iosr-JECE   Volume-8 ~ Issue-3

Abstract: The Motion Estimation Computing Array is used in Video Encoding applications to calculate the best motion between the current frame and reference frames. The MECA is in decoding application occupies large amount of area and timing penalty. By introducing the concept of Built-in Self test technique the area overhead is increased in less amount of area. In this Paper the Built-in Self test Technique (BIST) is included in the MECA and in each of Processing Element in MECA is tested using residue codes .the quotient and remainder was cross checked across the processing element and test code generator. further the residue code is replaced with the boolen logic adder in trst code generator in order to reduce the area of the circuit.Thus by introducing the BIST Concept the testing is done internally without Connecting outside testing Requirements. So the area required is also reduces. And in this Project the Errors in MECA are Calculated and the Concept of Diagnoses i.e. Self Detect and Self Repair Concepts are introduced.

Keywords: Data recovery, error detection, motion estimation, reliability, residue-and-quotient (RQ) code.

[1] Chun-lung Hsu, chang-Hsin Cheng, and Yu Liu, "Built- in self-detection/correction Architecture for Motion Estimation Computing Arrays", IEEE Transcations on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) systems, VOL.18, NO.2, February 2010, pp.319-324.
[2] Thammavarapu R.N Rao, Member, IEEE, "Biresidue Error-Correcting Codes for Computer Arithmetic", IEEE Transactions on computers, VOL. C-19, NO. 5, May 1970, pp.398-402.
[3] Meihua GU, Ningmei YU, Lei ZHU, Wenhua JIA, "High Throughput and Cost Efficient VLSI Architecture of Integer Motion Estimation for H.264/AVC", Journal of Computational Information Systems 7:4 (2011), pp.1310-1318.
[4] Zhong-Li He, Chi-Ying Tsui, Member, IEEE, Kai-Keung Chan, and Ming L. Liou, Fellow, IEEE, "Low-Power VLSI Design for Motion Estimation Using Adaptive Pixel Truncation", IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, VOL.10, NO.5, August 2000, pp.669- 677.
[5] R. J. Higgs and J. F. Humphreys, "Two-error-location for quadratic residue codes," Proc. Inst. Electr.Eng. Commun, vol. 149, no. 3, Jun.2002, pp.129–131.
[6] T. H. Wu, Y. L. Tsai, and S. J. Chang, "An efficient design-for-testability scheme for motion estimation in H.264/AVC," in Proc. Int. Symp. VLSI Design, Autom. Test, Apr. 2007, pp. 1–4.
[7] M. Y. Dong, S. H. Yang, and S. K. Lu, "Design-for-testability techniques for motion estimation computing arrays," in Proc. Int. Conf. Commun., Circuits Syst., May 2008, pp. 1188–1191.
[8] Y. S. Huang, C. J. Yang, and C. L. Hsu, "C-testable motion estimation design for video coding systems," J. Electron. Sci. Technol., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 370–374, Dec. 2009.
[9] D. Li, M. Hu, and O. A. Mohamed, "Built-in self-test design of motion estimation computing array," in Proc. IEEE Northeast Workshop Circuits Syst., Jun. 2004, pp. 349–352.

Abstract: In the deep sub micrometer CMOS process technology, the interconnect resistance, length, and inter-wire capacitance are increasing significantly, which contribute to large on-chip interconnect propagation delay. Data transmitted over interconnect determine the propagation delay and the delay is very significant when adjacent wires are transitioning in opposite directions (i.e., crosstalk transitions) as compared to transitioning in the same direction. Propagation delay across long on-chip buses is significant when adjacent wires are transitioning in opposite direction (i.e., crosstalk transitions) as compared to transitioning in the same direction. By exploiting Fibonacci number system, we propose a family of Fibonacci coding techniques for crosstalk avoidance, relate them to some of the existing crosstalk avoidance techniques, and show how the encoding logic of one technique can be modified to generate code words of the other technique.

Keywords: On-chip bus, crosstalk, Fibonacci coding.

[1] S.P. Khatri "Cross-talk Noise Immune VLSI Design using Regular Layout Fabrics", PhD thesis, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 1999.

[2] S.P. Khatri, A. Mehrotra, R.K. Brayton, Ralf H.J.M. Otten, and A.L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. "A novel vlsi layout fabric for deep sub-micron applications", In Proceedings of Design Automation Conference, pages 491–496. IEEE, 1999.

[3] F. Caignet, S. Delmas-Bendhia, and E. Sicard, "The challenge of signal integrity in deep-submicrometer CMOS technology," Proc. IEEE, vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 556–573, Apr. 2001.

[4] D. Pamunuwa, L.-R. Zheng, and H. Tenhunen, "Maximizing throughput over parallel wire structures in the deep submicrometer regime," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 224–243, Apr. 2003.

[5] R. Arunachalam, E. Acar, and S. Nassif, "Optimal shielding/spacing metrics for low power design," in Proc. IEEE Comput. Soc. Annu. Symp. VLSI, 2003, pp. 167–172.

[6] B. Victor and K. Keutzer, "Bus encoding to prevent crosstalk delay," in Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Comput.-Aided Design, 2001, pp. 57–63.

[7] C. Duan, A. Tirumala, and S. Khatri, "Analysis and avoidance of crosstalk in on-chip buses," in Proc. Hot Interconnects, 2001, pp. 133–138.

[8] P. Subramanya, R. Manimeghalai, V. Kamakoti, and M. Mutyam, "A bus encoding technique for power and cross-talk minimization," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. VLSI Design, 2004, pp. 443–448. [9] M. Stan and W. Burleson, "Limited-weight codes for low power I/O," in Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Workshop Low Power Design, 1994, pp. 209–214.

[10] M. Mutyam, "Preventing crosstalk delay using Fibonacci representation," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. VLSI Design, 2004, pp. 685–688.

Abstract: Energy optimization is a prime issue in wireless sensor network that consumes less energy to give optimum performance under low battery power, limited bandwidth and network life time of each node. In this paper, first we investigate and analyze three network layer protocols, centralized, localized, bellman ford(distributive) and next we develop a new algorithm called bellman ford asynchronous sleep wake up protocol for energy saving in packet transmission and to prolong the network lifetime. The simulation results on metrics energy spent, throughput, average delay and product delivery ratio confirms that the new protocol outperforms the other protocols.

Keywords: Localized, Centralized, Distributed, Asynchronous Sleep Wake Up.

[1] *Ivan Stojmenovic, University of Ottawa, Localized Network Layer Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Optimizing Cost over progress Ratio,IEEE Networks 2006
[2] Low Power, Low Delay:Opportunistic Routing meets Duty Cycling- Olaf Landsiedel_ 1, Euhanna Ghadimi2, Simon Duquennoy3, Mikael Johansson2 olafl@chalmers.se, euhanna@kth.se, simonduq@sics.se, mikaelj@kth.se i)Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden ii)KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden iii)Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS), Sweden

[3] C. Huang, F. Dai, and J. Wu, "On-Demand Location-Aided QoS Routing in Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. Int'l. Conf. Parallel Proc., Montreal, Canada, Aug. 2004.

[4] T. He et al., "A Spatiotemporal Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Int'l. Conf. Distrib. Comp. Sys., May 2003; to appear, IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distrib. Sys

[5] I. Stojmenovic, A. Nayak, and J. Kuruvila, "Design Guidelines for Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks with a Realistic Physical Layer," IEEE Commun. Mag., Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Series, vol. 43, no. 3, Mar. 2005, pp. 101–06.

[6] I. Stojmenovic and X. Lin, "Power Aware Localized Routing In Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distrib. Sys., vol. 12, no. 10, Oct. 2001, pp. 1023–32.

[7] M. R. Souryal, B. R. Vojcic, and R. L. Pickholtz, "Information Efficiency of Multihop Packet Radio Networks with Channel-Adaptive Routing," IEEE JSAC, vol. 23, no. 1, 2005, pp. 40–50.

[8] M. Mauve et al., "Position-Based Multicast Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," TR-03-004, Dept. Comp. Sci., Univ. of Mannheim, Mar. 2003; ACM Mobihoc Poster, 2003.

[9] P. M. Ruiz and I. Stojmenovic, "Cost-efficient Multicast Routing in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks," to appear, Handbook on Approximation Algorithms and Metaheuristics, T. Gonzalez, Ed., Chapman & Hall/CRC.

Abstract: Radiation characteristics of a simulated scalar square pyramidal horn with small aperture is presented. The E-plane walls of this horn are made of tapered dielectric plates loaded with a periodic structure of thin metallic strips. In the central region of the 8 GHz to 12 GHz frequency band, around the design frequency of 10 GHz, the 3 dB and 10 dB E- plane and H-plane beam widths of the horn are found to be more or less the same. The analysis of the radiation characteristics of the horn antenna has shown that it is simulating almost identical radiation characteristics of a scalar feed horn antenna.

Keywords: Antennas, Electromagnetic waves, Feed horn antennas, Microwaves, Scalar feeds

[1] E.Lier and T.S Petterson, "The Strip Loaded Hybrid Mode Feed Horn", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. Vol.AP-36, No. 9, pp. 1086-1088,Sept.1987

[2] E.Lier and P.S Kildal, "Soft and Hard Horn Antennas", ibid, Vol. 36, No.8, pp. 1152-1157, Aug. 1988

[3] S.Rodrigues, P.Mohanan and K.G Nair, "Simulated Corrugated Feed Horn Antennas", Proc. IEEE AP-S Intl. Symp. USA, 1990, pp.984-987

[4] S.Rodrigues, P.Mohanan and K.G Nair, "A Strip Loaded Feed Horn Antenna", IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters", Vol. 1, No.11, pp.318-319, Nov.1991

[5] S.Rodrigues, " Simulated Scalar Feed Horn Antenna with Exterior Tapered Throat Profile", IOSR Journal of Applied Physics", Vol.3, Issue 5, Mar-Apr., 2013, pp. 92-96

Abstract: A compact printed slot monopole antenna for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communications is presented. The antenna design is enhanced by introducing a slit in ground plane and symmetrical tappers in radiation patch to achieve a significant improvement in the impedance bandwidth. In addition to that, two symmetrical slots on radiation patch acts as load to match the impedance and to cause good radiation performance in both sides. The proposed antenna is designed using LTCC substrate with the material DuPont 951. Parameters are optimized through numerical modeling. It is observed from the results that the proposed antenna has minimum reflection loss in the ultra-wide radio band with effective radiation characteristics

Keywords: Impedance bandwidth, LTCC substrate, Monopole antenna, UWB.

[1] G. Brzezina, L. Roy, and L. MacEchern, Planar antennas in LTCC technology with transceiver integration capability for ultrawideband
applications, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 6, 2006, pp. 2830–2839.
[2] C. Ying and Y. P. Zhang, A planar antenna in LTCC for single-package ultrawideband radio, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.
53, no. 9, 2005, pp. 3089–3093.
[3] Y. Chen and Y. P. Zhang, Integration of ultra-wideband slot antenna on LTCC substrate, Electron. Lett., vol. 40, 2004 pp. 645–
646.
[4] J. Liang, L. Guo, C. C. Chiau, and X. Chen, CPW-fed circular disc monopole antenna for UWB applications, Presented at the
Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, Singapore, 2005, 7–9.
[5] Z. N. Chen, T. S. P. See and X. Qing, Small printed ultra wide band antenna with reduced ground plane effect, IEEE Trans.
Antennas. Propag,. Vol. 55, no. 2, 2007, pp. 383-388.

Abstract: This paper proposes a multichannel image registration method which combines information from different modalities/channels to produce a unified joint registration. Multichannel images are created by co-registering multimodality images of the same subject to utilize information across modalities comprehensively. The existing methods combine the information at the image/intensity level.But the proposed method uses feature-level information fusion method to combine the complementary information from different modalities that characterize different tissue types. This is through Gabor wavelets transformation and Independent Component Analysis (ICA), to produce an inter-subject registration. Experiments on both simulated and real multichannel images illustrate the applicability and robustness of the proposed registration method that combines information across modalities.

Keywords: Deformable registration, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), independent component analysis (ICA), information fusion, Gabor filter, multichannel image registration.

[1] M. Jenkinson, P. Bannister, J. Brady, and S. Smith, "Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and
motion correction of brain images," NeuroImage, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 825–841, 2002.
[2] H.-J. Park, M. Kubicki, and M. Shenton, "Spatial normalization of diffusion tensor MRI using multiple channels," Neuroimage, vol.
20, pp. 1995–2009, 2003.
[3] J. P. Thirion, "Non-rigid matching using demons," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. (CVPR), 1996, pp. 245–251.
[4] B. Avants, J. Duda, H. Zhang, and J. Gee, "Multivariate normalization with symmetric diffeomorphisms for multivariate studies," in
Med. Image Computing Computer-Assisted Intervent. (MICCAI), 2007, pp. 359–366.
[5] J. Daugman, "Complete discrete 2D Gabor transforms by neural networks for image analysis and compression," IEEE Trans.
Acoustics, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 1169–1179, Jul. 1988.
[6] W. Ma and B. Manjunathi, "Texture features for browsing and retrieval of image data," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.,
vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 837–842, Aug. 1996.
[7] A. Hyvarinen, J. Karhunen, and E. Oja, Independent Component Analysis. New York: Wiley, 2001
[8] D. Shen, "Image registration by local histogram matching," Pattern Recognit., vol. 40, pp. 1161–1171, 2007.

Abstract: The mobile radio channel puts various limitations on the performance of wireless or mobile communications system. In wireless communications, the transmission path between the transmitter and receiver can vary from simple line-of-sight to one that is severely obstructed by buildings, mountains and foliage so high data rate services are highly required. In this paper, Distributed antenna system (DAS) is combined with the diversity characteristics in order to enhance the mobile radio channel also to get high data rate. Distributed antenna system (DAS) are traditionally deployed for the coverage purpose by replacing the single antenna of the traditionally cellular system with multiple antennas geographically separated within the cell and connected back to the main base station. Diversity is a powerful communication receiver technique that provides wireless link improvement at relatively low cost. The downlink scenarios for DAS with single antenna selection (SAS) and multiple antenna selection (MAS) have been reviewed also diversity technique which is applied through MIMO system is analyzed. According to the system level simulation, the cell signal to interference plus noise ratio, cell edge throughput and capacity of the system is improved by 35%, 82% and 75% respectively. Moreover, the total transmitted power can be reduced by 75%.

Keywords: Distributed Antenna System (DAS), Diversity Technique, Multiple antennas

[1] A. Saleh, A. Rustako, and R. Roman. "Distributed antennas for indoor radio communications". IEEE Transactions on Communications.Volume: 35 Issue: 12, pp.1245-1251. December 1987. [

2] K. J. Kerpez. "A radio access system with distributed antennas". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume: 45, Issue:2, pp.265- 275, May 1996.

[3] Jie Zhang and Guillaume de la Roche, "Femtocells: Technologies and Deployment",. 1st ed. England: John Wiley and Sons, 2010.

[4] Wan Choi and J. G. Andrews. "Downlink performance and capacity of distributed antenna systems in a multicell environment". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Volume: 6, Issue: 1, pp.69– 73, January 2007.

[5] A. Boal, A. Soares, J. C. Silva, and A. Correia. "Distributed antenna cellular system for transmission of broadcast/multicast services". Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007. VTC2007-Spring. IEEE 65th, pp.1307–1311, April 2007.

[6] Tao Wu, Young Hoon, Jiayin Zhang, Yi Wang, "Distributed Antenna Systems with Power Adjusted Beam Switching", Vehicular Technology Conference . VTC 2010-Spring, 2010 IEEE 71st, pp. 1-5, May 2010.

[7] Jiayin Zhang and Yi Wang, "Energy-Efficient Uplink Transmission in Sectorized Distributed Antenna Systems", 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), pp.1-5, May 2010.

[8] Jiayin Zhang, Xiaoyan Bi, Yi Wang, "Antenna Pairing for Space- Frequency Block Codes in Edge-Excited Distributed", IEEE PIMRC 2010, pp. 117-122, September 2010.

[9] R1-105600, "One outdoor Scenario for Distributed Antenna for 1.28Mcps TDD", RAN#62bis， October 2010.

[10] RP-100178, "Improvements for distributed antenna of 1.28Mcps TDD", RAN#47, March 2010.

Abstract: Manual design of integrated circuits has lately become obsolete, given the fact that time constraints are more and more present. Hence, designers have shifted towards automatic approaches, using various software tools, which not only ensure a speedy result, but also provide a fertile environment for further designs. Many automated design processes that address integrated circuits include one or more computational intelligence techniques, such as genetic algorithms, multi-objective optimization, neural networks or fuzzy logic. The paper presents a survey on how these techniques are used in low noise amplifiers (LNA) design. The LNA is a crucial block in the structure of a communications receiver and must meet some strict specifications. A literature review of the up-to-date papers available on the subject classifies them, based on the design technique used, and comments the main categories. The paper also identifies some issues that have not been approached so far and indicates possible future directions.

Keywords: Computational intelligence, genetic algorithm, low noise amplifier, optimization.

[1] B. Razavi, RF Microelectronics, 2nd Edition (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2011).
[2] T.H. Lee, The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits, Second Edition (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
[3] D. Whitley,An Overview of Evolutionary Algorithms: Practical Issues and Common Pitfalls, Journal of Information and Software Technology, 43, 2001, 817-831
[4] R. Eberhart and Y. Shi, Computational Intelligence. Concepts to Implementations (Elsevier, Morgan Kaufman Publisher, 2007).
[5] D. Dumitrescu, Algoritmigeneticişistrategiievolutive – aplicaţiiînInteligenţaArtificialăşiîndomeniiconexe (Cluj-Napoca, Romania: EdituraAlbastră, 2006).
[6] T. Kalganova, Evolvable Hardware Design of Combinational Logic Circuits, doctoral diss., Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2000.

[7] J.K. Li and H.C. Tseng, FOMs Extraction for Quantum-Well Lasers and Low-Noise Amplifiers With a Modified Genetic Algorithm Technique, Proc. 5th International Microsystems Packaging Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, 2010, 1-2 [2010 fomfoms]
[8] G. Nicosia, S. Rinaudo, and E. Sciacca, An Evolutionary Algorithm-based Approach to Robust Analog Circuit Design using Constrained Multi-objective Optimization, Knowledge-based Systems,21(3), 2008, 175-183
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[10] M. Forouzanfar and S. Naseh, High Gain CMOSUWBLNA Employing Thermal Noise Cancellation, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Vancouver, Canada, 2009, 118-122.

Abstract: Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication and information technologies in order to provide clinical health care at a distance. It helps eliminate distance barriers and can improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in distant rural communities. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Telemedicine allows remote diagnoses and monitoring of patients [1]. It guarantees agility, safety, and reliability in modern health-care institutions. There are several challenges associated to automation in this sort of environment [2], viz: heterogeneity of devices, protocols, and programming interfaces; the requirement for flexible, impact-free deployment; the requirement for easy to configure, easy to manage, scalable and, if possible, self-adjusting systems, and others. We focus on the problem of patients' vital data collection, distribution, and processing. We suggest that current solutions based on manual note taking are slow, time consuming, and labor resource intensive. Besides, it imposes an obstacle to real-time data access that curbs the ability of clinical diagnostics and monitoring.

[1] MSP430 will run on grapes - video on YouTube
[2] ^ a b D. Peters, D. Raskovic, and D. Thorsen , "An Energy Efficient Parallel Embedded System for Small Satellite Applications", ISAST Transactions on Computers and Intelligent Systems, vol. 1(2), 2009
[3] ^ MSP430 article published in IEEE magazine.
[4] ^ Visual Solutions
[5] ^ MSP430 LaunchPad (MSP-EXP430G2), Texas Instruments Embedded Processors Wiki
[6] ^ "MSP430 Ultra-Low-Power Microcontroller". Texas Instruments. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
[7] www.engineersgarage.com/sites/default/files/LCD%2016x2.pdf
[8] www.electro-tech-online.com/datasheets.../40487-2-16-dot-matrix-lcd-datasheet
[9] www.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets.../-/LCD-016M002B.
[10] www.embeddedrelated.com/usenet/embedded/.../26531-1.php.

Abstract: We present a new image smoothing method by eliminating a manageable degree of low-amplitude structures while sharpening major edges by increasing the steepness of transition of edges. The use of low gradient minimization globally controls how many non-zero gradients are resulted in to approximate prominent structure in a sparsity control manner. Our method doesn't depend on local features like other edge-preserving methods.

Keywords: Filtering, gradient minimization, L0 smoothing,, sparsity.

[1] Tomasi,C.,And Manduchi, R. 1998. Bilateral Filtering For Gray And Color Images. In ICCV, 839–846.

[2] Durand, F.And Dorsey, J. 2002. Fast Bilateral Filtering For The Display Of High-Dynamic-Range Images. ACM Trans. Graph. 21, 3, 257–266.

[3] Farbman,Z.,Fattal,R.,Lischinski,D.,And Szeliski,R.2008. Edge-Preserving Decompositions For Multi-Scale Tone And Detail Manipulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3.

[4] Subr, K., Soler, C., And Durand, F. 2009. Edge-Preserving Multiscale Image Decomposition Based On Local Extrema. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 5.

[5] Kass, M., and Solomon, J. 2010. Smoothed Local Histogram Filters. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4.

[6] Paris, S., And Durand, F. 2006. A Fast Approximation Of The Bilateral Filter Using A Signal Processing Approach. In ECCV (4), 568–580.

[7] Weiss, B. 2006. Fast Median And Bilateral Filtering. ACM Trans. Graph. 25, 3, 519–526.

[8] Chen, J., Paris, S., And Durand, F. 2007. Real-Time Edge Aware Image Processing With The Bilateral Grid. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3, 103.

[9] Farbman, Z., Fattal, R., Lischinski, D., And Szeliski, R. 2008. Edge-Preserving Decompositions For Multi-Scale Tone And Detail Manipulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3.

[10] Subr, K., Soler, C., And Durand, F. 2009. Edge-Preserving Multiscale Image Decomposition Based On Local Extrema. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 5.

Abstract: The router is a " Network Router" has a one input port from which the packet enters. It has three output ports where the packet is driven out. Packet contains 3 parts. They are Header, data and frame check sequence. Packet width is 8 bits and the length of the packet can be between 1 bytes to 63 bytes. Destination address(DA) of the packet is of 8 bits. The switch drives the packet to respective ports based on this destination address of the packets. Each output port has 8-bit unique port address. If the destination address of the packet matches the port address, then switch drives the packet to the output port, Length of the data is of 8 bits. In this paper the Xilinx ISE EDA Tool is used for synthesis and Modelsim is used for simulation.

Keywords: Network-on-Chip, Simulation Router, FIFO, FSM, Register blocks.

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