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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Trends in Growth of Higher Education in India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Uma Pujar
	:	10.9790/5933-0260104

Abstract: Higher Education is a very important sector for short and long term economic growth and development of human resource which can take responsibility for social, economic and scientific development of the country. India is currently at the stage of demographic transition where population growth is slowing down but, the population of young people entering the labor force continues to expand. This young and large population should be educated for the betterment of the nation. The Government has given the required thrust to the higher education sector by initiating various plans and committees. Government of India aimed to increase Gross enrolment ratio (GER) to 21% during its Eleventh five year plan (2007-12). To achieve this, the enrolments need to be substantially raised in Universities/Colleges to reach the target by 2011-12.
Key words: Higher education, enrolment.

[1] P. K. Manoharan Higher Education: A. P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi,
[2] SanatKaulHigher Education in India: Seizing the Opportunity, 2006.
[3] AbhayPethe, Higher Education: Governance is the key!
[4] Indian Higher Education - The defining years,KPMG-Edge forum report, 2012
[5] Report on HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA Strategies and Schemes during Eleventh Plan Period(2007-2012) for Universities and Colleges.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Rural Infrastructure and Cropping Intensity in Odisha
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Chittaranjan Nayak
	:	10.9790/5933-0260509

Abstract: Cropping intensity is important at least on two grounds. One; it ensures adequate food availability for the growing population and two; it results in higher earnings for farmers, given their size of land holdings. Now question arises that how can we enhance cropping intensity? There are some possible answers, viz. land consolidation, tenancy reforms, irrigation, credit, etc. The present study intends to verify the role of rural infrastructure in raising cropping intensity. The investigation has been done with help of district level secondary data from the state of Odisha by incorporating eleven items under infrastructure. These items are sub-grouped into physical, social and financial infrastructure. A composite index namely Rural Infrastructure Index (RII) has been prepared by using the method of Principal Components Analysis and simple regression technique is used to examine the impact of infrastructure on cropping intensity. The study observes that there exists regional disparity in the stock of rural infrastructure in all the three forms. The coastal region of the state is ahead in all the three categories of infrastructure, albeit with some exceptions. The southern Odisha, mostly comprising the underdeveloped Kalahandi-Bolangir-Koraput (KBK) is still the most backward region of the state. However, as regards cropping intensity, the story is not the same.
Keywords: cropping intensity, Odisha, principal component analysis, rural infrastructure index, backward regression.

[1] Chittaranjan Nayak, Physical infrastructure and land productivity: a district level analysis of rural Orissa, ICFAI Journal of Infrastructure, Icfai University Press, Hyderabad, 6(3), 2008, 7-21.
[2] International Fund for Agricultural Development, Making a difference in Asia and pacific, News Letter, Issue 20, March-April 2008, Bangladesh
[3] Asian Development Bank, "Vietnam: Rural Infrastructure Sector Project" , Reference Number, Project Number: 29529. September 2010.
[4] National Council of Applied Economic Research, India Rural Infrastructure Report, New Delhi, 2003.
[5] S S Sangwan, Infrastructure for Agricultural Development, Occasional Paper, no. 53, Department of Economic Analysis Research, NABARD, Mumbai, 2010

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Determinants of Foreign Exchange Markets
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Yasir Yasin Raja \|\| Mr. Naeem-Ullah
	:	10.9790/5933-0261016

Abstract: Panel data analysis consisting of four countries was conducted. The study concluded with significant coefficients for relative interest rate, trade balance, terms of trade and net capital inflow. The results indicate that increase in interest rates and adverse trade balance has a negative significant impact on exchange rate while terms of trade and increase in net capital inflow results in favorable exchange rate for the home country.
Keywords: Exchange Rate, Relative Interest Rate, Relative Inflation Level, Terms of Trade, Trade Ratio.

[1]. Hota.L.K, (1993). "The Effect of Additive Outliers on The Estimates from Aggregated and Disaggregated ARIMA Models", International Journal of Forecasting Vol 9, pp. 85-93.
[2]. Ledolter.J, (1989). "The Effect of Additive Outliers on The Forecasts From ARIMA Models", International Journal of Forecasting, Vol 5, pp. 231-240.
[3]. Brooks.C, (1997). "Linear and Non Linear Non-Forecastability of High Frequency Exchange Rates", Journal Of Forecasting, 16, pp. 125-145.
[4]. Kuan.C.M and Liu.H, (1995). "Forecasting Exchange Rate Using Feed Forward and Recurrent Neural Networks", Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol 10, pp. 347-364.
[5]. Meese. R.A, Rogoff. K, (1991). "An Empirical Assessment of Nonlinearities of Models of Exchange Rage Determination", Review of Economic Studies, Vol 58, pp. 603-618.

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