iosr-JECE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep.-Oct. 2020

Abstract: During the most recent decade there is a quickly developing interest in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). With the help of this technology, attempts are being made to apply it in various areas like medical and health care, wildlife monitoring, environment monitoring, military operations etc. WSNs in general consist of sensor nodes that are capable of computing, data processing, communication to other sensor nodes. In WSN some problems arise due to energy, coverage, maintenance etc. Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the most affected protocol. Accessing of wireless medium and deciding the transmission of data is done by MAC layer. MAC driver and the RDC driver are the two drivers which are focused in this work. Both detecting collisions and retransmissions......

Keywords—WSN, MAC, ContikiOS, CSMA, NullMAC, ContikiMAC, CxMAC, NullRDC.

[1]. L. Lewis, "Wireless sensor networks," Smart environments: technologies, protocols, andapplications, pp. 11 46, 2004.
[2]. Mathieu Michel and Bruno Quoitin "ContikiMAC performance analysis," a technical report, April2016.
[3]. Sara Homayouni , Reza Javidan "ERA-ContikiMAC: An adaptive radio duty cycling layer inInternet of Things," in 9th International Symposium on Telecommunications 2018.
[4]. Abdulaziz Y. Barnawi, Gamel A. Mohsen, Essa Q. Shahra "Performance Analysis of RPLprotocol for Data Gathering Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks," in 10th InternationalConference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT) 2019.
[5]. M. Buettner, G. V. Yee, E. Anderson, and R. Han, "X-MAC: A Short Preamble MAC Protocol forDuty-Cycled Wireless sensor networks," Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pp. 307-320, 2006..

Abstract: The scientific work deals with treatment of Barium sulphate extender pigment with iron oxide, which can be used in different architectural and industrial coatings. By depositing a thin layer of ferric oxide on barium sulphate particles a novel pigment with better optical and functional performance can be obtained when used in various coating systems. This pigment improves physicochemical performance and acts as an active barrier. The treated barium sulphate has many social and practical implications such as eco-friendly and economic than other synthetic pigments. Moreover, it is reinforcing filler in rubber, plastic and ceramic composites.

Keywords—α-Fe2O3/BaSO4 particle, pigment, surface treatment.

[1]. Gupta M & Kamani P K , Barytes: A common ore used as an extender pigment in modern surface coating, Coatings and anti corrosion enginerring review, 5(2) (2014) 70-72.
[2]. Nylen P & Sunderland E, Modern Surface Coating, (Wiley NY) 1965, 4.
[3]. Gupta M, & Kamani P K, Development of Pigment from Surface Treated Barium Sulfate Extender, China coatings Journal, (May 2011) ISSN:1682-4636, 60-67.
[4]. Gupta M & Kamani P K, Synthesis and characterization of surface treated barium sulfate extender pigment, Polymer Paint Colour Journal , 198 (4531) (2008) 32-34.
[5]. Gupta M & Kamani P K & Shukla R K, The preparation and characteristics of surface-treated barium sulfate extender pigment, Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 10(2) (March 2013) 189-198.

Abstract: Multiplier is a key component which is majorly used in Digital electronics and Digital Signal Processing.Multiplier is a component or electronic circuit which gives product of two binary numbers. Multiplier with high speed, low power consumption and less size is preferred in the Digital Electronic field. That's why Multipliers with low power consumption and low hardware complexity got huge demand and it is always challenging to create a multiplier with these specifications. There are different Multipliers but most popular among them are Wallace Multiplier,Braun Multiplier and Dadda Multiplier.These Multipliers are differed according to their respective algorithms.Here we majorly discussed about 90 nm technology. In this paper, we discuss and review on low power multipliers with it's hardware and performance with comparisons

Keywords: Multiplier, Wallace Algorithm, Braun Multiplier, Dadda Multiplier, Low Power, Hardware Complexity, Hybrid adders, Complementary pass logic, CMOS

[1]. Inamul Hussain, Chandan Kumar Pandey and Saurabh Chaudhary: "Design and Analysis of High Performance Multiplier Circiut‟, 23-24 March 2019, NIT Silchar, Silchar, India.
[2]. G. Challa Ram, D. Sudha Rani, R. Balasaikesava, K. BalaSindhuri: "Design of delay efficient modified 16 bit Wallace multiplier", 2016 IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), Bangalore, 2016, pp. 1887-1891.
[3]. Sangeetha P, Aijaz Ali Khan, "Comparision of Braun Multiplier and Wallace Multiplier Techniques in VLSI," 2018 4th International Conference on Device, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS), Coimbatore, 2018, pp. 48-53.
[4]. I. Hussain and S Chaudhary, "Performance Comparision of 1-Bit Conventional and Hybrid Full Adder Circuits", In Bera R. Sarkar S. Chakraborty S. (eds) Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol462 ,2018..

Abstract: During the recent coronavirus outbreak, organizations such as churches, schools and business organizations has adopted website and television broadcast to reach their congregations, students and business associates and consumers. Several organizations that did not see need for website and television broadcast (WTB) have also been made to see the need and everyday more organizations are adopting these technologies for information dissemination. The need for national parks to consistently use these technologies to educate the populace on the need for forest and wildlife conservation and protection is not far-fetched as several attempts to ensure forest and wildlife conservation and protection has proved abortive especially in developing countries. It is the contention of the study that WTB of nature parks.........

Keywords: National Park, Website, Television, Broadcasting, Forest, Wildlife, Conservation, Protection

[1]. Arevalo J. Edgardo and Ladle James Richard (2018).Challenges of Forest Conservation.Chapter in: The Paradigm of Forests and the Survival of the Fittest.DOI: 10.1201/9781315367170-7 Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 332417471
[2]. Loehle Craig, Schilling E. B., Wigley Thomas Bentley and Tatum Vickie L. (2009). Achieving Conservation Goals in Managed Forests of the Southeastern Coastal Plain.Article in Environmental Management (2009) 44:1136–1148. DOI 10.1007/s00267-009-9389-2
[3]. OwolabiSaka-rasaq (2019). Forest Loss in Nigeria, the Impact on Climate and People from the perspectives of illegal Forest activities and Government Negligence. Unpublished BSc. Thesis: Raseborg. Retrieved October 9, 2020, from http://theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/170981/Forest_Loss_Nigeria_Owolabi_2019_DSCM_Thesis.pdf%3Fsequence
[4]. Repanshek, Kurt. "National Parks and Preserves."Microsoft® Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2007.
[5]. Onihunwa, J. O. (2019). Development of National Park Web Information System: A Case Study of Kainji Lake National Park, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Research and Technology. 8(2): 121 – 129

Abstract: Vision sensors have gained significant attention due to their non-contact features and potential for relatively high accuracy. In addition, their affordability in terms of hardware costs has dropped precipitously over the last decade. The visual information extracted from the sensor can assist the robots to perform a variety of engineering tasks with a positioning accuracy that satisfactorily meets the demands of many industries. There are two configurations to set up a vision system namely eye-in-hand and eye-to-hand. The eye-in-hand camera configuration (ENH) involves visual systems that are usually used by composing two or more cameras that can be rigidly attached to the robot end-effectors, whereas the eye-to-hand camera configuration (E2H) involves the vision systems that are fixed in the workspace......

Keywords: Visual Tracking, Camera Pose, Hybrid Median Filtering, Positioning Accuracy, Moving Targets, Hough Transform.

[1]. Alzarok, H., S. Fletcher, and N.S. Mian, Review for the current performances for Machine Visions in Industrial Robotic welding and drilling tasks. 2020. 15(3): p. 53-61.
[2]. Mei, B., et al., Robot base frame calibration with a 2D vision system for mobile robotic drilling. The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology, 2015: p. 1-15.
[3]. Xu, Y., et al., Real-time image processing for vision-based weld seam tracking in robotic GMAW. The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology, 2014. 73(9-12): p. 1413-1425.
[4]. Bishop, B.E. and M.W. Spong, Adaptive calibration and control of 2D monocular visual servo systems. Control Engineering Practice, 1999. 7(3): p. 423-430.
[5]. Carelli, R., O. Nasisi, and B. Kuchen. Adaptive robot control with visual feedback. in American Control Conference, 1994. 1994: IEEE.

Abstract: In this research paper, we shall study The cognitive radio in modern and next generation wireless communication applications and systems in short range waves in india,OFDM –MIMO combination is mainly used in Cognitive Radio over fading channel , Effective utilization of available electromagnetic radio spectrum in our communication network is the main problem, in this paper we study the Rayleigh fading environment,techniques to reduce BER factor(bit error rate),the advantage of non cooperative communication.

Keywords-OFDM-MIMO,cognitive radio,non cooperative communication,

[1]. Simon Haykin "Cognitive Radio: Brain Empowered,"Life Fellow, IEEE ,vol5,pp3-15
[2]. Simon Haykin ,David J. Thomson, and Jeffrey H. Reed, "Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio, "Life Fellow IEEE
[3]. OFDM-based Terrestrial Geolocation ,USA, vol4,pp7-12
[4]. G. A. Prieto , R. L. Parker, D. J. Thomson, F. L. Vernon and R. L. Graham "Reducing the bias of multitaper spectrum estimates "
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA Mathematics and Statistics
Department, Queens University, Kingston
[5]. Stephen J. Shellhammer "SPECTRUM SENSING IN IEEE 802.22", qualcomminc. Sandiego, CA 921.

Abstract:In this paper, the terminal sliding mode control for lane changing of intelligent vehicle was studied. With positive and negative trapezoidal constraint of lateral acceleration, the desired yaw angle and yaw rate of
vehicle was generated by the lane changing trajectory. Based on the estimation of sideslip velocity, by applying terminal sliding mode technology, the yaw-rate tracking control law for lane changing was designed. Based on
the Lyapunov method, the stability of the control system is analyzed. Simulation results show that the control system is asymptotically stable..

Keywords-intelligent vehicle; lane changing; terminal sliding mode, estimation of sideslip velocity

[1]. Guo Lie, Ge Pingshu, Yue Ming, et al. Lane changing trajectory planning and tracking controller design for intelligent vehicle running on curved road. Mathematical problems in engineering , 2014, 3(6):1-9.
[2]. Ren Dianbo, Zhang Yong, Wang Hao. Direct adaptive terminal sliding mode control for lane changing of vehicle in intelligent transportation systems. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2018, 15(4):26-33.
[3]. You F, Wang R B, Zhang R H. Study of system identification and control algorithm for intelligent vehicle.China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2008, 21(4):111-116.
[4]. Naranjo J E, Gonzalez C, Garcia R, et al. Lane-change fuzzy control in autonomous vehicles for the overtaking maneuver.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2008, 9(3): 438-450.
[5]. Guo Jinghua, Luo Yugong, Li Keqiang. Adaptive non-linear trajectory tracking control for lane change of autonomous four-wheel independently drive electric vehicles. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 2018,12(7):712-720..