iosr-JECE   Innovation in engineering science and technology (NCIEST-2015)

Abstract: To reduce the wastage of water, the system has been designed in such a way that there should be minimum loss of water. In this Prepaid Smart Card system for Water Supply, the memory IC has been used as a smart card on which the recharge is done. Units from the smart card will decrease as the water will pass through the pipe. When this unit reaches zero value, the solenoid valve will close the water supply. In this way the process has been controlled by the microcontroller IC. Thus the concept of prepaid system is used in order to properly use the available water. This system will help the society regarding the awareness of use of water.

Keywords: Memory IC, Microcontroller, Prepaid, Recharge, Solenoid valve.

[1] Kwan B. H. and M. Moghavvemi, "PIC based smart card payment system", in Student conference on Research and Development, pp. 440-443, Malaysia, 2002.
[2] W. Rankl, W. Effing, "Smart card Handbook", John Wiley and Sons, 1997.
[3] Nusrat Sharmin Islam and Md. Wasi-ur-Rahman, "An Intelligent SMS-Based Remote water metering system", in International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), pp. 443-447, Dhaka, Bangladesh, December 2009.
[4] S. W. Lee, C. S. Wu, W. M. S. Chiou and K. T. Wu, "Design of an Automatic Meter reading system", proc of IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, vol. 1, pp. 631-636, 1996.
[5] L. Hong and L. Ning, "Design and Implementation of Remote Intelligent Management System for City Energy Resources based on Wireless Network", study of computer application, no. 12, pp. 237-239, 2004.
[6] Liting Cao, Jingwen Tian and Dahang Zhang, "Networked Remote Meter reading system based on Wireless communication Technology", IEEE International conference on Information Acquisition, pp. 172-176, Weihai, August 2006.
[7] P. Corral, B. Coronado, A. C. D. C Lima, "Design of Automatic meter reading based on Zigbee", in IEEE Latin America transactions, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1150-1155, Jan. 2012.

Abstract: Fast Fourier transforms is one of the most important frequency analysis in signal processing. It has different application such as image processing, medical field, communication system, spectral analysis etc. Butterfly is the basic elements of FFT. In this work a Distributed arithmetic technique is used to implement the butterfly module. Distributed arithmetic is Multiplier less technique resulted more efficient butterfly element both in terms of power and area. Butterfly element is the most important building block of Reconfigurable FFT processor. Single precision is used to represent the data. IEEE 754 standard is used to represent the floating point numbers.

Keywords - Complex multiplier, Digital signal processing (DSP), Distributed Arithmetic, Fast Fourier transform (FFT)

[1]. Sang Yoon Park, "Efficient FPGA and ASIC realizations of DA –based Reconfigurable FIR Digital filter," IEEE 2014 [2]. M.J.Wirthlin, "Constant Coefficient Multiplication Using Look-Up Tables," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing IEEE, vol. 36, pp. 7-15, 2004. [3]. "Distributed Arithmetic FIR Filter v9.0," Xilinx Product Specification IEEE 2004. [4]. S.J.Melnikoff, S.F.Quigley, and M.J.Russell, "Implementing a Simple Continuous Speech Recognition System on an FPGA,"presented at International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM),IEEE 2002.
[5]. A.Berkeman, V.Öwall and M.Torkelson, "A Low Logic Depth Complex Multiplier Using Distributed Arithmetic," IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, Vol. 35, No.4, April 2000
[6]. I. R. Mactaggart and M. A. Jack, "Radix-2 FFT butterfly processor using distributed arithmetic," Electronics letters 20th January 1983 IEEE vol. 19, December 1982

Abstract: Today's world is moving very fast and in this fast world we should walk together and no one should left behind. But there are some parts of society which are lagging behind because of some disabilities. One of them is blindness. Blind people have to rely on others for travelling and other activities. So to solve this problem to some extent we are introducing Ultrasonic Walking Stick for Blind People. This paper discuss about how this stick is built and how it will help blind people. There are various methods to do it and we are using helpful concepts from each paper.

Keywords: Ultrasonic sensor, water sensor, Bluetooth module, buzzer

[1] Sylvain Cardin, Daniel Thalmann and Frederic Vexo," Wearable Obstacle Detection System for visually impaired people" Virtual Reality Laboratory (VRlab)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland{sylvain.cardin, daniel.thalmann, frederic.vexo} @epfl.ch [2] Osama Bader AL-Barrm International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET) [3] B.Mohan Sitaramaiah, M.Naganaik-International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science www.ijates.com Volume No.03, Issue No. 01, January 2015 ISSN (online): 2348 – 75501q`` [4] F. van der Heijden, P.P.L. Regtien, "Wearable navigation assistance - a tool for the blind" MEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 5, Section 2, (2005) [5] Ankit Agarwal, Deepak Kumar, Abhishek Bhardwaj- International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242 Volume 4 Issue 4 (April 2015), Page No. 11375-11378

Abstract: A data monitoring system is a complete set of hardware and software that helps to obtain knowledge of the system and helps to access the data to the user. Remote monitoring system is used in different control applications, engineering systems. Many of the monitoring systems make use of the internet and internet protocols and technologies. Using these systems leads to save resources exploitation and manpower as well as can be used in the remote areas where human cannot reach. A simple definition of remote data monitor is collecting information about a system or a process.

[1] Haitao JIA, Li CA0, "A Remote Data Acquisition System Based on SMs", IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,2004.
[2] Jean Paul TalledoVilela, Jose Carlos Miranda Valenzuela, "Design and Implementation of a Wireless Remote Data Acquisition System for Mobile Applications", Research Center for Automotive Mechatronics, 2005.
[3] IoanLita, Ion BogdanCioc, IliePopa, "Technologies for Remote Data Acquisition Systems in Environmental Monitoring", IEEE Conference, 2006.
[4] Chen Xiaorong , Shi Zhan ,GeZhenhua, "Research on Remote Data Acquisition System Based on GPRS", IEEE Conference The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, 2007.
[5] DaogangPeng, Hao Zhang, Kai Zhang, Hui Li, Fei Xia, "Research and Development of the Remote I/O Data Acquisition System Based on Embedded ARM Platform", IEEE Conference International Conference on Electronic Computer Technology, 2009.

Abstract: Embedded text in the video or imaged is very much valuable which provides information of video or images. Though text present in video provides important information not all are of them are necessary as it hide important portion of the video. So, various techniques, methods have been invented to detect and remove these unwanted texts from video. This paper performs survey of various techniques which are present for text detection and removal from videos and images.

Keywords - Text detection, Bandlets, inpainting, edge detection Stroke Width Transform

[1]. W. Kim and C. Kim, "A new approach for overlay text detection and extraction from complex video scene," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 401 –411, Feb. 2009.
[2]. M. R. Lyu, J. Song, and M. Cai, "A comprehensive method for multilingual video text detection, localization, and extraction," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 243 – 255,Feb. 2005.
[3]. Yen-Lin Chen, "Automatic Text Extraction, Removal and Inpaiting of Complex Document Images," International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, Vol. 8, No.1(A), pp. 303-327, January 2012.
[4]. A. Mosleh, N. Boouguila, and A. B. Hamza, "An Automatic Inpainting Scheme for Video Text Detection and Removal," IEEE Transactions on Image processing, vol. 22, no. 11, pp.4460–4472, Nov. 2013.
[5]. Mohammad Khodadadi and AlirezaBehrad, "Text Localization, Extraction and Inpainting in color images", ICEE2012, Vol.12, IEEE, May 2012, pp. 1035-1040.
[6]. M. Cai, J. Song, and M. Lyu, "A new approach for video text detection," IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2002, pp. I– 117–I–120.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is generally known as diabetes, in which a person is diagnosed with high blood glucose level .Diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused when body is failed to produce insulin or the cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced .The presence of high blood glucose leads to damage, malfunction and failure of different organs such as eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. The diagnosis of diabetes is very important nowadays using various types of techniques. Blood glucose test is the vital method for diagnosing diabetes which is an invasive method. Non Invasive methods are also explained in detail in this paper. Here we summarize various techniques, their classification and implementation using various types of software tools and techniques. The diagnosis of diabetes can be done using Artificial Neural Network, K-fold cross validation and classification, Vector support machine, K nearest neighbour method, Data Mining Algorithm, etc.

Keywords - Diabetes Mellitus, Data Mining, Neural Network, Support Vector Machine

[1] Lakshmi V. & Thilagavathi K. (2012). "An Approach for Prediction of Diabetic disease by using b-Colouring Technique in Clustering Analysis". International Journal Of Applied Mathematical Research, 1(4), 520-530.
[2] B. Zhang, V. Bhagavatula, and D. Zhang, "Non-invasive diabetes mellitus detection using facial block color with sparse representation classifier," Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 61, no. 4, pp1027–1033, 2014.
[3] Shu Ting; Zhang, B., "Diabetes Mellitus Detection Based on Facial Block Texture Features Using the Gabor Filter," in Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-6, 19-21 Dec. 2014
[4] Barakat N.; Bradley, A.P.; Barakat, M.N.H., "Intelligible Support Vector Machines for Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus," in Information Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on , vol.14, no.4, pp.1114-1120, July 2010
[5] Jaafar, S.F.B.; Ali, D.M., "Diabetes mellitus forecast using artificial neural network (ANN)," in Sensors and the International Conference on new Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research, 2005 Asian Conference on , vol., no., pp.135-139, 5-7 Sept. 2005
[6] Zhang, B.; Kumar, B.V.K.V.; Zhang, D., "Detecting Diabetes Mellitus and Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Tongue Color, Texture, and Geometry Features," in Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on , vol.61, no.2, pp.491-501, Feb. 2014

Abstract: The An audio fingerprint is popular nowadays due to its compact size and faster identification of song. When we like the song being played on the radio and do not have information about the song, then capture the fraction of currently playing song and input this audio clip to music identification system. This system generates an audio fingerprint of input song and compares with the audio fingerprints stored in the database. After finding the best match, it displays the information regarding the song and plays back the song. Here, Fractional Fourier Transform is used to generate an audio fingerprint. Audio fingerprints are made using another two different methods: FFT and MFCC. For the generation of an audio fingerprint, an audio clip is given as an input query. These generated fingerprints compared with the fingerprint stored in the database. After finding the best match, it displays metadata of song and playback the song.

Keywords - Audio Fingerprint, Energy Differences, Fractional Fourier Transform

1]. J.Haitsma and T. Kalker, "A highly robust audio fingerprinting system," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Music Information Retrieval, pp.
107-115, 2002.
[2]. E.Unal et al., "Challenging uncertainty in query by humming systems: a fingerprinting approach," IEEE Transactions on Audio,
Speech and Language Processing, vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 359-371, 2008.
[3]. D.G.Bhalke, C.B.Ramarao and D. S. Bormane, "Automatic musical instrument classification using Fractional Fourier Transform
based-MFCC features and counter propagation neural network," Journal of Intelligent Information System, Springer International
Publishing, DOI: 10.1007/S10844-015-0360-9.
[4]. Dr.S.D.Apte, Speech and Audio Processing, Wiley-India, 2012.
[5]. P. Doets and R. Lagendijk, "Distortion estimation in compressed music using only audio fingerprints," IEEE Transactions on
Audio, Speech and Language Processing, vol.16, No. 2, Feb. 2008.

Abstract: Smart grid is an intelligent power network featured by its two-way flows of electricity and information. With an integrated communication infrastructure, smart grid manages the operation of all connected components to provide reliable and sustainable electricity supplies. In smart power grid, an efficient reliable communication architecture plays an important role in improving efficiency, stability and sustainability. The communication infrastructure is multilayered structure that extends the whole smart grid from home area network (HAN) to Neighbourhood area network (NAN) and wide area networks (WAN). For communication between the subnetworks a cognitive radio technology is added which improve spectrum efficiency by utilizing all available spectrum resources in smart grid. This paper focuses on cognitive radio based communication architecture for smart grid. The cognitive radio is mentioned to achieve dynamic spectrum access, interference avoidance, data throughput adaptive and act as a backup wireless communication technique in emergency situations for critical data transmission.

Keywords - Home Area Network, Neighbourhood Area Network, Wide Area Networks, Cognitive Radio Communication.

1] Murat Kuzlu, Manisa Pipattanasomporn, Saifur Rahman, "Communication network requirements for major smart grid applications in HAN, NAN and WAN," Computer Networks, Volume 67, Pages 74-88, 4 July 2014
[2] Weixiao Meng; Ruofei Ma; Hsiao-Hwa Chen, "Smart grid neighbourhood area networks: a survey,"IEEE Network, vol.28, no.1, pp.24,32, January-February 2014
[3] Yinghua Han; Jinkuan Wang; Qiang Zhao; Peng Han, "Cognitive information communication network for smart grid," International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST), pp.847,850, 23-25 March 2012.
[4] Ye Yan; Yi Qian; Sharif, H.; Tipper, D., "A Survey on Smart Grid Communication Infrastructures Motivations, Requirements and Challenges," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol.15, no.1, pp.5,20, First Quarter 2013
[5] Rong Yu; Yan Zhang; Gjessing, S.; Chau Yuen; Shengli Xie; Guizani,M.,"Cognitive radio based hierarchical communications infrastructure for smart grid," IEEE Network, vol.25, no.5, pp.6,14, September-October 2011
[6] H. Gharavi and B. Hu, "Multigate Communication Network for Smart Grid," Proceedings IEEE, vol. 99, no. 6, Jun. 2011, pp. 1028–45.

Abstract: Software Engineering is an approach to build with a systematic & scientific way instead of ad hoc basis. Through tools, techniques & procedures laid by Software Engineering are powerful & very useful in long term but at times they are quite tedious & developers may ignore those things. And the worst thing is that people who develop the software for all does not have optimum & versatile software for their own purpose.

Keywords – Project estimation, Activity planning, System design, Critical path method, Program evaluation and review technique, Function point analysis.

[1] Critical Path Analysis A Planning/Time Management Tool for Managing Research By Roger Hiemstra October, 2000. [2] PERT, CPM and GANTT November 20, 1997 Taken from "A Professional's Guide to Systems Analysis", Martin E Modell, 2nd. Ed. McGraw Hill, 1996 [3] Book, Allen & Hamilton, New Uses and Management Implications of PERT Booz, Allen & Hamilton, New York, NY, 1964. [4] Levin, Richard I., and Charles A. Kirkpatrick, Planning and Control with PERT/CPA4, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1966. [5] Hansen, B.J., Practical PERT Including Critical Path Method, America House, Washington D.C., 1966.

Abstract: In any surgery, the first important phase is an insertion of an intravenous (IV) catheter. The major problem face by the physicians is difficulty in accessing vein for IV drug delivery or taking blood samples for test. In case of children, adults, critical care patients etc. It is very difficult task. Unnecessary puncturing of veins occurs due to poor visibility. Wrong puncturing may leads many problems such as bruises or permanently damage the vein. To overcome from these problems there is a need of vein detection system. The paper presents an approach for Infrared Vein detection System. In the proposed work Infrared radiation is used to identify the veins appears on the back of the hands and Smartphone camera is used to capture the images. The preprocessing is done to enhance the vein image using MATLAB 2009 of version 7.9.0. The two key characteristics of this device discussed in the paper are portability and low cost.

[1] Manam Mansoor., et al., "Real Time Low Cost Infrared Vein Imaging System.", In IEEE International conference on Signal
Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition [ICSIPR], Coimbatore, pp. 117 – 121. Feb. 2013.
[2] Ajay Kumar, et al., "Personal Authentication Using Hand Vein Triangulation and Knuckle Shape.", IEEE Transaction on image
processing. vol.18, no. 9, pp 2127 – 2136, September 2009.

Abstract: Hummingbird algorithm is a newly proposed lightweight cryptographic algorithm targeted for low-cost RFID low cost RFID tag. Hummingbird is a novel Ultra-light weight cryptographic encryption scheme used for RFID applications of privacy-preserving identification and mutual authentication protocols, motivated by the well known enigma machine. Hummingbird is expected to meet the stringent response time and power consumption requirements which can provide the designed security with a small block size. This algorithm shows resistant to the most common attacks like linear and differential cryptanalysis. In the proposed paper FPGA PROASIC3 has been used. FPGA is an Integrated Circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing. FPGA is used because it helps in power optimization which increases the efficiency and as it is programmable.

Keywords: FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register)..

[1]. "Low Power Implementation of Hummingbird Cryptographic Algorithm for RFID tag", Meng-Qin Xiao, Xiang Shen, Yu-Qing Yang, Jun-Yu Wang.
[2]. "Lightweight Implementation of Hummingbird Cryptographic Algorithm on 4-bit Microcontrollers", Xinxin Fan, Honggang Hu.

Abstract: Nowadays Car detection techniques are developing and existing techniques are improving to get better accuracy results. This methods mostly used in traffic monitoring, speed management and also in military applications. Aerial view has the advantage of providing a better perspective of the area being covered. So in this area experts make use of the aerial images or videos taken from aerial vehicles. Detection of cars can be either from the dynamic aerial imagery, wide area motion imagery or the images can be of low resolution and static in nature. The purpose of this paper is to provide a survey of research related to car detection techniques with better accuracy level and the application of car detection techniques for traffic management and other applications. Keywords: Car detection, feature extraction, scale invarient feature transform (SIFT). Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG), Support Vector machine (SVM).

[1] S. Hinz and A. Baumgartner, "Vehicle detection in aerial images uses generic features, grouping, and context," in Proc. DAGM-Symp.,Sep.2001,vol.2191, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 45–52. [2] Luo-wei tsai, Jun-wei hsieh, member, IEEE, and Kuochin fan, member, IEEE, "Vehicle detection using normalized color and edge map", IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 16, no. 3, March 2007. [3] M. Hansen, P. Anadan, K. Dana, G. van de Wal, P. Burt, "Real-timescene stabilization and Mosaic Construction", Proc of IEEE CVPR,1994, 54-62) [4] Samir Sahli, Yueh Ouyang , Yunlong Sheng , Daniel A. lavigne "Robust vehicle detection in low-resolution aerial imagery" a Image Science group. [5] Xianbin Cao, Changxia Wu, Pingkun Yan, Xuelong Li3 "Linear SVM classification using boosting hog features for vehicle detection in low-altitude airborne videos" University of Science and Technology of China. [6] Xinchu Shi1, Haibin Ling, Erik Blasch, Weiming Hu1 "Context-Driven Moving Vehicle Detection in Wide Area Motion Imagery" National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China Department of Computer and Information Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA Air Force Research Lab, USA

Abstract: Emotion recognition from human speech signal has gained increasing attention by researchers in past few years. It is the process in which one of the emotional states of human is assigned to well known categories of emotion like happiness, sadness, anger, etc. Along with analysis phase, synthesis or conversion of emotion from one state to another state is also the attractive area for researchers. The present paper deals with the same set of analysis-synthesis approach. We have focused our work on two emotions namely happy and anger. We have concentrated on pitch and the vocal tract parameters in time domain namely LPC. The present work tries to track and modify the pitch marks and LPCs of each segment for emotion conversion. An all pole model system is designed in order to synthesize emotional speech. The modified filter is excited by modified source system.

[1]. M. Schroeder, "Emotional speech synthesis: A review," Proceedings of Eurospeech 2001, 1, pp. 561–564, Aalborg, Denmark, 2001.
[2]. Dimitrios Ververidis, Constantine Kotropoulos, Emotional speech recognition: Resources, features, and methods, Speech Communication, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2006, Pages 1162-1181, ISSN 0167-6393, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2006.04.003. [3]. Bozkurt, Elif, Engin Erzin, and Çigdem Eroğlu Erdem. "Use of line spectral frequencies for emotion recognition from speech." 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2010. IEEE, (pp. 3708-3711). 2010.
[4]. Koolagudi, S.G.; Reddy, R.; Rao, K.S., "Emotion recognition from speech signal using epoch parameters," International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications (SPCOM),2010, IEEE, vol., no., pp.1,5, 18-21 July 2010
[5]. Ziolko, M.; Jaciow, P.; Igras, M., "Combination of Fourier and wavelet transformations for detection of speech emotions," 7th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), 2014, IEEE,vol., no., pp.49,54, 16-18 June 2014

Abstract: Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks can be divided into proactive, reactive and hybrid routing. Each routing protocol has its advantages and disadvantages. A service is force-terminated when the working routing protocol can no longer support all sensor network operations. This work describes an adaptive routing protocol based on the redundancy node and the dual routing protocol. By using the redundancy node strategy, a sensor network can be divided into operating and sleeping modes and then services can be delivered using a different routing protocol. Dual routing protocol individually designs two different routing protocols in the sensor node by exploiting the advantages of these two routing protocols to send the data. Simulation results indicate that the proposed mechanism can increase the packet delivery ratio by approximately 44 percent over that of available proactive/reactive routing protocols.

Keywords: Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), On-Demand DistanceVector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), route request (RREQ), route reply (RREP),Network Simulator(NS2).

[1] S. Mukhopadhyay and Y. Huang, "Sensor- advancements in modeling, design issues, fabrication and practical applications," Springer, 2008 [2 P. Biswas and S. Phoha, "Self-organizing sensor networks for integrated target surveillance," IEEE transactions on computers,," vol. Vo1.55, no. No.8, pp. pp.1033–1047, August 2007. [3] M. Hansen, P. Anadan, K. Dana S. Kulkarni, A. Lver and C. Rosenberg, "An Address-light, Integrated MAC and Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.14, No.4, pp.793-806, August 2006 [4] T.R. Park and MJ. Lee, "Power Saving Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks on IEEE 802.15.4," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vo1.46,No.6, pp.148-155, June 2008. [5] Xianbin Cao N. Riaz and M. Ghavami, "An Energy-Efficient Adaptive Transmission Protocol for Ultrawideband Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vo1.58, No.7, pp.3647-3660, September 2009

Abstract: Malignant melanoma cases are increasing day by day. The early detection of the type of skin lesion can be beneficial for increasing the survival rate. The obtained dermoscopic images of skin contain hair. These have to be removed for proper detection and improvisation in successive image processing modules. This paper puts a light on the different hair removal methods in dermoscopic images.

Keywords: Dermoscopy, Hair Removal, Melanoma, Morphological closing, Skin Lesion

[1] Q. Abbas, M. E. Celebi, and I. F. García, Hair removal methods: A comparative study for dermoscopy images, Biomed. Signal Process. Control, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 395-404, 2011. [2] P. Wighton, T. K. Lee, and M. S. Atkins, Dermascopic hair disocclusion using inpainting, Proc. SPIE, vol. 6914, pp. 691427V-1-691427 V-8,Mar. 2008. [3] P. Schmid-Saugeon, J. Guillod, and J.-P. Thiran, Towards a computer aided diagnosis system for pigmented skin lesions, Comput. Med. Imag. Graph., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 65-78, 2003. [4] F.-Y. Xie, S.-Y. Qin, Z.-G. Jiang, and R.-S. Meng, PDE-based unsupervised repair of hair-occluded information in dermoscopy images of melanoma, Comput. Med. Imag. Graph., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 275-282,2009.

Abstract: Different way are used for determining the way of health condition of person. Researchers design different type of health monitoring system as per requirement using different hardware platform. Here, design of body temperature measurement device using PSoC3 as new hardware platform with low cost and low power consumption rate. Here, for body temperature measurement temperature sensor is used. PSoC3 is design by the Cypress Semiconductor. PSoC consist of 8–bit microcontroller processor with analog peripheral and digital peripheral. Traditional MCU- based system component is replaced by PSoC. Keywords: Temperature sensor, PSoC.

[1] D.J.R.Kiran Kumar, Nalini Kotnana, "Design and Implementation of Portable Health Monitoring system using PSoC Mixed Signal Array chip", International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Pg no. 59-66, VOL. 1, Issue-3, August 2012.
[2] Mahima Rathore, "Design and Prototyping of PSoC based Pulse Oximeter", International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Pg no. 1-5, VOL. 3, Issue 10, October-2012 1 ISSN 2229-5518.
[3] Fei Hu, Shruti Lakdawala, Qi Hao, Member, IEEE, and Meikang Qiu, Senior Member, IEEE, "Low-Power, Intelligent Sensor Hardware Interface for Medical Data Preprocessing", IEEE Transcation on Information Technology IN BIOMEDICINE, Pg no. 656-663, VOL. 13, NO. 4, July 2009.
[4] Fei Hu, Member, IEEE, Meng Jiang, Member, IEEE, Mark Wagner, Member, IEEE, and De-Cun Dong, Senior Member, IEEE "Privacy-Preserving Telecardiology Sensor Networks:Toward a Low-Cost Portable Wireless Hardware/Software Codesign", IEEE Transcation on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Pg no. 619-627, VOL. 11, NO. 6, November 2007.
[5] Raksha Iyer, R. M. Potdar, Neelam Dewangan, Jayant Rajpurohit, "Advancement of Low-cost Medicare System for the Measurement of Physiological Parameters of Human Body", International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ,ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Pg no. 134-138, VOL. 1, Issue-6, August 2012.
[6] Uttam. U. Deshpande, V. R. Kulkarni, "Wireless ECG monitoring system with remote data logging using PSoC and CyFi", International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Pg no. 2770-2779, Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2013.

Abstract: Music mood describes the inherent emotional expression of a music clip. It is helpful in music understanding, music retrieval, and some other music related applications. Over the past decade, a lot of research has been done in audio content analysis for extracting various kinds of information, especially the moods it denotes, from an audio signal, because music expresses emotions in a concise and succinct way, in an effective way. People select music compatibility to their moods and emotions, making the need to classify music in accordance to moods. In this paper different mood models are described which uses to detect different moods using different methods as hierarchical method and nonhierarchical method with GMM, SVM.

Keywords: Hierarchical framework, mood detection, mood tracking, music emotion, music informationretrieval, music mood, GMM, SVM.

[1] Bhat, A.S.; Amith, V.S.; Prasad, N.S.; Mohan, D.M., "An Efficient Classification Algorithm for Music Mood Detection in Western and Hindi Music Using Audio Feature Extraction," Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP), 2014 Fifth International Conference on , vol., no., pp.359,364, 8-10 Jan. 2014 [2] Lie Lu; Dan Liu; Hong-Jiang Zhang, "Automatic mood detection and tracking of music audio signals," Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, IEEE Transactions on , vol.14, no.1, pp.5,18, Jan. 2006

Abstract: Gestures are the motion of the body or physical action form by the user in order to convey some meaningful information. Hand gesture recognition system can be used as an interface to communicate with speech impaired and will bridge the communication gap between hearing impaired and normal people. Gesture recognition is very challenging research area and different methods such as hidden Markov models (HMM), particle filtering and condensation, finite-state machine as statistical modeling, optical flow, skin color, etc. are being used to obtain better results. Among these methods, HMM has proved to be the most frequent tool. It is statistical model and has been successfully applied for spatial-temporal processes with finite number of states. In a particular state one can use an outcome or observation according to an associated probability distribution which is used in robot movement, bioinformatics, speech and gesture recognition.

Keywords- Gesture recognition, Hidden Markov Model, spatial-temporal process.

[1] Ahmad, S.U.-D.; Akhter, S., "Real time rotation invariant static hand gesture recognition using an orientation based hash code," International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), vol., no., pp.1,6, 17-18 May 2013. [2] Al-Ahdal, M.E.; Tahir, N.M., "Review in Sign Language Recognition Systems," IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics (ISCI), vol., no., pp.52,57, 18-20 March 2012 [3] Zhong Yang; Yi Li; Weidong Chen; Yang Zheng, "Dynamic hand gesture recognition using hidden Markov models," 7th International Conference on ,Computer Science & Education (ICCSE), vol., no., pp.360,365, 14-17 July 2012.
[4] Gaus, Y.F.A.; Wong, F., "Hidden Markov Model-Based Gesture Recognition with Overlapping Hand- Head/Hand-Hand Estimated Using Kalman Filter," Third International Conference on ,Intelligent

Abstract: All existing transistors contents semiconductor junctions. A distance between junctions in modern device drops below 10nm, then high doping concentration gradients become necessary. Law of diffusion and statistical nature of the distribution of the dopant atoms, such junctions represent an increasingly difficult fabrication challenge for the semiconductor industry. Here, in this paper present junctionless transistors and Dual material gate silicon on Insulator Junctionless Transistor (DMG SOI JLT) is proposed in this paper. Its characteristics is demonstrated & compared with a single Material gate SOI JLT using EDA tools used for simulation. The result shows that the DMG-SOI JLT has a number of desirable features, such as high on state current. The potential distribution of DMG SOI JLT has an abrupt change the transition of two gates and enhances the electric field in the channel.

[1] Colinge JP, Lee CW, Afzalian A, Akhavan ND, Yan R, Ferain I, et al‖Nanowire transistors without junctions.‖,Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010;5:225–9.
[2] Chi Woo lee,Aryan Afazalian, Nima Dehdashti, Ran Yan,J.P.Colinge,‖Junctionless Multigate Field Effect Transistor‖,Applied Physics Letters 94,053511 (2009).
[3] J.P.Colinge, Chi-woo lee, Isabelle Ferain, Nima Dehdashti,Ran Yan, Pedram Razavi,‖Reduced electric Field in Junctionless Transistors‖, Applied Physics Letters 96, 073510 (2010).
[4] D.Y.Jeon, S.J.Park,M.Mouis,S.Barraud,G.T.Kim,G. Ghibaudo,‖A new method for the extraction of flatband voltage and doping concentration in Trigate Junctionless Transistor‖, solid state Electronics 81(2013) 113-118.
[5] C.-W. Lee, A. N. Nazarov, I. Ferain, N. D. Akhavan, R. Yan, P. Razavi, et al., ―Low subthreshold slope in junctionless multigate transistor,‖ Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 96, no. 10, pp. 102106-1–102106-3, Mar. 2010.
[6] C.-W. Lee, I. Ferain, A. Afzalian, R. Yan, N. D. Akhavan, P. Razavi, et al., ―Performance estimation of junctionless multigate transistors,‖ Solid State Electron., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 97–103, Feb. 2010.

Abstract: Raga plays an important role in Indian classical music. Raga consists of different characteristics which make each raga unique in it. Raga is sequential collection of swaras and it is divided into two systems Hindustani (North Indian) music, Carnatic (South Indian) music. In this paper, we discussed basic introduction about raga identification. We surveyed the different raga identification techniques such as scale matching, arohana avarohana pattern, statistical approach and Pakad matching, Pitch class distribution (PCD) and pitch class dyad distribution (PCDD), An unsupervised statistical approach: LDA model, swara intonation. We reviewed these techniques with their system structure and results obtained by them. We have identified the challenges associated with raga identification and related future work.

Keywords : Indian classical music, Pitch, Raga identification, Swara

[1] Rajeswari Sridhar, T.V.Geetha, "Raga identification of Carnatic music for music information retrieval", In proc. Of International Journal of recent Trends in Engineering,Vol.1,No.1, page 1-2,May 2009 [2] Rajeswari Sridhar, Manasa Subramanian, B. M. Lavanya, B. Malinidevi, T. V. Geetha, "Latent Dirichlets Allocation Model for Raga Identification of Carnatic music", In proc. of Journal of Computer Science 7(11):1711-1716, pages 1-4, 2011. [3] R. Sudha, A. Kathirvel, RMD. Sundaram, "A system of Tool for Identifying Ragas using MIDI", in proc. Of 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering, IEEE, pages 644-647, 2009. [4] Surendra Shetty, K. K. Achary, "Raga Mining of Indian Music by extracting Arohana-Avarohana pattern", In proc. Of International Journal of recent Trends in Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, pages 1-4, May 2009.

Abstract: The title of our project is Thief detection system using flex sensor based on GSM technology. It involves microcontroller 89S52, ADC 0809, LCD, flex sensor, IR sensor, limit switch, etc which is being used to prevent and control the theft. The developed system is an embedded system based on GSM technology. The system is installed on the door. An interfacing GSM modem is also connected to the microcontroller to send the message to the owner's mobile. The main objective of this project is to protect the locker from any unauthorized access, as the door is open message is displayed on LCD that theft is detected and the same message is send to the owner by Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication technology. This system deals with the concept of any type of security. The main concept in this design is introducing the flex sensor into the embedded system, flex sensor changes its resistance as it bends. The entire designed unit is on a single board.

[1]. Let Us C -Fifth Edition -Yashavant P. Kanetkar
[2]. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly - Muhammad Ali Mazidi ;Janice Gillispie Mazidi ;Rolin D. McKinlay

Abstract: The automatic drip irrigation is aprocees which help everyone tp take care of agriculture area.Because of sensors to identify the moisture content of the specific area.Zigbee been used to transfer information to the connected pc.Motor will be working according to the information recived .

Keywords - ARM, RS232 , ZIGBEE Module, Relay , Motor

[1] Microcontroller based drip irrigation, technical paper on Drip Irrigation www.engineers .com April 30, 2010
[2] "Irrigating basics" published in American nurseryman, December 1, 2007
[3] Mahir Dursun and Semih Ozden "A wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture sensors", Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 6(7), pp. 1573-1582, 4 April, 2011 .Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE ISSN 1992-2248 ©2011 Academic Journals.
[4] Awati J.S., and Patil V.S. ETC department, RIT, Sakharale, Sangli, MS, India.SETI, Panhala, Kolhapur, MS, India. "Automatic Irrigation Control by using wireless sensor networks", Journal of Exclusive Management Science - June 2012-Vol 1 Issue 6 - ISSN 2277 – 5684.
[5] K.Prathyusha1, M. Chaitanya Suman2.., "DESIGN OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS FOR THE AUTOMATION OF DRIP IRRIGATION", International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2012 ISS N 2319 – 4847
[6] Ashok & K.Ashok,; " Microcontroller based drip irrigation system", published in technical paper in www. Engineers.com on April 30th, 2010.
[7] Rafael Muñoz-Carpena and Michael D. Dukes., "Automatic Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture for Vegetable Crops" Published in 2nd international conferrance on Irrigation And Drainage/ May 12-15./ #AE354.

Abstract: The techniques of speech enhancement are used to minimize the undesirable external noises; the speech signal get degraded due to these external noises and this noises are background noise, wind noise, and other noises. These noises generated due to environmental sources such as vehicular noise, street noise, babble noise, etc. Therefore, the speech enhancement plays an important role to reduce unwanted noise from the speech signal. This paper shows the single channel, the speech enhancement techniques based on a Spectral Subtraction Method (SSM) and Wavelet Packets Method (WPM) have been used for removing the noises. The performance of enhanced speech signal has been evaluated by measuring the speech quality parameters like as cross-correlation, average absolute distortion (AAD), Peak Signal to noise ratio (PSNR and Mean Square Error (MSE). The speech signal recorded in male voice and the Noizeus Speech database with different speech signals has been used to test the performance of this system. The experimental result shows that the Wavelet Packet method is more suitable for speech enhancement

[1]. Islam, M.T.; Shahnaz, C.; Fattah, S.A., "Speech enhancement based on a modified spectral subtraction method," Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on , vol., no., pp.1085,1088, 3-6 Aug. 2014 doi: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2014.6908607.
[2]. Gupta, V.K.; Bhowmick, A.; Chandra, M.; Sharan, S.N., "Speech Enhancement Using MMSE Estimation and Spectral Subtraction Methods," Devices and Communications (ICDeCom), 2011 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,5, 24-25 Feb. 2011,doi: 10.1109/ICDECOM.2011.5738532.
[3]. Goodarzi, H.M.; Seyedtabaii, S., "Speech Enhancement Using Spectral Subtraction Based on a Modified Noise Minimum Statistics Estimation," INC, IMS and IDC, 2009. NCM '09. Fifth International Joint Conference on , vol., no., pp.1339,1343, 25-27 Aug. 2009,doi: 10.1109/NCM.2009.272.
[4]. Bing-yin Xia; Yan Liang; Chang-chun Bao, "A modified spectral subtraction method for speech enhancement based on masking property of human auditory system," Wireless Communications & Signal Processing, 2009. WCSP 2009. International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,5, 13-15 Nov. 2009. doi: 10.1109/WCSP.2009.5371466.
[5]. Udrea, R.M.; Ciochina, S., "Speech enhancement using spectral over-subtraction and residual noise reduction," Signals, Circuits and Systems, 2003. SCS 2003. International Symposium on , vol.1, no., pp.165,168 vol.1, 0-0 2003,doi: 10.1109/SCS.2003.1226974.
[6]. Hasan, M.K.; Salahuddin, S.; Khan, M.R., "A modified a priori SNR for speech enhancement using spectral subtraction rules," Signal Processing Letters, IEEE , vol.11, no.4, pp.450,453, April 2004,doi: 10.1109/LSP.2004.824017.

Abstract: Now days, there is increasing demand for breath analysis in clinical society as it is used as a diagnostic tool. The exhaled human breath contains many gases. These gases are the indicators of the presence of different diseases. So, by measuring the concentration of these different gases, we can diagnose thevarious diseases. Some of the traditional methods for disease diagnosis such as blood test which is an invasive method and also take much more time to give the results. While, breath analysis is non-invasive method for disease diagnosis, also it is a real time method. This work focuses on detection of ammonia in exhaled human breath for the detection of presence of renal disease that is kidney dysfunction. This paper presents the use of semiconductor gas sensor which is sensitive to ammonia for the detection of ammonia from exhaled human breath.

[1] Dongmin Guo, David Zhang, Fellow, IEEE, Naimin Li, Lei Zhang, Member, IEEE, and Jianhua Yang,"A Novel Breath Analysis System Based on Electronic Olfaction", "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING" [2] Perena Gouma, Krithika Kalyanasundaram, Xiao Yun, Student Member, IEEE, Milutin Stanacevic, Member, IEEE, and Lisheng Wang, "Nanosensor and Breath Analyzer for Ammonia Detection in Exhaled Human Breath", "IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 10, NO. 1, JANUARY 2010" [3] Thara Seesaard, Chayanin Khunarak and Teerakiat Kerdcharoen Materials Science and Engineering Programme Faculty of science, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand, Taya Kitiyakara Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand, "Development of an Electronic Nose for Detection and Discrimination of Exhaled Breath of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients","2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics October 14-17, 2012, COEX, Seoul, Korea" [4] Rossella Blatt, Andrea Bonarini, Elisa Calabro, Matteo Della Torre, Matteo Matteucci, Ugo Pastorino, "Lung Cancer Identification by an Electronic Nose based on an Array of MOS Sensors", "Proceedings Of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Orlando, Florida,USA, August 12-17, 2007"

Abstract: This project aims in providing a user friendly, reliable and automated 3- phase water pump control system for farmers. Here the automation process is done through the wireless GSM technology. Automation of water pump includes monitoring of availability of proper electric supply, water level inside the reservoir, flow rate of water through pump and also taking care of short circuit conditions related to irrigation pump. The microcontroller ATMEGA 16 is the heart of this system. The design of this system is very much sensitive and should be handled with utmost care because the microcontroller is a 5 volts device and it is employed to control high voltage 3-phase irrigation water pump.

[1] S. Barrett, Embedded System Design with the Atmel AVR Microcontroller:Part I. Morgan Claypool,2009.[Online].Available:http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6814202
[2] S. Barrett, Embedded System Design with the Atmel AVR Microcontroller:Part II. Morgan Claypool,2009.[Online].Available:http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6814198
[3] Nguyen Tang Kha Duy and Nguyen Dinh Tu and Tra Hoang Son and Luong Hong Duy Khanh,"Automated monitoring and control system for shrimp farms based on embedded system and wireless sensor network",Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), 2015 IEEE International Conference ,March 2015
[4] Asolkar, P.S and Bhadade, U.S.,"An Effective Method of Controlling the Greenhouse and Crop Monitoring Using GSM",IEEE Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), Vol- 69,Feb. 2015,pages 214 219,
[5] C.B. Hedley, J.W. Knox, S.R. Raine, R. Smith," Water: Advanced Irrigation Technologies",sciencedirect,Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 2014, Pages 378-406

Abstract: This paper presents a survey on different image processing techniques to identify and classify plant diseases. Growing pollution, nutrient deficiency, drought etc are the reasons because of which plants are prone to the different diseases. Diseases can be found on root, stem, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. To suggest appropriate remedy for corresponding disease, identification and classification of diseases is very important. Human Vision has limitations in identifying the diseases and it affects the accuracy. Accurate and timely identification/detection of the diseases keep away the plants from qualitative and quantitative loss. This paper explains different image processing techniques to detect the diseases.

Keywords: Co-Occurrence Method, Fuzzy entropy, Gabor filter, Seeded Region Growing algorithm Support Vector Machine.

[1] Woodford, Brendon J., Nikola K. Kasabov, and C. Howard Wearing. "Fruit image analysis using wavelets." Proceedings of the ICONIP/ANZIIS/ANNES. Vol. 99. 1999. [2] Majid, Kholis, Yeni Herdiyeni, and Abdul Mannan Rauf. "I-PEDIA: Mobile application for paddy disease identification using fuzzy entropy and probabilistic neural network." Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS), 2013 International Conference on. IEEE, 2013. [3] Orillo, John William, et al. "Identification of diseases in rice plant (oryza sativa) using back propagation Artificial Neural Network." Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM), 2014 International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.
[4] Rastogi, A.; Arora, R.; Sharma, S., "Leaf disease detection and grading using computer vision technology & fuzzy logic," in Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2015 2nd International Conference on , vol., no., pp.500-505, 19-20 Feb. 2015
[5] Yan-Cheng Zhang; Han-Ping Mao; Bo Hu; Ming-Xi Li, "Features selection of cotton disease leaves image based on fuzzy feature selection techniques," in Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, 2007. ICWAPR '07. International Conference on , vol.1, no., pp.124-129, 2-4 Nov. 2007.

Abstract: The rapidly growing technology has made it possible for the communication systems to transfer data almost everywhere on this planet. But the limited bandwidth allocated to a large number of users restricts the bandwidth availability to the users. This scenario creates a technological challenge to develop the data transmission schemes which are bandwidth efficient. Multicarrier modulation is such a scheme that transmits the data by dividing the serial high data rate streams into a number of low data rate parallel data streams. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a kind of multi-carrier modulation, which divides the available spectrum into a number of parallel subcarriers and each subcarrier is then modulated by a low rate data stream at different carrier frequency.

[1]. R.W. Klein, M.A. Temple, R.A. Raines, and R.L. Claypoole Jr., "Interference Avoidance Communications Using Wavelet Domain Transformation Techniques", IEEE Electronic Letters, vol. 37, no. 15, pp. 987–989, 2001. [2]. G. Gowri, G. Uma Maheswari, E. Vishnupriya, S. Prabha, D. Meenakshi, N. R. Raajan, "Performance Analysis of DWT-OFDM and FFT-OFDM systems", International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), vol. 5, no. 2, 2013. [3]. Swati Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar, "BER Performance Evaluation of FFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM", International Journal of Network and Mobile Technologies, vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 110-116, 2011. [4]. Rohit Bodhe, Satish Narkhede, Shirish Joshi, "Design of Simulink Model for OFDM and Comparison of FFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1914-1924, 2012. [4]. Achala Deshmukh, Shrikant Bodhe, "Comparison of DCT and Wavelet Based OFDM System Working in 60 GHz Band", International Journal of Advancements in Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 74-83, 2012. [5]. M. B. Veena, M. N. Shanmukha Swamy, "Performance analysis of DWT based OFDM over FFT based OFDM and implementing on FPGA" International Journal of VLSI design & Communication Systems (VLSICS), vol.2, no. 3, 2011. [6] J. A. C. Bingham, "Multicarrier modulation for data transmission: An idea whose time has come," IEEE Communication Magazines, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 5–14, 1990.