iosr-JECE   Volume-6 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: Today availability of e- resources in a college library is very common. But their proper and maximum use is a matter for discussion. The present paper examines the existence of various e- resource databases in Siddhivinayak technical campus college library. The study also highlights the preferences and importance of online resources among the teacher and students.

[1]. Madhusudan M, "use of UGC infonet e- journals by research scholars of university of Delhi,Delhi", Library Hi Tech, Vol.26 No.3. pp. 369-386.
[2]. Narayana poornima and Goudar IRN, " E- Resources Management ( ICIM2005), 22-25 Feb2005, P 1-19.
[3]. Kaur Amritpal, use of E- resources by teachers and researches of the Science and Engineering & Technology Faculties in guru Nanak Dev University: A Survey .in NACLIN 2006, p267-285.
[4]. RenWick Shamin,Knoweledge and use electronic Resources by medical Science Faculty at the university of the West indies. Libri, Vol.43, No.3, 2004, p58-64.
[5]. Kaur Baljinder & verma Rama, use of electronic resoueces at TIET Library Patiala: A Case Study. ILA Bulletin, Vol.42, no.3, 2006,p 18-20.
[6]. Eqbal Monawwer & Khan Azhar Shah, use of Electronic journals by research Scholars of Faculty of Science and Faculty Of Engineering, In: NACLIN2007, P309-319.
[7]. Chetan Sharma, Use and impact of E- Resources at Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha university (india): A Case study.Vol.10 No.1,2009.
[8]. Naqvi shehbaz Husain, Use of electronic Resources at Jamia Millia (A Central university): A case Study, In: NACLIN 2007, p320-324.
[9]. Navijyoti, A snapshot of E- journals' Adopters (Research Scholars) of Guru Nanak Dev university, In: NACLIN 2007,p432-442.
[10]. Kennedy,P (2004), "Dynamic Web Pages and the library Catalogue", The Electronic library, Vol.22 No. 6. Pp.480-6.

Abstract: This paper describes a study on a baseband data transmission system developed for undergraduate students studying communication engineering. Theoretical material, developed in the lectures, is briefly covered. A practical system is presented with pre-detection filtering being employed to improve the bit error rate. A simulation of the complete system is carried out on a Sun work station using the MATLAB simulation package. Simulation and theoretical results are compared.

[1] Modelling of a Baseband Data Transmission System by Communication Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Sheffield
Hallam University,Pond St., Sheffield, UK.2007
[2] Matlab Reference Guide, 1992, The Mathworks Inc.& Matlab User‟s Guide, 1992, The Mathworks Inc.
[3] Krauss TP, Shure L, Little JN: "Signal Processing Toolbox", 1992, The Mathworks Inc.
[4] King RW: "Speech signal analysis synthesis and recognition exercise using MATLAB", Int. J. Elect. Eng. Educ., vol. 34, pp- 161-
172, 1997.
[5] Medeiro CR, O‟Reilly JJ: "Simulation of lightwave systems using COMDISCO", 4th Bangor Symposium on Communications, 22-
28 May, pp. 98-101, 1992.
[6] Sanmugan KS, et al, "Simulation-based CAD tools for communication and signal processing systems", IEEE Intn. Conf. on
Communs., Boston, June 11-14, 1989.
[7] Ahmadi J, et al: "Development of all-digital QSPK modem for mobile satellite application using COSSAP", 4th Bangor
Symposium on Communications, 22-28 May, pp. 106-111, 1992.
[8] COSSAP from SYNOPSYS at http://www.synopsys.com/
[9] OPNET Modeler from MIL 3 Inc.: http://www.mil3.com
[10] Ptolemy at http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu

Abstract: The most powerful channel coding schemes, namely, those based on turbo codes and LPDC (Low density parity check) codes have in common principle of iterative decoding. Shannon's predictions for optimal codes would imply random like codes, intuitively implying that the decoding operation on these codes would be prohibitively complex. A brief comparison of Turbo codes and LDPC codes will be given in this section, both in term of performance and complexity. In order to give a fair comparison of the codes, we use codes of the same input word length when comparing. The rate of both codes is R = 1/2. However, the Berrou's coding scheme could be constructed by combining two or more simple codes. These codes could then be decoded separately, whilst exchanging probabilistic, or uncertainty, information about the quality of the decoding of each bit to each other. This implied that complex codes had now become practical. This discovery triggered a series of new, focused research programmes, and prominent researchers devoted their time to this new area.. Leading on from the work from Turbo codes, MacKay at the University of Cambridge revisited some 35 year old work originally undertaken by Gallagher [5], who had constructed a class of codes dubbed Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. Building on the increased understanding on iterative decoding and probability propagation on graphs that led on from the work on Turbo codes, MacKay could now show that Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes could be decoded in a similar manner to Turbo codes, and may actually be able to beat the Turbo codes [6]. As a review, this paper will consider both these classes of codes, and compare the performance and the complexity of these codes. A description of both classes of codes will be given.

[1] L. R. Bahl, J. Cocke, F. Jelinek, and J. Raviv, Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 20, IEEE, 1974, pp. 284–287.

[2] John R. Barry, Low-density parity-check codes, Tech. report, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001.

[3] C. Berrou, A. Glavieux, and P. Thitimajshima, Near shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes, Proceedings ICC (Geneva), IEEE, May 1993, pp. 1064–1070.

[4] Kjetil Fagervik, Iterative decoding of concatenated codes, Ph.D. thesis, University of Surrey (UNIS), UK, August 1998.

[5] R. G. Gallager, Low density parity check codes, Research monograph series, no. 21, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1963.

[6] David J.C. MacKay and Radford M. Neal, Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes, Electronics Letters 32 (1996), no. 18, 1645– 1646, Reprinted in Electronics Letters, 33 (1997), no. 6, 457-458.

Abstract: In this paper, We investigate post, pre and symmetrical/mix dispersion compensation methods for 40 Gb/s non-return to zero link using standard and dispersion compensated fiber through FBG compensator to optimize high data rate optical transmission. The influence of dispersion of FBG compensator and increases in the power of CW laser has been studied to evaluate the performance of optical communication systems. The simulation model of the WDM based on the Optisystem 11.0 is presented according to the above principle. The simulation results are validated by analysing the Q-factor and Bit error rate (BER) in the numerical simulator. It is found that post compensation performance is best and the input fiber power is taken as 5-10dB, the corresponding BER performance is better. Keywords - BER, Dispersion compensation, Q-factor, WDM.

[1] Bo-ning HU, Wang Jing, Wang Wei, Rui-mei Zhao, "Analysis on Dispersion Compensation with DCF based on Optisystem". 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems pp. 40-43 2010.

[2] Mochida Y, Yamaguchi N, Ishikawa G, "Technology-oriented review and vision of 40Gb/s based optical transport Networks", Journal of light-wave technology.PP. 2272-228,12002,20(12) [3] Omae T, "Universal conditions for estimating the nonlinear refractive index n2 of dispersion com- pensating fibers by the CWSPM method", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol 13. No.6, pp. 571-573, Nov, 2001.

[4] Zou X Y, Hayee M I, H wang S M, et al. Limitations in 10Gb/s WDM optical-fiber transmission when using a variety of fiber types to manage dispersion and nonlinearities[J]. Lightwave Technol., PP: 1144-1152,June,1996.

[5] BU CHAL IF, LANNES. Fast eye monitor for 10G/bs and its applicationg for optical PMD compensation [Z]. Optical Society of America,2000.

[6] Killy R I, Thiele H J, Mikhailov v, ea al. Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40-Gb/s based WDM transmission over standard fiber [J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000, 12(12): 1642-1626.

[7] Eggleton B 1. Dynamic dispersion, compensation devices for high speed transmission systems. Optical Fiber communication conference and exhibit, 2001(3): WHlII-WH1I3

[8] jianjun Yu, Bojun Yang,"Dispersion-allacated soliton technology with long amplifier spacing and long distance," IEEEphoton technol lett, vol 9, pp. 952-954,No.7, 1997.

Abstract: In this work, we exploit the SVD assisted multiuser transmitter (MUT) and multiuser detector (MUD) technique, using downlink (DL) preprocessing transmitter and DL postprocessing receiver matrice .In combination with space frequency block coding (SFBC). And also propose the precoded DL transmission scheme, were the both proposed schemes take advantage of the channel state information (CSI) of all users at the base station (BS), but only of the mobile station (MS)'s own CSI, to decompose the MU MIMO channels into parallel single input single output (SISO), these two proposed schemes are compared to the vertical layered space time (V_BLAST) combined with SFBC (SFBC_VBLAST). Our Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme with DL Zero Forcing (ZF) transmitter for interference canceller outperforms the SFBC_VBLAST and the precoded DL schemes with ZF receiver in frequency selective fading channels.

Keywords – Post processing, Preprocessing,, SFBC, SVD, ZF.

[1] V. Tarokh, N. Seshadri, and A. R. Calderbank, Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication, Performance criterion
and code construction, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.44, no.2, 744-765, Mar.1998.
[2] V. Tarokh, H. Jafarkhani and A .R. Calderbank, Space-time block codes from orthogonal design, IEEE Trans. Info. Th., vol. 45, no.
5, 1456-1467, Jul. 1999.
[3] Thuong Le-Tien, Tuan Ly-Huu, V BLAST Detection in Space Time Coding Wireless system and implementation on FPGA,
International Symposium on Electrical Electronics Engineering 2007-Oct 24, 25 2007-HCM City, Vietnam .
[4] S.M. Alamouti. A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications. IEEE J.Select. Areas Common, vol.16, 1451-
1458.1998.
[5] A.Doufexi, E.Tameh, A.Nix, A.Pal, M.Beach, C.Williams, Throughput and Coverage of WLANs Employing STBC under Different
Channel Conditions, ISWCS 2004, Mauritius, September 2004.
[6] Muhammad Imadur Rahman, Nicola Marchetti, Suvra Sekhar Das, Frank H.P. Fitzek, Ramjee Prasad, Combining Orthogonal
Space Frequency Block Coding and Spatial Multiplexing in MIMO-OFDM System,"(is available at http:// www.kom.aau.dk/
ff/document/ InOWo 2005).
[7] K. F. Lee and D. B. Williams, A space-time coded transmitter diversity technique for frequency selective fading channels, in Proc.
IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop, Cambridge, MA, 149-152. March 2000.
[8] K. F. Lee and D. B. Williams, A Space-frequency transmitter diversity technique for OFDM systems, in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM,
San Francisco, CA, 1473-1477,Nov. 2000.
[9] R.Irmer, Multiuser transmission in code division multiple access mobile Communications systems, Ph.D. dissertation,
Technische Universitat Dresden, 2005.
[10] Gordon L. Stuber, John Barry, Steve W. Mc Laughlin,Ye (Geoffrey) Li, Mary Ann Ingram, Thomas G. Broadband MIMO
OFDM Wireless Communications,"(is available at http:// www.ece.gatech.edu/ users/stuber/nsf3/ pubs/./proc-ieee.).

Abstract: In WSN sensors are randomly deployed in the sensor field which brings the coverage problem and limited energy resources. Hence energy and coverage problem are very scarce resources for such sensor systems and has to be managed wisely in order to extend the life of the sensors and maximizing coverage for the duration of a particular mission. In past a lot of cluster based algorithm and techniques were used. In this paper we propose combination of PSO based algorithm and cluster based Least Spanning Tree algorithm, which are very effective alone for WSN, and we also obtain life of sensor node and data transmission by LST based PSO algorithm. These techniques effectively overcome the problems of low energy and coverage of sensor range.

Keywords: Energy efficient clustering, Least Spanning Tree algorithm, PSO algorithm, Wireless Sensor Networks.

[1]. Priya, Satyesh Sharan Singh, Mukesh Kumar, Rohini Saxena "Energy And Time Delay Efficient Wireless Sensor Network By Least Spanning Tree Algorithm: A Survey International Journal Of Engineering Research And Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 Www.Ijera.Com Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013, Pp.712-719.
[2]. SATYESH SHARAN SINGH* Et Al. "Application Of Particle Swarm Optimization For Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey".[IJESAT] International Journal Of Engineering Science & Advanced Technology ISSN: 2250–3676 Volume-2, Issue-5, 1246 – 1250
[3]. J. Kennedy And R. C. Eberhart, "Particle Swarm Optimization, (1995)," IEEE International Conference On Neural Networks, Vol.4, Pp. 1942-1948, Perth, Australia.
[4]. W. R Heinzelman, A. P Chandrakasan, And H. Balakrishnan,(2000), "Energyefficient Communication Protocol For Wireless Microsensor Networks," In Proceedings Of The 33rd Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences.
[5]. I. F. Akyilldiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam And E. Cayirci, (2002), "A Survey On Sensor Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, Pp. 102−114.
[6]. W. B Heinzelman, A. P Chandrakasan, And H. Balakrishnan,(2002), "An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture For Wireless Microsensor Networks," IEEE Transactions On Wireless Communications, Vol. 1, No. 4, Pp. 660-70.
[7]. S. Lindsey, C. Raghavendra, And K. M Sivalingam,(2002), "Data Gathering Algorithms In Sensor Networks Using Energy Metrics," IEEE Transactions On Parallel And Distributed System, Vol. 13, No. 9, Pp. 924-935.
[8]. J. Tillet, R. Rao, And F. Sahin,(2002) "Cluster-Head Identification In Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization," IEEE International Conference On Personal Wireless Communications, Pp. 201-205.
[9]. S. D. Muruganathan, D. C. F. Ma, R. I. Bhasin, And A. O. Fapojuwo,(2005), "A Centralized Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Radio Communications, Pp. S8-S13.
[10]. S. Guru, S. Halgamuge And S. Fernando "Particle Swarm Optimizers For Cluster Formation In Wireless Sensor Networks". In IEEE International Conference On Sensor, 319–324.

Abstract: A wide area of research has been done in the field of noise removal in Electrocardiogram signals.. Electrocardiograms (ECG) play an important role in diagnosis process and providing information regarding heart diseases. In this paper, we propose a new method for removing the baseline wander interferences, based on discrete wavelet transform and Butterworth/Chebyshev filtering. The ECG data is taken from non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram database, while noise signal is generated and added to the original signal using instructions in MATLAB environment. Our proposed method is a hybrid technique, which combines Daubechies wavelet decomposition and different thresholding techniques with Butterworth or Chebyshev filter. DWT has good ability to decompose the signal and wavelet thresholding is good in removing noise from decomposed signal. Filtering is done for improved denoising performence. Here quantitative study of result evaluation has been done between Butterworth and Chebyshev filters based on minimum mean squared error (MSE), higher values of signal to interference ratio and peak signal to noise ratio in MATLAB environment using wavelet and signal processing toolbox. The results proved that the denoised signal using Butterworth filter has a better balance between smoothness and accuracy than the Chebvshev filter.

Keywords: Electrocardiogram, Discrete Wavelet transform, Baseline Wandering, Thresholding, Butterworth, Chebyshev

[1] Dr T Venkateswarlu and V. Naga Prudhvi Raj, "ECG signal denoising using Undecimated Wavelet transform," IEEE International Conference On Communication, Networking and Broadcasting, pp. 94-98, 2011.

[2] Jacek M Leski and Norbert Henzel, "ECG baseline wander and powerline interference reduction using nonlinear filter bank", signal processing, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 781-793, 2005.

[3] J. A. Van Alste and T. S. Schilder, "Removal of base-line wander and power-line interference from the ECG by an efficient FIR filter with a reduced number of taps," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1052–1060, 1985.

[4] E.-S. El-Dahshan, "Genetic algorithm and wavelet hybrid scheme for ECG signal denoising," Telecommunication Systems, Vol. 46, pp. 209-215, 2010.

[5] C. R. Meyer and H. N. Keiser, "Electrocardiogram baseline noise estimation and removal using cubic splines and statespace computation techniques," Computers and Biomedical Research, Vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 459–470, 1977.

[6] Laguna. P, Jane. R, Caminal. P, "Adaptive Filtering Of ECG Baseline Wander", Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp. 508-509, 1992.

[7] Jane. R, Laguna. P, et al, "Adaptive baseline wander removal in the ECG: Comparative analysis with cubic pline technique", Computers in Cardiology, pp. 143-146, 1992.

[8] I. Daubechies, "Ten Lectures on Wavelets, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics", 3rd Edition, ISBN 0-89871-274-2, 1994.

[9] D. L. Donoho, "De-Noising by soft thresholding," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 41, pp.613-627, 1995.

[10] S.Poornachandra and N. Kumaravel, " A novel method for the elimination of power line frequency in ECG signal using hyper shrinkage function," Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 18, pp. 116-126, 2008.

Abstract: The linearity of the CMOS is of major concern in the design of many analog circuits. In this paper the nonlinearity behavior of CMOS analog integrated circuits is investigated.The basic building block of analog integrated circuits such as differential amplifier with current mirror load have been chosen for harmonic distortion analysis.A mechanism to analyze the distortion of CMOS circuits in deep submicron technology that can be easily used to detect the distortion is built.The MOSFET model used for simulation is TSMC BSIM3 SPICE model from 0.13-μm CMOS process technology. HSPICE circuit simulator tool is used for distortion analysis of CMOS circuits. The MOS model used in this paper includes short-channel effects and gate-source capacitance, gate-drain capacitance, output resistance of MOS transistor. Analytical results are compared with simulation results and the influences of circuit parameters on circuit linearity are discussed.
Keywords: Analog Integrated Circuits, CMOSanalog integrated circuits, harmonic distortion, HSPICE, Short-channel effects, small signal analysis, transient analysis

[1] P. R. Gray, P. J. Hurst, S. H. Lewis, R. G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001
[2] B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[3] P. E. Allen and D. R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford Univ. Press, 2nd edition2002.
[4] P.Wambacq and W.Sansen,Distortion Analysis of Analog Integrated Circuits. Norwel, MA:Kluwer,1998.
[5] C. Popa, "Linearity Evaluation Technique for CMOS Differential Amplifier", 26th International Conference on Microelectronics (MIEL 2008)NIS, Serbia , 11-14 May, 2008.
[6] Xianping Fan and P. K. Chan, "Analysis and Design of Low-Distortion CMOS Source Followers", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I: Regular Papers, vol. 52, no. 8, August 2005.
[7] MelitaPennisi, Gaetano Palumbo and Ramon Gonzalez Carvajal, "Analysis and comparison of class AB current mirror OTAs", Springer Science Business Media, 24 October 2010.
[8] VijayaBhadauria, Krishna Kant, Swapna Banerjee, "A TunableTransconductor With High Linearity", Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), 2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference onKuala Lumpur, pp.5 – 8, 6-9 Dec. 2010.
[9] Mollaalipour, M., Naimi, H. M. "Volterra series analysis of down conversion CMOS mixer with high IIP2 and IIP3", IEEE Trans. on Cricuits and systems, pp. 201-204, Sept 2012
[10] Avant, Star-Hspice Manual, 1998.

Abstract: Filter is one of the most important part of communication system. Without digital filter we cannot think about proper communication because noise occurs in channel. For removing noise or cancellation of noise we use various type of digital filter. In this paper we propose design technique of bandpass FIR filter using various type of window function. Kaiser window is the best window function in FIR filter design. Using this window we can realize that FIR filter is simple and fast.

Keywords: FIR filter, LTI, bandpass filter, MATLAB

[1] S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj, C. Gnanaapriya, "Digital Signal Processing", Tata McGraw-Hill, 2000.

[2] Sonika Gupta, Aman Panghal Performance, "Performance Analysis of FIR Filter Design by Using Rectangular, Hanning and Hamming Windows Methods", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012.

[3] Chonghua Li, "Design and Realization of FIR Digital Filters Based on MATLAB" ,IEEE 2010.

[4] Saurabh Singh Rajput, Dr. S. S. Bhadauria, "Implementation of FIR Filter using Efficient Window Function and its Application in Filtering a Speech Signal", International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Mechanical Controls Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2012.

Abstract: Today in the real time world, so many type of transports are available like, flights, trains, buses, but majority of the people doing their travelling in trains only because due to less amount of charge for long time journey and at the same time it is more comfortable also. For those people we have to provide the safety journey, so the government has to take the responsibility for this. Although the government has taken necessary steps to safe journey but due to some reasons the accidents will happens. One of the major accidents in the railways networks are occurs due to track side faults. The track side fault means it will occur as natural or artificial. To avoid this we are going to design the automated engine model. In this design the engine should be automated and it is connected to the RF Rays. The automation techniques are based on two nodes, Track side node and Station side node. The proposed scheme has been modelled for Automation Engines in the Indian railway networks alone.

Keywords : Crack, Detection, GSM, Automation, Engines.

[1] FRA. Safety Statistics Data 1992-2002, FRA, "U.S. Department of Transportation", 2009.

[2] Bach, David. "International Cooperation and the Logic of Networks" Europe and the "Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)". University of California EeconomyProject, Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy (BRIE)–12thInternational Conference of Europeanists, Chicago IL. March30 – April 1, 2000, p.1.

[3] Renjun Li, Chu Liu and Feng Luo, A Design for Automotive CAN Bus Monitoring System, IEEE Vehicle Power and PropulsionConference(VPPC), September 3-5, 2008, Harbin, China.

[4] Fang Li, Lifang Wang, Chenglin Liao, CAN (Controller Area Network) Bus Communication System Based on Matlab/Simulink.Available: http://www.ieeexplore.ieee.org.

[5] Heng Ma, David J.Cannon and Soundar R.T.Kumara; "A Scheme Integrating Neural Networks for Real-Time Robotic Collision Detection", IEEE Int. Conf .on Robotics and Automation, 1995 [6] P.SatheeshKumar; "An Efficient way of Monitoring and controlling the Train Parameters using Multi-core Embedded Processors (MCEP)"IEEE 978-1-4244-5540-9/10, 2010

[7] Wenliang LU, Wenhui LI; "Field Monitoring of a Tunnel Bridge During Jacking Construction", IEEE 978-1-4244-4905-7/09,2009

[8] Selvamraju Somalraju, Vigneshwar Murali, Gaurav Saha, Dr.V.Vaidehi; "Robust Railway Crack Detection Sheme (RRCDS) Using LED-LDR Assembly", IEEE 978-1-4673-1601-9/12.2012

[9] Liubomyr Vashchyshyn, Vitalij Nichoga, Igor Storozh "Analysis of Defectoscopic Signals Using the Wavelet Adapted to Detection Signals From Transverse Cracks in the head of a Rail"TCSET'2012, Feb 21-24,2012,Lviv-Slavske,Ukraine

[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

Abstract: Multimedia data security is becoming important with the continuous increase of digital communications on internet. With the rapid development of various multimedia technologies, more and more multimedia data are generated and transmitted in the medical, commercial, and military fields, which may include some sensitive information which should not be accessed by or can only be partially exposed to the general users. . The encryption algorithms developed to secure text data are not suitable for multimedia application because of the large data size and real time constraint. Therefore, there is a great demand for secured data storage and transmission techniques. Information security has traditionally been ensured with data encryption and authentication techniques. The secrecy of communication is maintained by secret key exchange. In effect the strength of the algorithm depends solely on the length of the key. The presented work aims at secure video transmission using randomness in encryption algorithm, thereby creating more confusion to obtain the original data. The security of the original cipher has been enhanced by addition of impurities to misguide the cryptanalyst. Since the encryption process is one way function, the artificial neural networks are best suited for this purpose as they possess features like high security, no distortion and its ability to perform for non linear input-output characteristics, In the presented work the need for key exchange is also eliminated, which is otherwise a perquisite for most of the algorithms used today. The proposed work finds its application in medical imaging systems, military image database communication and confidential video conferencing, and similar such application. The results are obtained through the use of MATLAB 7.14.0

Keywords: Artificial Neural networks, Back propagation algorithm, video encryption and decryption, cipher and decipher.

[1] unukur,R.K/;gnanam V,"neural network based decryption for random encryption algorithm ".
[2] Liew Pol Yee De Silva L.C,"application of multilayer perceptron network as a one way hash function".
[3] Khalil Shihab,"a backpropagation neural network for computer network security"
[4] Francia G.A,"applied image processing to multimedia information security".
[5] William Stallings," networksecurity essentials,applications and standards"
[6] Su S"Lin,A"design and realization of new choaticneural encryption\decryption network"
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video
[10] Shiguo Lian, Dimitris Kanellopoulos, and Giancarlo Ruffo, "Recent Advances in Multimedia Information System Security," International Journal of Computing and Informatics, Vol. 33, No.1, 2009, pp. 3-24.

Abstract: Now a days, the development of miniaturization technologies in electronic circuits and components has seriously decreased the dimension and weight of consumer electronic products, those are smart phones and handheld computers, and thus prepared them more handy and convenient. This paper contains an accelerometer-based digital pen for handwritten digit and gesture trajectory recognition applications. The digital pen consists of a triaxial accelerometer, a microcontroller, and an Zigbee wireless transmission module for sensing and collecting accelerations of handwriting and gesture trajectories. with this project we can do human computer interaction. Users can utilize this pen to write digits or make hand gestures, and the accelerations of hand motions calculated by the accelerometer are wirelessly transmitted to a computer for online trajectory recognition. So, by varying the position of mems (micro electro mechanical systems) we can capable to show the alphabetical characters in the PC. The acceleration signals calculated from the triaxial accelerometer are transmitted to a computer via the wireless module.

Keywords - ARM, Zigbee, Sensors module

[1] E. Sato, T. Yamaguchi, and F. Harashima, "Natural interface using pointing behavior for human–robot gestural interaction," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 1105–1112, Apr. 2007.

[2] Y. S. Kim, B. S. Soh, and S.-G. Lee, "A new wearable input device: SCURRY," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1490–1499, Dec. 2005.

[3] A. D. Cheok, Y. Qiu, K. Xu, and K. G. Kumar, "Combined wireless hardware and real-time computer vision interface for tangible mixed reality," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 2174–2189, Aug. 2007.

[4] Z. Dong, U. C. Wejinya, and W. J. Li, "An optical-tracking calibration method for MEMS-based digital writing instrument," IEEE Sens. J., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1543–1551, Oct. 2010.

[5] J. S.Wang, Y. L. Hsu, and J. N. Liu, "An inertial-measurement-unit-based pen with a trajectory reconstruction algorithm and its applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 3508–3521, Oct. 2010.

[6] S.-H. P. Won, W. W. Melek, and F. Golnaraghi, "A Kalman/particle filter-based position and orientation estimation method using a position sensor/inertial measurement unit hybrid system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1787–1798, May 2010

. [7] S.-H. P. Won, F. Golnaraghi, and W. W. Melek, "A fastening tool tracking system using an IMUand a position sensor with Kalman filters and a fuzzy expert system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1782–1792, May 2009. [8] Y. S. Suh, "Attitude estimation by multiple-mode Kalman filters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1386–1389, Jun. 2006

. [9] J. Yang, W. Chang, W. C. Bang, E. S. Choi, K. H. Kang, S. J. Cho, and D. Y. Kim, "Analysis and compensation of errors in the input device based on inertial sensors," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Inf. Technol.—Coding and Computing, 2004, pp. 790–796.

[10] Y. Luo, C. C. Tsang, G. Zhang, Z. Dong, G. Shi, S. Y. Kwok, W. J. Li, P. H. W. Leong, and M. Y. Wong, "An attitude compensation technique for a MEMS motion sensor based digital writing instrument," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Nano/Micro Eng. Mol. Syst., 2006, pp. 909–914.