IOSR-JHSS   National Conference on SOCIO CULTURAL REDEMPTION IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

Abstract: The novels of Anita Nair contain an 'Indianess' which is essentially an important criterion for Indian writing in English because it is creative as well as resourceful. It is interesting to note that the novel Ladies Coupe is worked up from the combinations of different women's experiences. The most significant element was the conversations between these women. When a women strikes in her passionate direction , if their feelings were not properly reciprocated means, she brings disaster to all concerned and abandons her role of the loving mate .This novel stands against the view of stucturalist , who states that the experience of woman can easily disappear become mute, invalid and invisible or lost in concern with their family. If relationship does not exist within the mankind, then there arise problems that rarely find solution or else taking a generation back. This paper focus on the relationship resuscitated by the characters in Anita Nair's Ladies Coupe.

Keywords: culture, family, journey, love, relationship.

[1] Nair, Anita. Ladies Coupe, New Delhi. Penguin. 2001

Abstract: The present study is based on the analysis of gender issues across planets encountered by human and alien characters that occur in the novels, Wild Seed and Dawn of Octavia Butler. The paper begins with a brief introduction of the writer Octavia Butler and a short summary of the novels chosen for study of this paper. As the title suggests the study of the paper is carried out on the issues of the different genders introduced by Octavia Butler in the two novels. The different genders of our study include the analysis of new fictitious alien genders like the Ogbanje, Oankali and Ooloi along with the two familiar earthly masculine and feminine genders on the basis of a general discrimination of the victimizer and the victimized, colonizer and the colonized. The analysis of the gender issues is done through the perspective of three principles namely: Principle of Entrance, Principle of Adaptation and Principle of Acceptance. Each principle is explained with examples cited from both novels one by one. Then the paper is concluded with Butler's message as a solution to the gender issues that tread with us for generations stating that We come to infer many thoughts like difference exists and does persist in all we see, it is difference only when we consider it a difference. We should accept each other with the difference that exist in each other and try to lead life taking the difference in a positive connotation.
Keywords: colonized, discrimination, gender, settlement, victimized

[1] Butler . E. Octavia. Seed to Harvest Grand Central Publishing, New York, Boston, 2007
[2] Butler . E. Octavia. Lilith's Brood Grand Central Publishing, New York, Boston, 2007
[3] Butler Octavia. <http.www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_Butler.com.html>
[4] Wild Seed, Octavia Butler. <http.www.qditech.com.au/userfiles/Wild Seed.pdf.com>
[5] Dawn, Octavia Butler. <http.www.qditech.com.au/userfiles/Dawn.pdf.com>
[6] Butler . E. Octavia. Seed to Harvest Grand Central Publishing, New York, Boston, 2007
[7] Butler . E. Octavia. Lilith's Brood Grand Central Publishing, New York, Boston, 2007

Abstract: "There may be short term shocks to our economy and we need to face them. That is the reality of operating in a globalized economy, whose benefits we have reaped over the last 15 to 20 years". On hearing this statement one is compelled to think of the cultural, social and political changes too apart from the economic changes that have imprinted into the society due to this global thought and is compelled to see the tremors that one needs to face today. Days ago, Charles Dickens was shocked to see such a change at the face of Industrial Revolution. In his works he reflected the social and cultural changes that such a revolution was to bring about
in England. "Charles Dickens vehemently opposed the Industrial Revolution. He was part of the literary circle that wrote "the industrial novels," that depicted the harsh realities of child labor, mechanization, overpopulation, etc.
Key words: global, social, Industrial

[1] Ebey Soman, Cultural, economic and political impacts of Industrial Revolution, November 3, 2008
http://socyberty.com/history/cultural-economic-and-political-impacts-of-industrial-revolution/2/
[2] Satyawan Sudhakar Rao Hanegave , Reflections of Globalisation and Socio-Economic Culture of Contemporary Mumbai in
Aravind Adiga's Novel ‗The Last Man in Tower, http://satyahanegave.blogspot.in/2013/04/reflections-of-globalisation-andsocio.html
[3] Maya Aguilar, Charles Dickens & the Industrial Revolution, March 8, 2003
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist151s03/messages/42.html
[4] Aravind Adiga, The White Tiger, 2008, New Delhi, Harper Collins, Publishers India.
[5] Last Man in Tower, 2011, Atlantic Books.
[6] Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, 1867, Kindle Edition
[7] Hard Times, 1854, http://www.online-literature.com/dickens/hardtimes/,
[8] Oliver Twist, 1838, http://www.online-literature.com/dickens/olivertwist/3/
[9] The Pickwick Papers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Abstract: : The paper concentrates on the study of "Redefining Relationships in Rama Mehta's Inside the Haveli". The major incidents are taking into account to support the study. Although Rama Mehta hails from a modern urban breed, she has her own original sense of Indian adjustment to the tradition. She plays the role of a catalyst shedding new colours to tradition and modernity. She tries to cut out a different dimension to the role of the daughter-in-law of the traditional family. Unconditional love is her only weapon to bring out congenial changes. She owes her success to the amiable attitudes of her mother-in-law, father-in-law and her husband. Her consistent attempt causes a harmonious blending of heterogeneous ideologies. She has no hesitation to fit into the strong bonds of traditional Haveli.

Abstract: Pudumaippittan, a radical writer and thinker whose pen name is C. Viruthachalam, was one of the most dominant and innovative writers of the Tamil language. Community satire, progressive thinking and honest criticism are the hallmarks of his works. The Government of Tamilnadu has nationalized the works of Pudumaippittan in the year 2002. He is primarily known for his short stories and he is the first to use a vernacular of Tamil other than Chennai and Tanjore. Most of his characters spoke the Tirunelveli dialect. His writings are the mixture of idiomatic and classical words. Though Pudumaippittan's active writing was less than fifteen years in which he produced nearly 100 short stories. His writing gave him a reputation as a maverick. To portray his ideas he used various characters, both common and uncommon. Common like husbands and wives, rickshaw pullers, villagers, marginalizes peoples, saints, revolutionaries and uncommon-God, ghosts, devas and so on. The well known Tamil writer D. Jayakanthan said, "Pudumaippittan carried over the legacy of poet Subramania Bharathi and will be remembered for generations to come for the profundity of his writing".

Abstract: Margaret Atwood is one of the most talented, powerful and intelligent writers in the west today. She articulates the dilemmas, contradictions and ambiguities of the late twentieth century with all its complexities and extremities. Casting her vision of life in myriad forms her techniques and themes know no limit. Known widely as a poet and a novelist, Atwood is also a critic, a short story writer, an essayist, a caricaturist and a writer of children's books. A versatile genius, Atwood through her novel explores the various inter-related social, physical and psychological anxieties of the people. Portrayal of women characters in literature are as varied as the authors who create them. Female protagonists have represented an interminable array of roles throughout literature. Whether women are represented as angels or metaphorical monsters, it is obvious that female characters have been pigeonholed and stereo typed for centuries.

Abstract: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is one of the foremost writers of the diasporic literature. She has written seven novels, numerous stories, Anthologies and poems. Many of her works deal with the immigrant experiences, especially of women in general. She highlights disporic women protagonists, living in two cultures, their delineation, isolation, exile, mental trauma, dispersion, dislocation at the level of diasporic consciousness particularly. She is an award-winning author, poet and teacher. Her themes include women, immigration, the South Asian experience, history, myth, magical realism and diversity. She writes for adults and children. Her books have been translated into twenty nine languages, including Dutch, Hebrew, Russian and Japanese. Two novels, The Mistress of Spices and Sister of My Heart, have been made into films. Her short stories, Arranged Marriage, won an American Book Award.

Abstract: Today's world is more mobile and interconnected than ever before in the history of mankind. The process of globalisation has effected so many transformations in the world that can never be imagined by human mind. With the abolition of distances and compression of spaces, intermigratory and intramigratory movements across the globe have become the order of the day. This has, in turn, resulted in the creation of the global village characterised by the presence of people belonging to diverse races, cultures, religions and ethnicities. Following the dispersal or scattering of people across the globe, a diasporic community has also come into existence. Consequent upon the physical and psychological displacement and dislocation of the socalled diasporic people from their land of birth to a totally alien land,they are either forced to assimilate themselves to the host land or to preserve their roots by alienating themselves from the socio-cultural, ethnic practices of the new land. The present research paper titled Dialectics of Survival: Immigrant Psyche in Stephen Gill's Immigrant proposes to examine how Reghu Nath, the protagonist of Stephen Gill's Immigrant strives hard to overcome the sweetness of his home land and the bitterness of the host land in order to evolve as truly cosmopolitan citizen.

Abstract: The basic problem of diasporic writings is the feeling of dislocation without roots. The diasporans feel homeless and alienated in the foreign land. Dispersal of roots involves pain, alienation, identity crisis and other feelings to the accultured ones. The Indo-American diasporan Jhumpa Lahiri document the trauma of the protagonist on different context. The novel shows how the immigrants face cultural dilemmas in the foreign system Lahiri shows that the immigrants in their enthusiasm to stick to their own cultural beliefs and customs gradually imbibe the cultural ways of the host country too. Their own children groomed to be "bilingual" and "bicultural" face cultural dilemmas and displacement more. The theme of cultural dilemmas and dislocations of the migrants, Lahiri does not remain confined to the dislocations of migrants in foreign lands alone. Rather she is philosophical in her approach; she presents dislocation as a permanent human condition. Man is dislocated in this world.By analyzing the novel, one can understand how the first generation immigrant suffers in an alien country. The novelist has dealt with the events like marriage, love for Calcutta, East/West conflict and trauma on pregnancy.

Abstract: All literature evolved from the religion at the outset.Nature came second and human love followed thereafter. From the Father of English Poetfry- the supreme Geoffrey Chaucer in the West and the even earlier our paramount Thiruvalluvar in the East. The basis of their notes was religion which turned out well through the ages, nations , languages , cultures and civilizations and their respective authors. A study of English and Tamil authors in this regard have been attempted here. After Chaucer the puritans were the ones to write purely religious tales as Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and Milton's Paradisse Lost. Moving through the ages we notice the heavenly minded writings recede to the background in the Restoration periods only to rise again with all its uncertainties during the Victorian age-creating a Hopkins leading way Eliot (Thomas Stearne) In our Mother tongue Ta,mil too hailed the gods of various sects oflthe same religion- Hinduism. A comparison and contrast of the"Revealations" in most of these manuals, treatises. pamphlets, poems, plays, and the great epics in the light of infl;uemce study, comparative approach and the content analysis aimed by this Conference.
Key words: journey, periods, puritan, recurring, religion

Abstract: Immigrant experiences are a composite one made up of journeys and border crossings. Migration leads to separation. Separation means of rebirth in a country marked by new culture and new adjustments in an alien land. Immigrant psyche shows the interaction of traditional culture within the culture of an adopted alien land and bring about a transformation in the inherited tradition and culture of the immigrant. Almost all her novels depict an immigrant looking back to her mother country with pain and nostalgia but an immigrant who shares the common grievances of those who are impelled by an insistent urge to give voice to the aspirations of these new settlers. In the novels The Tiger's Daughters, Desirable Daughters, Wife, Jasmine The Holder of the World we confront characters that despite suffering they are not ready look back. Their sensibility gets altered under the stress of circumstances at the same time they are changing the situation around them by fighting.
Key words: change,culture, immigrant, journey, voice,

Abstract: The contemporary Indian English novels revolve around the socio-cultural themes. They catch the glimpse of the ideologies and behaviours that is developed by the present generation. Aravind Adiga's Booker Prize winning novel The White Tiger is the record of a sharp and glaring look at modern day India. Adiga debunks the age-old division between the rich and the poor, existing caste system, corruption in Indian politics and the miraculous economic growth in India. Adiga's The White Tiger was born in some utterly impoverished Indian rural area where development and democracy are still part of oblivion. The world where he is born is not the India illuminated with the bright lamps of development and democracy but lies deep in the dark dungeons of corruption, inequality and poverty. Adiga clearly expresses the disparity exist in the country as haves and have-nots.Hence this paper focuses to throw the light on the socio-cultural shift made by the protagonist. Also it subtly touches the east-west encounters through the plot of this novel. Thus, the paper will analyse the socio-cultural and economic condition of India with all its complexities.
Key words: injustice, power, rights, rural, social,

[1] Adiga, Aravind. The White Tiger. New Delhi: Harper Collins, 2009. Print.
[2] Gurwara, Simmi. "Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger: A Study in Social Criticism". The Vedic Path 83.3 and 4 (Jul-Dec 2009): 162-
171. Print.
[3] Mitra, Ashok. The Nowhere Nation. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2011. Print.
[4] Nagpal, Pratibha. "Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger: A Critical Response." The Commonwealth Review 18.2 (June 2009): 151-
161. Print.
[5] Nikham, Madhavi. "Face to Face with Reality: Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger." The Quest 23.1 (Jun 2009): 86-90.

Abstract: The 'skilled cartographer of the Heart", Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, the young, avant garde , provocative , award winning poet and novelist was very successful among the non-South Asian readers, reviewers and literary critics . Through her masterpieces the novelist over- emphasizes India as the site and source of women's oppression. The angst of a transplanted life as well as issues of gender, power and ethnicity is manifested in the works of Divakaruni. The novelists' masterpiece Arranged Marriage, collection of short stories, inspired by the lives of battered Indian women in the San Francisco Bay Area provides a literary representation of women's experience of displacement. This paper focuses on the tensions and constraints that women of Indian origin are subjected to in the diasporic context. This paper focuses on the way the novelist develops succinct images of women entangled by the old world and the new world values, how women cope up with the cross cultural relationships, and how women ultimately try to achieve self-esteem and autonomy denied to them within their own somewhat insular and bigoted community.
Key words: alienation, diasporic, gender, marginalized, self – esteem,

Primary Sources
[1] Divakaruni, Chitra Banerjee. Arranged Marriage: Great Britain, Black Swan, 1997.
Secondary Sources
[2] Amin, Amina. "From Stereotypes to Individual: Women‟s Short Fiction in Gujarati". Indian Feminisms. Ed. Jasbir Jain and
Avadesh Kumar Singh. New Delhi: Creative Books, 2001. 142-151.
[3] Clifford, James. "Diasporas". Cultural Anthropology 9.3 (1994):302-38
[4] Jaidka, Manju. "The Writer as Trishanku: Indian Writing in a Foreign Space". Asian American Writing: Vol 3 Theory, Poetry and
the Performing Arts. Ed. Mandal, Somdatta. New Delhi: PrestigeBooks, 2000:(9-30)
[5] Showalter, Elaine. "Towards a Feminist Poetics". Contemporary Criticism: An Anthology.Ed.V.S. Sethuraman. Chennai:
Macmillan India, 1989.403-407

Abstract: The ecological and the environmental problems are encountered globally due to ecological imperialism. Writers with eco-concern give disturbing descriptions of degraded nature and the man's developmental greed. The fast pace of cultural, ecological and economic changes in the world provide creative silage for the literary enthusiasts, and their works lend themselves to eco-critical interpretation. It is a burgeoning academic movement that requires greater attention and emphasis in the twenty first century. As a result, environmental literature and eco-criticism have now become immensely popular in the literary world. Lawrence is identified as the first eco-feministic literary personality in Lady Chatterley's Lover. Lawrence in Lady Chatterley's Lover brings to light the dark vision of life caused by the devastating effect of the modern sophistic progress which pollutes the serene idyllic environment and the uncontaminated innocent, simple society. A man's inner being and the outer world have mutual correspondence and interdependence paving way to lead a wholesome life.. This paper explores how D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover gives a clarion call to the humanity of impending ecological disaster and the ways to lead a simple, real life.
Key words: economical, global, nature, progress, spiritual

[1] Amaladass, Anand. "Sustainable Development and Religion: Towards an Economic-Eco-Socio- Spirituality." Essays in
Ecocriticism. Ed. Nirmal Selvamony, Nirmaldasan and Rayson K. Alex. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2007. 29-39. Print.
[2] Lawrence, D. H. Apocalypse. Great Britain: Penguin Books, 1977. Print.
[3] ---. Lady Chatterley‟s Lover. New Delhi: Robin Books, 2005. Print.
[4] Sumathy, U. "Nature Writing." Ecocriticism in Practice. New Delhi: Sarup Book Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2009. 12-32. Pr

Abstract: In this paper titled "Eco-Criticism", an attempt is made to discuss eco criticism which emerges as saparate discipline in 21st century. Eco is a short of ecology which is concerned with the-relationship between living organisms in their natural environment and their relationships with the environment. Despite an undeniable development, eco criticism, by analogy, has a close link and relationship between literature and environment. It is absolutely a combination of a natural science and a humanistic discipline. Besides interdisciplinary combination of the physical and the spiritual can be seen in terms of ecology and eco criticism. It is found that the relationship between man and physical environment had always been interesting to literary critics.
Key words: values, realism, environmental praxis, nature

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Abstract: Jhumpa Lahiri the Putlizer prize winner for the year 2000, is a significant writer of Indian diaspora who has enriched the corpus of international writing in English. Her novel The Name sake deals with the tribulations of the immigrants in an alien land, the yearnings of exile and the emotional bafflement of cross cultural dilemmas. The novel continues to develop further the themes of cultural alienation and loss of identity. She tries to incarcerate the experiences and cultural dilemmas of 30 year struggle for the Ganguli family, for their integration and assimilation into alien. Lahiri's protagonists are the continental immigrants but they endure cultural introspection. They have their conflict of consciousness between two selves- the native and the foreign. They have their journey towards home and identity, being recognized as unsettling race through alienation, cultural conflict and hybrid culture. By carefully delineating the selves of her tormented characters she has imparted universality to their themes. Thus her narratives are the real social documents on tormented souls not with the usual sound and fury but rather through imaginative reconstructions.
Key words: alienation, culture, identity, immigrant, self

[1] Bose, Brinda." A Question of Identiy: Where Gender, Race and America Meet in Bharati
[2] Mukherjee" in Emmanuel, S. Nelson.ed. Bharathi Mukherjee: Critical Perspective. Print.
[3] Lahiri,Jhumpa.The Namesake.Delhi.:Carper Collins. 2003. Print.
[4] Mcload,John. Beginning Post-Colonialism.London: Manchester University Press. 2000. Print.
[5] Nayar,Aruti. A Story Told with Sensibility and Subtlety, The Sunday Tribune, Oct.5.2003 Print.
[6] Said,Edward.Oreintalism.London: London University Press. 1985. Print.

Abstract: Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the literature of two or more different linguistic, cultural or national groups. Poetry is a beautiful genre of literature. One is always fascinated by the exaggerated poetic lies though one is very much aware that it is not the absolute truth. It can also be vehement, aggressive, fatefully frank and assertive. The American poet taken for study is Robert Frost's Mending Wall. It is a poem which begins in delight and ends in wisdom. The poem Night of the Scorpion by the Indian poet Nissim Ezekiel is a concrete and composite image of the reality of Indian rural life. Robert Frost and Nissim Ezekiel have given a colorful picture of rural life of their respective nations. But William Blake who is a great visionary and revolutionary vehemently criticises the system that oppresses the poor in his poem London. The poem is simple but forceful. The poet appeals to the emotions of the rich people and shows them how wrong they are. A comparative study of the three brilliant poems is both interesting and enlightening.
Key words: nature, emotions, global, literary, reality, vision,

[1] Blake, William. "London". Blake: The Complete Poems. Ed.E.H. Stevenson. New York: Norton, 1972. 213-214. Print.
[2] Ezekiel, Nissim. "Night of the Scorpion". Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets. Chosen and Ed. R.Parthasarathy. Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1976. 31 – 32. Print.
[3] Frost, Robert. "Mending Wall". An Anthology: American Literature 1890 – 1965. Ed. Dr.Egnert S.Oliver. New Delhi: Eurasia
Publishing House, 1967. 387 – 388. Print.
[4] Kumar Das, Bijay. Comparative Literature. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd, 2000.

Abstract: The artistic and aesthetic beauty of literature can be appreciated and rejoiced when it is compared and correlated with diverse literature across the boundaries. There is prevalence of ideologies, socio-cultural intersections between religion and literature from the medieval to contemporary periods. Religion is saturated with several mythological characters, settings and situations that facilitate the readers to juxtapose diverse literatures to strike contrast and mark the relationship of the creative works of the authors. This paper traces out the parallelism and similarity between J.K.Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Hindu mythology. One can enjoy the beauty of a work of art and delve deep into the subtle and literary meanings by comparing with other works of art and literature. The Harry Potter series cannot be taken only as a story of magic and adventure but can be interpreted in relation to Hindu mythology. The analysis in this vein reveals the rich tapestry of incidents and situations in the Harry Potter series have a close association with our religion .

[1] 1.365 Bible Stories and Verses. Retold Muriel Grainger. London: Hamlyn, 1971. Print.
[2] 2.Frye, Northrop. The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976. Print.
[3] 3.Krishnamachariyar, Purasai Nadadhur. Sri Mahabharatham: Adi Parvam. Madras: Sri Narasimha Priya Publishers, 1975. Print.
[4] 4.Narayan, R. K. The Ramayana: A Shortened Modern Prose Version of the Indian Epic. India: Penguin Books, 1996. Print.
[5] 5.Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Philosopher‟s Stone. Great Britain: Bloomsbury, 1997. Print.
[6] 6.Tagore, Rabindranath. Gitanjali: Song Offering. Delhi: Sahni Publications, 2003. Print

Abstract: A comparative study of Bernard Malamud and Bharati Mukherjee is taken up for analysis. The striking similarity between Malamud and Mukherjee on various issues has given me a platform to compare their works for this paper. Mukherjee's 'Jasmine' and Malamud's 'The Fixer' form the basis for this study. In Mukherjee's 'Jasmine', the plot follows the titular character in the process of becoming an empowered individual more than that of becoming an American. Jasmine, the protagonist of the novel, undergoes several transformations during her journey of life in America, from Jyoti to Jasmine to Jane, and often experiences a deep sense of estrangement resulting in a fluid state of identity. This journey becomes a tale of moral courage, a search for self –awareness and self-assertion. Malamud's characters too venture this inner journey, to find their true identity in their struggle to alienate themselves from the roots and trying to identify themselves in the alien soil, which is worth making. The alienated self, cut off from society and even from itself are nowhere more poignantly portrayed than in Malamud's 'The Fixer'.
Key words: faith, identity, journey, murder, struggle,

Primary Sources
[1] Mukherjee, Bharati. Jasmine NewDelhi : Viking, Penguin India,1990.
[2] Malamud, Bernard. The Fixer NewYork : Farrar,Straus and Giroux, 1994.Rpt.
Secondary Sources
[1] Dhawan, R.K. ed. The Fiction of Bharati Mukherjee : A critical symbosium. New Delhi : Prestige Books. 1996.
[2] Alter, Iska. The Fixer, The Tenants and the Historical perspective New York : Ams Press,Inc.,1981.
[3] Bilik, Dorothy Seidman. "Malamud‟s secular saints and comic jobs" in Immigrant survivors : Post Holocaust Consciousness in
Recent jewish American Fiction pp55-80, Middletown, Connecticut : Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1981.
[4] Sant, Aravindra. " Surrealism and the struggle for identity in The Fixer" studies in American Jewish Literature 7, no 2 (Fall) 177-
88.