iosr-JECE   Innovation in engineering science and technology (NCIEST-2015)

Abstract: In our daily activities, controlling and monitoring plays a vital role and it helps the end user to decide what to and what not to do for making the attempt successful. In this paper, sensors are the key elements which collect the data from surrounding and upload it to the web server. End user will monitor it from a simple customized web page with a login. ARM processor with Laptop/PC is used for logging the data into the server. Sensors used in this paper for prototype were Temperature Sensor, Alcohol Sensor, CO Sensor and a Humidity Sensor interfaced with ARM processor at analog port. Python API is used in the laptop for sending the data captured by the laptop's serial port into the web server.

Keywords - Python API, ARM Processor, Web Data, Internet of Things

[1] D. C. Uprety, S. Dhar, D. Hongmin, B. A. Kimball, A. Garg, and J. Upadhyay, "Technologies for climate change mitigation," UNEP United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Jul. 2012, ISBN: 978-87-92706-60-7. [2] L. Hockstad and M. Weitz, "USEPA: Basic information and indicators in the United States," United States Environmental Protection Agency,Tech. Rep. EPA 430-R-13-001, 2013. [3] N. Tanaka and F. Birol, "Climate change," in World Energy Outlook, Paris, France: IEA Publications, 2009, ch. 4, pp. 173–184, ISBN: 978-92-64-06130-9. [4] R. D. Brook et al., "A statement for healthcare professionals from the expert panel on population and prevention science of the American Heart Association," Circulation, vol. 109, no. 21, pp. 2655–2671, 2004.
[5] NACA, Republic South Africa. (2012). National Association for Clean Air [Online]. Avalable: http://www.naca.org.za [6] T. Tietenberg, M. Grubb, A. Michaelowa, B. Swift, and Z. X. Zhang, "International rules of greenhouse gas emissions trading: Defining the principles, modalities, rules and guidelines for verification, reporting and accountability," Documents United Nat., vol. UNCTAD-1,pp. 5–20, May 1999.

Abstract: Nowadays PIR Sensor is new research area, in place of RADAR system PIR Sensor is best option in military area. In this paper using PIR Sensor we detect foreign enemy Aircraft and missile and destroy them. Using 8051 PIR sensor laser Diode and stepper motor controller for detecting object in 180˚ and firing the same in 180˚. The present project relates to scanning of the sky to detect movement of objects in the sky. In the past, radar has been used for scanning the sky from the ground to detect moving target. Radar is an active system that is; it employs transmitted and received signals in its operation. However, passive systems which do not use transmitted signals are preferred they are less vulnerable to detection and jamming. Thus infrared sensing has been employed in detection.

[1] Stepper Motor Tutorial by Rustie Laidman, Copyright 2000 Article: The Rise ofVSR motor,Greg Paula, Mechanical Engineering Magzine 2008. [2] Cheng-Hung Tsai; Ying-Wen Bai; Chun-An Chu; Chih-Yu Chung; Ming-Bo Lin, "PIR-sensor-based lighting device with ultra-low standby power consumption," in Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2011 IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-6, 10-12 May 2011 [3] Sang Gi Hong; Young Bag Moon; Nae Soo Kim; Whan Woo Kim, "Window Energy Detection for Unmanned Surveillance with PIR Sensor," in Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1543-1547, 25-27 June 2012 [4] Qi Hao; Fei Hu; Jiang Lu, "Distributed multiple human tracking with wireless binary pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor networks," in Sensors, 2010 IEEE , vol., no., pp.946-950, 1-4 Nov. 2010

Abstract: Automatic template matching has the interest of researchers for decades. Although there are various applications for which the technique is already used in daily life, a number of problems still have to be solved. At this moment, one of the biggest problems is the low user acceptance: the systems are not accurately enough; the mistakes that recognizers make are usually not very understandable to humans, which can frustrate the users of the systems. This is about the use of the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. We claim that the results of a recognizer based on the DTW-algorithm template matching are more "intuitive" to humans than the results of other recognizers. Because humans can understand the errors that system makes, this will probably improve the user acceptance of template matching systems. Furthermore, given that users are aware of what they have to do for the system to understand them, the recognizer is expected to yield better recognition performances.

[2] Guangyu Kang "Variable sliding window DTW speech identification algorithm" IEEE.2009. [3] Oscar, Luis Mengibar-Pozo,Andrzej,Pacut "A new algorithm for signature verification system based on DTW" IEEE .2008 [4] Ivan Kraljevski, Slavcho Chungurski, Zoran Gacovski, Sime Arsenovski Perceived templete matchingquality estimation using DTW algorithm 16th Telecommunications forum TELFOR 2008. [5] Heng-Da Cheng et al. , A VLSI architecture for dynamic time-wrap recognition of handwritten symbols, IEEE ASSP, Vol. 34, N.3, Jun 1986. [6] G. R. Quenot et al. , A Dynamic Programming Processor for Templete matchingRecognition, IEEE JSSC, Vol. 24, N(F9)q.20, April 1989. [7] Stan Salvador, Chan, FastDTW: Toward Accurate Dynamic Time Warping in Linear Timeand Space, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical. Engineering, vol. 43, no. 4 [8] Tiberius Zaharia, Svetlana Segarceanu, Marius Cotescu, Alexandru Spataru

Abstract: Electric wheelchairs are designed to aid paraplegics. Unfortunately, these cannot be used by persons with higher degree of impairment, such as quadriplegics, i.e. persons that, due to age or illness, cannot move any of the body parts, except of the head. Medical devices designed to help them are very complicated, rare and expensive. In this paper a microcontroller system that enables standard electric wheelchair control by head motion is presented. The system comprises electronic and mechanic components. A novel head motion recognition technique based on accelerometer data processing is designed. The wheelchair joystick is controlled by the system's mechanical actuator. The system can be used with several different types of standard electric wheelchairs. It is tested and verified through an experiment performed within this paper.

[1]. U. Cortés, C. Urdiales, R. Annicchiarico, C. Barrué, A.B. Martinez, C. Caltagirone: Assistive
[2]. N.I. Katevas, N.M. Sgouros, S.G. Tzafestas, G. Papakonstantinou, P. Beattie, J.M. Bishop,
[3]. P. Tsanakas, D. Koutsouris: The Autonomous Mobile Robot SENARIO: A Sensor Aided
[4]. "A Method of Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Multiple Sensors" by Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE), 2010 4th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,4, 18-20 June 2010
[5]. "Hand gesture recognition based on accelerometer sensors" by Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management (NCM), 2011 7th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.115,120, 21-23 June 2011:

Abstract: Currently almost of the public have their own vehicle, fuel theft is happening in the parking where there is no CCTV surveillance or any kind of security. Vehicle security is more challenging. So in order to bring a solution for this problem this system can be implemented. In today's world, actual record of fuel filled and fuel consumption in vehicles is not maintained. It results in a financial loss. To avoid this microcontroller based fuel monitoring system is implemented. The system makes use of an embedded system based on Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) Technology and the LPC 2148 microcontroller. It is an ultra-low power, RISC architecture controller. It contains inbuilt 10 bit ADC, serial communication interface. Real Time Clock (RTC) is also provided to keep the track of time. In this project a try is given to program a GSM module incorporating to report occurrences of fuel theft detection automatically via the GSM communication platform (using SMS messaging).The main concept in this design is introducing the mobile or cell phone into an embedded system communication. The designed system is very simple & cost is low. Keywords-Bike,GSM, Microcontroller, Mobile.

[1] International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)" Arm 7 Based Fuel Theft Control" M. S. Joshi, Deepali V. Mahajan. [2] International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2012): Volume 3 Issue 12, December Advance Bike Security System Argade Geetanjali Arjun, Moresh Mukhedkar Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, S. P. Pune University, Pune.
[3] Journal of Automation and Control Engineering Vol. 1, No. 4, December 2013Real Time Generator Fuel level Measurement Meter Embedded with Ultrasound Sensor and Data Acquisition System.

Abstract: The Power of wireless sensor network technology has provided the capability of developing large scale systems for real time monitoring. The recent years, people were unknown for all kind of natural disaster and calamities. Natural calamities like Earthmovers (earthquake), Heavy rainfall, Flood, Tsunami. This paper describes the evolution of a wireless sensor network system for landslide detection in the particular area. The development of a wireless sensor network (WSN) to detect landslides, which includes design and development of WSN for real time monitoring system. If movements of rocks or soil are observed, the collected data sets are automatically transmitted to a connected server system for further diagnoses. The landslide monitoring system presented in this paper is RF transreceiver and provides real-time information about the current state of the monitored slope. Laboratory tests have been conducted to validate the performance of the monitoring system. After the landslide detection people alert by using buzzer or through SMS.

[1] "Landslide Warning System using Wireless Sensor Network" Proceedings of International Journal, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2014 [2] "A Review on Detection of an Object in Space Location System Using WSN Technology" Proceedings of International Journal, Vol. 2, Issue 2 , February 2015 [3] "Real-time Wireless Sensor Network for Landslide Detection" Proceedings of International Journal, 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications

Abstract: In a variety of emergency situations robot assistance has proved highly valuable, providing remote and thus safe access and operation. There are many different forms of human-robot interactions allowing a team of human and robots to take advantage of skills of each team member. A relatively new area of research considers interaction between human and a team of robot performing as a swarm. This work is concerned with the interactive use of autonomous robots in fire emergency situations. In particular we consider a swarm of robots capable of supporting and enhancing fire fighting operations co-operatively and we investigate how fire fighters in the field work with such a swarm. This paper outlines some of the key characteristics of these emergency situations. The paper addresses the use of assistive swarm robotics to support fire fighters with navigation, search and fire extinguishing operations. The paper ends by linking current expertise with current features of emergency related interaction design. Keywords - Swarm Robotics, Fire Extinguisher

[1] J. Adams."Human-robot interaction design: Understanding user needs and requirements". In Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting, volume 4, 2005.
[2] J. A. Adams, P. Rani, and N. Sarkar. "Mixed-initiative interaction and robotic systems". In AAAI Workshop on Supervisory Control of Learning and Adaptative Systems, 2004.
[3] F.Driewer, H.Baier, and K. Schilling. "Robot/human rescue teams: A user requirement analysis". Advanced Robotics, 19(8), 2005.
[4] M. R.Endsley. "Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement, chapter Theoretical Underpinnings of Situation Awareness: A Critical Review". Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, 2000.
[5] D. Kortenkamp, R.P.Bonasso, D. Ryan, and D. Schreckenghost. "Traded control with autonomous robots as mixed initiative interaction". in proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Mixed Initiative Interaction, 1997.
[6] D.Kortenkamp and D. Dorais. Tutorial: "designing Human Centered Autonomous Agents".
[7] R. R. Murphy, J. L. Casper, M. J. Micire, and J. Hyams. "Mixed initiative control of multiple heterogeneous robots for urban search and rescue". In proceedings of the IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 2000.

Abstract: Electro Encephalo Gram based Brain-Computer Interface robotic arm can help as a powerful support for severely disabled people in their regular activities, especially to aid them to move their arm voluntarily. This paper proposes and implements a brain signal (mind) controlled robotic arm to yield different movements in robotic arm. The scheme uses a single electrode pair acquisition scheme, microcontroller based robotic arm module. The key lies in the mapping of the EEG signal to the robotic arm to achieve the objective. In this project we are developing a cost effective BCI robotic arm that will help the physically challenged to lead an independent life with the help of their brain signals using non-invasive techniques.

Keywords: Brain Computer Interface (BCI), Brainwaves, EEG sensor, Neurosky Mindwave Headset, Robotic arm.

1]. C. Fonseca, J. P. Silva Cunha, R. E. Martins, V. M. Ferreira, J. P. Marques de Sá, M. A. Barbosa, and A. Martins da Silva, "A Novel Dry Active Electrode for EEG Recording", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 54, NO. 1, pp 162-166, January 2007.
[2]. N.A. MdNorani, W. Mansor, L.Y. Khuan, "A Review of Signal Processing in Brain Computer Interface System", IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, pp 443-449, December 2010.
[3]. Sridhar Raja .D, "Application of BCI in Mind Controlled Robotic Movements in Intelligent Rehabilitation", International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 2, pp 1231-1238, April 2013.
[4]. Jose del R. Millan, Frederic Renkens, JosepMouriño, "Noninvasive Brain-Actuated Control of a Mobile Robot by Human EEG" , IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 51, pp 1026-1033, June 2004.
[5]. [5]SiliveruRamesh, K.Harikrishna, J.Krishna Chaitanya, "Brainwave Controlled Robot Using Bluetooth", International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 3, pp 11572-11578, August 2014.

Abstract: Li-Fi is a light fidelity. This is a technique use for transmission of data at very high speed through light, which transfers data by varying its intensity. This variation in light provides us binary 1 and binary 0 of data which transmit information wirelessly through Visible Light Communication (VLC).Using this technology we have proposed to implement a voice controlled robot. The commands for movement of robot are given by human which gets processed through MFCC voice recognition algorithm, this data is then transmitted through Li-Fi to the robot. Li-Fi is ideal or high density wireless data coverage inside confined area. Li-Fi technology is based on LEDs for the transfer of data. The transfer of the data can be with the help of all kinds of light, no matter the part of the spectrum that they belong. With this technology the speed of the internet is incredibly high and we can download movies, games, music etc. in just a few minutes. This can be treated as a next version of Wi-Fi. Keywords: Li-Fi, High-brightness LED, Photodiode, Wireless Communication, speech recognition algorithm.

[1]. Rahul R. Sharma1, Raunak, AkshaySanganal "Li-Fi Technology Transmission of data through light" IJCTA, Jan-Feb 2014.
[2]. Jyoti Rani, PrernaChauhan, RitikaTripathi, "Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) The future technology in Wireless communication", International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol. 7 No.11, 2012, ISSN 09734562.
[3]. M.Mutthamma,"A survey on Transmission of data through illumination - Li-Fi", 12th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory (CWIT 2011), 102–105, IEEE (May 17–20 2011).
[4]. Visilink,-Visible Light Communication Technology for Near‐Ubiquitous Networking‖ White Paper, January 2012.

Abstract: Identification of the symptoms of plant diseases by means of image processing techniques is of prime concern in the area of research. There is a need for a plant disease diagnosis system that may support farmers during their daily struggle. The proposed work is a development of an efficient diagnosis system that focuses on plant disease identification by processing acquired digital images of leaves of the plant. These images are made to undergo a set of pre-processing methods for image enhancement. The enhanced image is segmented using thresholding based segmentation approaches to extract the region of interest i.e., diseased portion. Later, a satisfying set of visual texture features from the region of interest are extracted for detecting diseases accurately. Finally, treatment measures are provided to control the disease. The advisory helps farming community in effective decision making to protect their crop from diseases.
Keywords: GLCM, Thresholding, Segmentation, Feature extraction.

[1]. A. Camargo and J. Smith, "An image-processing based algorithm to automatically identify plant disease visual symptoms". Biosystems Engineering, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 9-21, 2009.
[2]. Q. Yao, Z. Guan, Y. Zhou, J. Tang, Y. Hu and B. Yang. "Application of support vector machine for detecting rice diseases using shape and color texture features".International Conference on Engineering Computation , p. 79, 2009.
[3]. A. Meunkaewjinda, P. Kumsawat, K. Attakitmongcol and A. Srikaew. "Grape leaf disease detection from color imagery using hybrid intelligent system". 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, vol. 1, pp. 513-516, 2008.
[4]. D. Harini and D. Bhaskari. "Identification of leaf diseases in tomatoplant based on wavelets and PCA". IEEE World Congress onInformation and Communication Technologies, pp. 1398-1403, 2011.
[5]. Book: Neural Networks, A classroom Approach by Satish Kumar, Tata McGraw Hill, publications.

Abstract: Intelligence is incorporated in the non-living things to make life easy. The intelligence in car system was first done by Google and hence named it as Google car. The Google car is a driverless car system where all the functions are automated based on the sensors. This paper presents a framework where a fuzzy system is used for the implementation of an intelligent car system. In particular, the prototype of the intelligent car system will show how the robot reaches from source to destination with the shortest path by detecting and avoiding obstacle. This paper highlights the key factor like choosing destination and the shortest path using GPS module, camera is interfaced for the image processing of the obstacles detection and avoidance.

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, fuzzification, defuzzification ,lane detection,forward collusion avoidance.

[1]. W. Hong, W. Lee, and B.-K.Lee, "Dynamic simulation of brushless dc motor drives considering phase commutation for automotive applications," in Electric Machines & DrivesConference, 2007.IEMDC'07.IEEE International, vol. 2. IEEE, 2007, pp. 1377–1383.
[2]. U. Vinatha, S. Pola, and K. Vittal, "Simulation of four quadrant operation & speed controlof bldc motor on matlab/simulink," in TENCON 2008-2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference.IEEE, 2008,
[3]. R. Arulmozhiyal and R. Kandiban, "An intelligent speed controller for brushless dc motor,"inIndustrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2012 7th IEEE Conference on.IEEE, 2012

Abstract: Now-a-days, terrorism has increased all over the world. Not only terrorism but also crime has increased. It is very necessary to identify these criminals and catch them since these criminals always hide their real identity and have a false identification. In order to identify the criminals and their attacks, intelligent and warning systems are used for detecting and preventing future attacks of these criminals. In this study, we introduce a new method to track criminals and use imaged-based face detection techniques. This paper proposes an image capturing technique in an embedded system based on ARM7 board. The experimental result show that the proposed system is fast enough to capture the image, recognize the algorithm and the data stream can flow smoothly between the camera and the board.

Keywords: Capture image, embedded system, and ARM7 board.

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Abstract: This paper presents a modified estimator for improving the performance of indirect field oriented control of sensorless induction motor drive. The proposed method estimates the stator resistance of the machine along with speed which is based on knowledge of stator currents and voltages. The proposed scheme takes care of the rotor flux model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based speed estimator which is dependent on the machine stator resistance variation. Stator resistance information is required to improve the accuracy of speed sensorless control of the induction motor especially in low speed region. The paper proposes the stator resistance and rotor speed estimation operation based on rotor flux based MRAS in a systematic manner. The correct speed estimation of the drive operation can be achieved especially at low speed. The proposed parallel speed with stator resistance estimator is verified by MATLAB/SIMULINK software package.

Keywords: Induction motor, rotor flux based model reference adaptive system (MRAS), stator resistance, IFOC, speed sensorless.

[1]. J. Holtz, "Sensorless control of induction motor drives," Proc. IEEE, vol. 90, no. 8, pp. 1359–1394, Aug. 2002
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[3]. A. B. Proca and A. Keyhani, "Sliding-mode flux observer with online rotor parameter estimation for induction
motors", IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 716-723, Feb 2007.
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Induction Motor Drives", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no.5, May 2010.
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Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 4,pp. 1127–1135, Jul./Aug. 2003.
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Abstract: Multimedia content is made to induce emotions and be emotionally expressive, the need and importance of automatic emotion recognition has grown with increasing role of human computer interface applications. Recent advances on affect detection are focused on detecting emotions continuously. In this paper, for the first time, we continuously detect valence from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and facial expressions in response to human expression. Power spectral features from EEG signals as well as facial fiducial points are used as features to detect valence levels for each frame continuously.

[1] M. Soleymani, J. Lichtenauer, T. Pun, and M. Pantic, "A multimodal database for affect recognition and implicit tagging," IEEE Trans. Affective Computing, vol. 3, pp. 42–55, 2012.
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Abstract: In this paper, we have present how to control the Robot using DTMF technique. In today's environment Reliable surveillance is basic need. hence we need system should be user friendly, cost effective, efficient, and flexible for further improvements. We have designed a robotic system whose direction of motion can be controlled by simple wireless phone, which makes use of DTMF codes. Now remotely operated vehicles are mostly needed in health application , military applications. It is difficult for robots that are used in
military technology are quite difficult to become fully intelligent. Our cell phone operated search vehicle is also one type of robot. One can control it using the handset of the wireless phone. It has a wireless camera that transmits an actual video at the operators monitor. The system consists of main blocks that are wireless phone i.e mobile, microcontroller (AT89S52), DTMF receiver (CM8870PI), wireless audio video camera, Motor driver IC L293D, battery for power supply, TV or PC with TV tuner Card to monitor
Keywords: search vehicle, mobile operating robot.

[1]. Velrajkumar, P.; Manohar, S.S.; Cv, A.; Raju, A.D.J.; Arshad, R. Development of real-time tracking and control mobile robot
using videocapturing feature for unmanned applications 2010, Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICCCCT),
2010 IEEE International Conference, 10.1109/ICCCCT.2010.5670533.
[2]. Venkatesan,V.S. GSM Controlled Robotics, Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ACCT), 2014 Fourth
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[3]. Kumar, M.; Kaushal, N.; Bhute, H.; Sharma, M.K. Design of cell phone operated robot using DTMF for object research,Wireless
and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), 2013 Tenth International Conference, 10.1109/WOCN.2013.6616244
[4]. Manikandan, D.; Pareek, P.; Ramesh, P. Cell phone operated robot, 2010, Emerging Trends in Robotics and Communication
Technologies (INTERACT), 2010 International Conference, 10.1109/INTERACT.2010.5706222
[5]. Pathik, B.B.; Ahmed, A.S.M.A.; Alamgir, L.; Nayeem, A. Development of a cell phone based vehicle remote control system,
Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG), 2014 International Conference , 10.1109/IGBSG.2014.6835161
[6]. Dey, G.K.; Hossen, R.; Noor, M.S.; Ahmmed, K.T., Distance controlled rescue and security mobile robot2013, Informatics,
Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), 2013 International Conference, 10.1109/ICIEV.2013.6572602