceedings Papers:
[3] A. K. Eroglu, Z. Erden, and A. Erden, Bioinspired conceptual design (BICD) approach for hybrid bioinspired robot design process,
Proc. IEEE International Conference in Mechatronics, Istanbul, Turkey, Apr. 2011, pp. 905–910.
[4] M. L. Simpson, C. D. Cox, G. D. Peterson, and G. S. Sayler, Engineering in the biological substrate: Information processing in
genetic circuits, Proc. IEEE, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 848–863, May 2004.
[5] J. F. V. Vincent, O. A. Bogatyreva, N. R. Bogatyrev, A. Bowyer, and A. K. Phal, Biomimetics: Its practice and theory, J. Roy. Soc.
Interf., vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 471–482, August 2006.

Abstract: Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) fabricated with the provision for numerous, comparatively simpler processor cores, overcome the limitations in parallelism, clock speed and design cost encountered in large uniprocessors. This paper explores a paradigm shift in computer architecture to incorporate CMPs along with Network-on-Chips (NoCs); the latter addresses the many challenges involved in interconnecting the increased number of cores and scaling. The challenges posed by the traditional NoCs in terms of throughput, design, topology, power dissipation, bandwidth and latency optimization and on-chip temperature are eliminated through the use of Photonic NoCs (PNoCs). Silicon nanophotonics comes to the rescue by providing a replacement for electronic on-chip interconnects with its high bandwidth and better latency records. In this paper, a new architecture for NoC, referred to as LumiNoC is discussed, that is optimized for better performance and efficient power management, by conceiving partitions of the network into subnets, thereby increasing the efficiency. The simulations for router and channel architectures have been carried out in Xilinx ISE Suite 14.2.
Keywords - CMP, LumiNoC, nanophotonics, NoC, PNoC

[1] Cheng Li, Mark Browning, Paul V. Gratz, and Samuel Palermo, LumiNOC: A Power-Efficient, High-Performance, Photonic
Network-on-Chip, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Vol. 33, No. 6, June 2014.
[2] A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, Photonic networks-on-chip for future generations of chip multiprocessors, IEEE Trans.
Comput., vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 1246–1260, Sep. 2008.
Journal Papers:
[3] Martijn J. R. Heck, and John E. Bowers, Energy Efficient and Energy Proportional Optical Interconnects for Multi-Core Processors:
Driving the Need for On-Chip Sources, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 20, No. 4, July/August 2014.
Books:
[4] Christopher J. Nitta, Matthew Farrens, Venkatesh Akella., On-Chip Photonic Interconnects: A Computer Architect's Perspective
(Morgan & Claypool Publishers, October 2013).

Abstract: In 4G technology especially LTE relaying and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) are widely accepted techniques in downlink. To obtain ubiquitous coverage with high data rate to user terminals even in difficult channel conditions (e.g. cell edge) a centralized RRM algorithm has been proposed for cellular fixed relay networks in OFDMA networks. The proposed method provides the fairness for user with minimal impact on network throughput.
Keywords - RRM, OFDMA, relaying, routing, scheduling, fairness, load balancing, proportional fairness

[1] IEEE P802.16j/D1, "Draft IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: air interface for fixed and mobile
broadband wireless access systems: Multihop relay specification," pp. 1002-1007, Aug. 2007.
[2] R. Pabst, B. Walke, D. Schultz, P. Herhold, H. Yanikomeroglu, S. Mukherjee, H. Viswanathan, M. Lott, W. Zirwas, M. Dohler, H.
Aghvami, D. Falconer, and G. Fettweis, "Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband cellular radio,"
IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 80-89, Sep. 2004.
[3] Z. Han and K. J. Liu, "Resource Allocation for Wireless Networks: Basics, Techniques, and Applications". Cambridge University
Press, 2008.
[4] D. Niyato and E. Hossain, "Adaptive fair subcarrier/rate allocation in multi rate OFDMA networks: radio link level queuing
performance analysis," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1897-1907, Nov. 2006.
[5] P. Parag, S. Bhashyam, and R. Aravind, "A subcarrier allocation algorithm for OFDMA using buffer and channel state
information," in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., pp. 622-625, Sep. 2005.
[6] M. Kobayashi and G. Caire, "Joint beam forming and scheduling for a multi-antenna downlink with imperfect transmitter channel
knowledge," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1468-1477, Sep. 2007.

Abstract: Software Defined Radio (SDR) is one of possibilities to realize the structure of device with a high mobility, flexibility and reconfigurability. This technology can provide the seamless shifting between existed air-interface standards. Extending the flexibility further, a system capable to sense the spectrum space available for communication and adapt to it is cognitive radio. Obviously SDR in cognitive radio should be configured not only to independent standards, protocols and services but also to the extensively dynamic nature of bandwidth allocation. Moreover this need of dynamic allocation of Spectrum space is a must to cater to its increased demand. Cognitive radio is envisioned as the ultimate system that can sense, adapt and learn from the environment in which it operates.

[1] N. Fourty, T. Val, P. Fraisse, J.-J. Mercier ―Comparative analysis of new high data rate wireless communication technologies ―From Wi-Fi to
WiMAX‖, in Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services, Oct. 2005 pp.66 – 66.N. R.
[2] WLAN/Cellular Multi-Mode and Multi-Standard Mobile Terminals‖, in Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004, vol. 3, pp. 2248 – 2253.
[3] Samukic A., ―UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: development of standards for the third generation‖, in Global
Telecommunications Conference, Nov. 1998, vol.4, pp.1976 – 1983.
[4] Jan F. Akyildiz & etal, ―A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Netwarks‖, IEEE Communication Magazine, vol 46, pp. 40-
48, April 2008.
[5] Marco Chiani, ―Coexistence of Ultra- Wide band and other Wireless Systems: the Path towards Cognitive Radio‖, UWB Workshop, Ferrara:
2008. 2008FLEXChip Signal Processor (MC68175/D), Motorola, 1996.
[6] SDR Forum Document Number SDRF-01-S-0006- V2.00, 15 January 2002.

Abstract: In Long term evaluation (LTE) systems advanced wireless communication technique is used to minimize the Multiple Access Interference (MAI). Both transmitter and receiver are responsible for the better throughput and minimum error rate. Transmitter plays the major role and needs little efficient modification in terms of transmission power and modulation techniques. Minimum transmission power deliver the good results and it can be achieved by peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction with the help of soft computing
techniques. In this letter, we propose a new method that uses NNs trained on the active constellation extension (ACE) signals to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signals. Unlike other NN based techniques, the proposed method employs a receiver NN unit, at the OFDM receiver side, achieving significant bit error rate (BER) improvement with low computational complexity
Keywords - OFDM, PAPR, ACE, BPNN,Neural Networks.

[1] R. van Nee and R. Prasad, OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications. Artech House, 2000.
[2] B. S. Krongold and D. L. Jones, "PAR reduction in OFDM via active constellation extension," IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 49, no.
3, pp. 258- 268, Sep. 2003.
[3] Y. Kou, W.-S. Lu, and A. Antoniou, "New peak-to-average powerratio reduction algorithms for multicarrier communications,"
IEEE Trans. Circuits and Syst., vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 1790-1800, Sep. 2004.
[4] K. Bae, J. G. Andrews, and E. J. Powers, "Adaptive active constellation extension algorithm for peak-to-average ratio reduction in
OFDM," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 39-41, Jan. 2010.
[5] Y. Jabrane, V. P. G. Jimenez, A. G. Armada, B. A. E. Said, and A. A. Ouahman, "Reduction of power envelope fluctuations in
OFDM signals by using neural networks," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 599- 601, July 2010.
[6] S. Haykin, Neural Networks, A Comprehensive Foundation Macmillan, 1994.
[7] D. W. Marquardt, "An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters," J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math, vol. 11, no. 2, pp.
431-441, 1963.

Abstract: The major dynamic power consumers in computing and consumer electronics products is the
system's clock signal, typically responsible for 30%–70% of the total dynamic power consumption. Clock gating
is a predominant technique used for power saving. It is observed that the commonly used synthesis based gating
still leaves a large amount of redundant clock pulses. Data-driven gating aims to disable these. To reduce the
hardware overhead involved, flip-flops (FFs) are grouped so that they share a common clock enabling signal.
Data-driven clock gating is employed for FFs at the gate level. The clock signal driving a FF is disabled when
the FFs state is not subject to change in the next clock cycle.

[1] Shmuel Wimer, , and Israel Koren, ―Design Flow for Flip-Flop Grouping in Data-Driven Clock Gating‖, IEEE Trans. Very Large
Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst.
[2] H. Zhang, J. Rabaey, ―Low-Swing Interconnect Interface Circuit"s,ISLPED-98: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low-
Power Electronics and Design, pp. 161-166, Monterey, CA, August 1998.
[3] J. Pangjun, S. S. Sapatnekar, ―Clock Distribution using Multiple Voltages,‖ ISLPED-99: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on
Low-Power Electronics and Design, pp. 145-150, San Diego, CA, August 1999.
[4] Jagrit Kathuria, M. Ayoubkhan ,Arti Noor. " A R e v i e w o f C l o c k Ga t i n g Te ch n i q u e s " , MIT International Journal of Electronics and Communication
Engineering Vol. 1 No. 2 Aug 2011 pp 106-114.

Abstract: A Transmission line is a device designed to guide electrical energy from one point to another. It is used, for example, to transfer the output rf energy of a transmitter to an antenna. This report provides detailed discussion on the transmission line characteristics. Math lab coding is used to plot the characteristics with respect to frequency and simulation is done using HFSS.
Keywords - coupled line filters, micro strip transmission lines, personal area networks (pan), ultra wideband filter, uwb filters, ultra wide band communication systems.

[1]. Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko," RF Circuit Design –Theory and Applications" Prentice Hall, 2000.
[2]. David.M.Pozar," Microwave Engineering", Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons.Inc. 1998.
[3]. K.C Gupta, Amarjit Singh," Microwave Integrated Circuits", John Wiley& Sons
[4]. Jai-Sheng Hong and M.J.Lancaster," Microstrip Filters For RF/Microwave Applications", John Wiley & Sons.
[5]. Rajesh Mongia, Inder Bahl, Prakash Bhartia,"RF and Microwave Coupled Line Circuits", Artech House, Boston ,London
[6]. E. O. Hammerstard, "Equations for microstrip circuit design," in Proceedings of the European Microwave Conference, Hamburg,
Germany, 1975, pp. 268–272

Abstract: Visual secret sharing schemes generate noise-like random pixels on shares to hide secret images. It suffers a management problem, because of which dealers cannot visually identify each share. This problem is solved by the extended visual cryptography scheme which adds a meaningful cover image in each share. However, the previous approaches involving the EVCS for general access structures suffer from a pixel expansion problem. In this paper, we propose a general approach to solve the management and pixel expansion problems; the approach can be used for binary secret images in non computer-aided decryption environments. The proposed approach consists of two phases. In the first phase, based on a given access structure, we construct meaningless shares.

[1]. Kai-Hui Lee and Pei-Ling Chiu,"An Extended Visual Cryptography Algorithm For General Access Structures ", vol. 7, no. 1,
february 2012, IEEE transactions on information forensics and security.
[2]. M. Naor and A. Shamir, "Visual cryptography," in Proc. Advances in Cryptology (Eurprocrypt'94), 1994, pp. 1–12.
[3]. E. R. Verheul and H. C. A. v. Tilborg, "Constructions and propertiesof k-out-of- n visual secret sharing schemes," Designs Codes
Crypto., vol. 11, pp. 179–196, 1997.
[4]. H. Koga, "A general formula of the (t,n)-threshold visual secret sharing scheme," in Proc. Advances in Cryptology (Asiacrypt),
2002, pp. 328–345.
[5]. A. Adhikari and S. Sikdar, "A new (2, n)-visual threshold scheme for color images," in Proc. INDOCRYPT 2003, Berlin,
Germany, 2003, pp 148–161.
[6]. C. Blundo, P. D'Arco, A. D. Santis, and D. R. Stinson, "Contrast optimal threshold visual cryptography schemes," SIAMJ Discrete
Math., vol. 16, pp. 224–261, 2003.

Abstract: The fused floating-point three-term adder performs two additions in a single unit to achieve better performance and better accuracy compared to a network of traditional floating-point two-term adders, which is referred to as a discrete design. Here are several critical design issues for the fused floating-point three-term adder: 1) Complex exponent processing and significand alignment, 2) Complementation after the significand addition, 3) Large precision significand adder, 4) Massive cancellation management, and 5) Complex round processing. In order to further improve the performance of the three-term adder, several optimization techniques are applied including a new exponent compare and significand alignment, dual-reduction, early normalization, three-input leading zero anticipation, compound addition/rounding and pipelining. The proposed design is implemented for single precision. This paper presents improved architectures for a multi-operand floating-point three-term adder.

Transaction Papers:
[1] T. Lang and J. D. Bruguera, ―Floating-point fused multiply-add with reduced latency,‖ IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 988– 1003, Aug. 2004.
[2] E. E. Swartzlander, Jr. and H. H. Saleh, ―FFT implementation with fused floating-point operations,‖ IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 61, no. 2,pp. 284–288, Feb. 2012.
[3] P. M. Seidel and G. Even, ―Delay-optimized implementation of IEEE floating-point addition,‖ IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 53, no. 2,
pp.97– 113, Feb. 2004.
[4] J. D. Bruguera and T. Lang, ―Leading—One prediction with concurrent position correction,‖ IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 48, no. 10, pp.
1083–1097, Oct. 1999.
[5] R. Ji, Z. Ling, X. Zeng, B. Sui, L. Chen, J. Zhang, Y. Feng, and G. Luo, ―Comments on ‗Leading one prediction with concurrent
position correction',‖ IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 1726– 1727,Dec. 2009.
[6] G. Even and P.M. Seidel, ―A comparison of three rounding algorithms for IEEE floating-point multiplication,‖ IEEE Trans. Comput.,
vol. 49,pp. 638–650, 2000.