IOSR-JHSS   Volume-12 ~ Issue-6 ~ Jul-Aug-2013

Abstract: Martin Heidegger stands out as one of the greatest philosophers in the contemporary period. His philosophy centers on Being. His contribution to philosophy is to recover the real meaning of Being that other philosophers had forgotten. For him, Being manifests itself anew at different times. He approaches this problem of Being in three stages, the first stage is Dasein analysis, the second is art and truth as a path to Being; the final stage is Being as a process that is expressed as ereignis and Gelassenheit. Science and technology falls with the second stage of Heidegger's view on Being. Heidegger is not against science and technology but the abuse. According to Heidegger, the poet names the holy, the philosopher thinks Being, the men of science and technology are also aspired by Being; therefore, the men of science and technology should not produce things that will bring progress to man. But today people are slaves to things they produce one cannot think well again without using calculator or cell phone, one cannot spell English words correctly without the aid of computer. We are now annihilated human beings. In this work, I wish to make us aware of certain elements which might prove destructive to our society, if they are not properly guarded against in our bid to reach the apex of science and technology. Our method is textual analysis, a critical look at the original tools of Heidegger and the commentaries written on an aim by other books authors to know the effects of science and technology in our society.

[1]. Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essay translated by William Lovitt (New York: Harper and Row publishers, 1977) P. 4.
[2]. C.S. Nwodo, "The Role of Art in Heidegger‟s Philosophy" in Philosophy today (London: The fall publishers, 1977) p. 296.
[3]. Martin Heidegger, "The Origin of the Work of Art" in Martin Heidegger Basic Writings Edited by David Farell Krell (New York: Harper and Row publishers, 1977) p. 144-145.
[4]. Martin Heidegger, "The Origin of the Work of Art" in Martin Heidegger Basic Writings p. 153.
[5]. G. W. F Hegel, "Philosophy of Fine Art" in Philosophy of Art and Aesthetics Edited by Tiliman and Cahn (New York: Harper and Row publishers, 1969) p. 231.
[6]. Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology and other Essays: p.3
[7]. Manfred S. Frings, Heidegger and the Quest for Truth (Indiana Indiana University Press, 1967) p. 128.
[8]. Martin Heidegger, Discourse on Thinking translated by John Anderson and E. Hans Freund (New York: Harper Torch Books. 1966) p. 35.
[9]. C.S. Nwodo, "A Study of Martin Heidegger‟s Thinking on Art" Ph.D. Dissertation (Unpublished) Louvain, 19‟74p. 14.
[10]. B. Franklin, "authentic Existence" in Encyclopedia Britanica (London: 1998) Vol. 18. P. 21.

Abstract: Martin Heidegger is a German philosopher. He is called "the philosopher of Being". For Heidegger, Being is a mystery. Friedrich Hegel is also a German philosopher, he believes in being and the Absolute spirit. According to Hegel the Absolute Spirit is not Holy Spirit or God but the principle that guides the universe. Heidegger and Hegel believe in the existence and reality of being. The difference is that Heidegger maintains that "Being" is a mystery that can be approached but cannot be penetrated. While Hegel believes that human reason can encompass or penetrate all realities. Our method is textual analysis. It means reflecting on the original works of our authors and also books written on them by other writers to discover the similarities and differences between Hegel and Heidegger.

[1]. Rex Warner, The Greek Philosophers (new York: A Mento Books, 1958) p. 221.
[2]. St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (New York: The Modern Library, 1948) p. 783.
[3]. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (New York: Anchor Books, 1966) p. 627.
[4]. Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness (New York: Methuen and Co Ltd., 1956) p. xxv. Also Omoregbe, History of Contemporary Philosophy p. 88.
[5]. Gabriel Marcel, Metaphysical Journal (Chicago: Henry Regnery Publication, 1952) p. 317.
[6]. Al. Fred, Metaphysics (New York: Anchor Books, 1972) p. 36.
[7]. Martin Heidegger, An Introduction to Metaphysics (New York: Anchor Books Doubleday &Company Inc., 1961) p. 45.
[8]. Martin F. Asiegbu, "Why is there Something Rather than Nothing" in the Philosopher Magazine Published by the Nigerian Association of Philosophy Students, 1983, vol. 1. No. 1, p. 3.
[9]. Martin Heidegger, "Letter on Humanism" Translated by Edgar Lohner (New York: Harper & Row Paperback Edition, 1971) p. 203.
[10]. Martin Heidegger, Discourse on Thinking (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1966) p. 55.

Abstract: Scholars of ethnicity and nationalism observe that a society undergoing modernization and industrialization creates alongside a class of elites which takes major decisions bringing change and transformation in the society. In the multi-ethnic societies, spurring of elites involve inter and intra elite competitions for the sharing of the developments and fewer employment opportunities. The growth and development of an ethnic community often depends on the situations around and the kind of inter elite competition they are pressed into. The Boro society too began undergoing modernization with the spread of modern education in the early decades of the 20th century. In the beginning they were meagre in number, but as time passed by, they grew in number and strength and by 1930s they emerged as one of the formidable political force of the state proving themselves as the king makers of that time. As saying goes, intellectual revolution precedes political revolution; the Boro intelligentsia of the early decades of the 20th century was also more concerned with bringing an intellectual awakening among the members of the Boro community.

Key words: Ethnicity, elites, multi-ethnic, spurring, meagre, intelligensia, awakening.

[1]. Asom Sahitya Sabha, Gurudev Baba Kalicharan Brahma, Gauhati, 1983.
[2]. Basumatari, Binai Khungur, Plains Tribals Before the Simon Commission, (ed), Harisinga, undated.
[3]. Basumatari, J. K, "Boro Sahitya Sabhani Sungdoh Jarimin‟, (A Brief History of the Bodo Sahitya Sabha), In Souvenir, published by the Bodo Sahitya Sabha, Kokrajhar, 1984.
[4]. Brass R. Paul, Ethnicity and Nationalism Theory and Comparison, New Delhi, 1991.
[5]. Boro, Biren Das, "Boro Sahityar Itihas‟ (History of Boro literature), in Songrai, Bodo Sahitya Sabha, Kokrajhar, 1985.
[6]. Bottomore, TB, Elites and Society, Penguin Publication, 1964.
[7]. Census Of India, 1961, Vol III, Assam Part V-A, rpt of the Castes and Tribes of Assam, from chapter IV of the report of the census of Assam.
[8]. Chandra, Bipan, Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, New Delhi, 1979.
[9]. Chandra, Bipan, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, New Delhi, 1970.
[10]. Das, Parag Kumar, "Asomor Janajatya Raijor Somoisya, Udayachal aru Annainya‟ (Problems of the Tribals of Assam, Udayachal and etc.) In Prantik, July 16-31 issue, 1983.

Abstract: Sikkim is the only insurgency free state in North- East India apart from Meghalaya. The paper attempts to determine the factors that have led to Sikkim being free of insurgency while the entire area is infested by insurgent groups. Owing to the relative lack of analytical research on the State, the question has never been answered before. Sikkim has turned out to be the only state in the North- Eastern region which has no history of insurgency. As such it may act as a medicine for the problem of insurgency in the North- East despite marked differences in the conditions of Sikkim and other North- Eastern states. The 'Sikkim Approach' to solve the problem of Insurgency might prove very useful in the long run. The Sikkim story is a story of development and security which should be the ideal approach of governance in any state. If this approach is successfully adopted in other states as well the problem of insurgency might soon be a thing of the past.
The 'North-Eastern Region' of India is one of the most disturbed regions of India. Ethinically diverse it is severely gripped by insurgency and terrorist movements and is a home to more than 200 insurgent groups.1 The region comprises of the seven contiguous sister-states and their brother i.e. Sikkim. Unlike the turbulent sister-states, Sikkim was always a peaceful state since its incorporation in India. Sikkim, till date, has not witnessed any insurgency movements. The lone incident of spill over of Insurgency from neighbouring states has been the arrest of National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) vice- president Dhiren Boro alias Bipul Sonowal on 1st January 2003 along with his wife, two children and two body guards.2 Apart from this sole incident Sikkim has never had any reported incidents of Insurgency.

[1]. Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs Annual Report 2007-08.
[2]. Anjan Chakrabarti; Tourism in Sikkim: Quest for a self- reliant Economy; The NEHU journal, Vol. VII, No.1, 2009, pp.89,90
[3]. Subir Bhaumik; Insurgencies in India‟s North- East: Conflict, Co-option and Change; Working Papers, No.10, July 2007, East West Center, Washington
[4]. Ministry of Home Affairs, Annual Report 2002-2003, Government of India, New Delhi.
[5]. "Sikkim at a glance". Department of Information and Public Relations, Government of Sikkim. 29 September 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051031000351/http://www.sikkimipr.org/GENERAL/STATS/sikkimataglance.htm.
[6]. "People of Sikkim". Department of Information and Public Relations, Government of Sikkim. 29 September 2005.
[7]. Clarence, Maloney (1974). Peoples of South Asia. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 409. ISBN 0-03-084969-1.
[8]. "India and China agree over Tibet". BBC News. 24 June 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3015840.stm.
[9]. Arjun Adlakha (April 1997). "Population Trends: India" (pdf). International brief. U.S. Department of Commerce. p. 5. http://www.census.gov/ipc/prod/ib9701.pdf#search=%22india%20state%20population%22.
[10]. CDPS, Centre for Peace Studies, Website for the Centre of Peace Studies, Govt. of India. http://cdpsindia.org/sikkim_insurgency.asp

Abstract: Like ancient Israel, the social-environment of Nigeria‟s Niger Delta, remains threatened as there is proliferation of social crimes resulting in some scholar termed "a society in total disarray with all community relationships dislocated." The paper adopts the Aquinas‟ paradigmatic theory of natural law which stresses the need to maintain law and ethical principle on which all creation (including humans) are ordered. It also utilizes the Historical-Grammatical method which emphasizes the socio-cultural and grammatical context of a text as an interpretative framework for the study of אֱ מֶ ת ("emeth) and מֶ ח מֶ סד (chesed). It further employs the survey method to research toward generating the needed information from the Niger Delta people regarding the subject matter. This paper concludes that the Niger Delta region is confronted with security threats resulting from man‟s deviation from responsible relationships in the society. It further submits that revisiting such principles like אֱ מֶ ת
and מֶ ח מֶ סד which deal with honesty, reliability, faithfulness, functional and efficient community relationship with value for lives, could indeed serve as recourse to security needs in the human-ecological zone especially the Nigeria‟s Niger delta region.

Keywords: Human ecological zone, Nigeria‟s Niger Delta, אֱ מֶ ת ("emeth) and מֶ ח מֶ סד (chesed), Security needs

[1]. Francis I Anderson Hosea: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, (NY: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. 1980), 331-341.
[2]. Hans Walter Wolff, Hosea: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Hosea, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974), 67.
[3]. Anon. "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly" United Nations Millennium Declaration http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm (Accessed 30th December, 2012).
[4]. John S. Mbiti, African Religions and Philosophy, (Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books, 1969), 1.
[5]. Hayes M.K "The Earth Mourns", Prophetic Metaphor and Oral Aesthetic, (2002), 48.
[6]. R. L Sklar, Ebere Onwudiwe and Kew Darren, (2006), "Nigeria: Completing Obasanjo‟s Legacy, J. Democracy, 17 (3): 100-115
[7]. A. Adeseyoju "Gatekeepers as Money Launderers," The Guardian, September 8, (2006) 24- 26.
[8]. Jideofor Adibe, "Pervasive Kidnapping in Nigeria: Symptom of A Failing State?" http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=304&catId=1&page=2 (Accessed 08/02/2013)
[9]. S. Robinson (2004) "Nigerian‟s First Female Finance Minister Wants to Make sure her Country‟s Petrodollars Helps People" Time Europe,164 (14). This female minister‟s quest for relief to the marginalized suggests the existence of marginalization a destructive force in any given society.
[10]. Justin S. Ukpong, "Inculturation As Decolonization of Biblical Studies in Africa" in S. O. Abogunrin (Ed.), Decolonization of Biblical Interpretation in Africa, Biblical Studies Series Number 4, A Publication of the Nigerian Association for Biblical Studies {NABIS}, (Ibadan, Nig.: M. Alofe Nig. Enterprises), 44-45. See also, Madipoane Mesanya, (2004) "How Worthy is the Woman of Worth? Rereading Proverbs 31:10-31 in African-South Africa" in Knut Holter, (E.d), Bible and Theology in Africa, vol.4 (New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. 2005), 9-11.

Abstract: Wise men have said 'Physical injury is finite, emotional is infinite'. Their acumen was never challenged and perhaps will be noted in high perspicacity for times ahead. The relevance of this adage is seen in context when we bring into the fore the malady, highly social in nature, forming the core of this research, in the form of NRI Marriages or Non-Resident Indian Marriages. The predicament is not endemic to just the Indian shores, but more prevalent perhaps. Through this doctrinal research study, we endeavor to diagnose the problem and make an inquest into the root causes of this rancid 'social malaise'. Identifying the flawed, biased societal mind-sets to the lack of a policy framework on the part of the law makers, the paper sets out remedial as well as palliative measures to check and thwart this social plague. Trending in most states of India, this lamentable practice of deserting the wife has been seen to be on the upsurge. The safeguards listed out in this paper have been so devised as to not digress from the international and national legal conformities. The initiatives, if implemented will do well to withhold if not eradicate the problem.

Keywords: NRI Marriages, Desertion, Fraud, Child Custody, Social Ignominy

[1]. Shamita Das Dasgupta, Woman Abuse in a Globalizing World: Abandonment of Asian Women, Ending Violence Association of British Columbia (EVA BC), Issue 2010-11, pp. 4.
[2]. Y. Narasimha Rao v. Y. Venkata Lakshmi, JT 1991 (3) SCC 33.
[3]. Memorandum on NRI Marriages and Abandoned Brides, Rakshak Foundation, 2007, pp.7.
[4]. Dr. G A Solanki (2012), Fradulent NRI Marriage and Vulnerable Brides, Indian Journal of Research, Vol. 1 Issue 10, pp. 91.
[5]. Rajinder Kour Chhohka (2013), NRI marriages: Problems, Causes and Remedies, available at: http://pd.cpim.org/2006/0730/07302006_problem%20relating%20to%20nri%20marriage.htm, accessed on January20, 2013.
[6]. "Need for Family Law Legislations for Non-resident Indians", Report no. 219, Law Commission of India (March 2009), pp. 9.
[7]. "Marriages with Non-Resident Indians", National Commission on Women, Chapter VIII, pp.59
[8]. "Problems relating to overseas Indian marriages: Scheme for providing legal/financial assistance/rehabilitation to Indian women deserted by their overseas Indian spouses", Standing Committee on External Affairs (2011-12), Fifteenth LokSabha, Fifteenth report, pp. 10.
[9]. HirachandSrinivas v. Sunanda 2001 SCC 1285.CAL. CIV.CODE §§ 4000-5138 (West 1983).
[10]. Lynn D. Wardle (1991), No-Fault Divorce and the Divorce Conundrum, BYU L. Rev. 79.

Abstract: Increased competition, changing business environments, globalization and the advancement of Information and Communications Technology are the important factors that have forced Banking and Financial services to change. Demand for financial services is changing rapidly and customer behavior regarding these services is also adapting rapidly.Electronic banking is the wave of the future. It provides enormous benefits to consumers in terms of the ease and cost of transactions. But it also poses new challenges for country authorities in regulating and supervising the financial system and in designing and implementing macroeconomic policy.The major challenges that Electronic banking is facing is the security variability, lack of knowledge of end users, failure of bank transitions, user interface etc. In this paper we also conclude that what factors should be enhanced to improve Electronic banking.

Key Words: Status, Implementation, Challenges, Opportunities

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Abstract: This study analyzes the impact of climate change on fishermen livelihood development. Climate change is defined a change in the statistical properties of the climate system in particular region when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. However it is classified into two categories namely predictable and unpredictable climate change based on the discussion with village dwellers. In this paper, those climate change or weather condition that may occur in coming times could be predicated in advance is defined as predictable climate changes for example cyclone and those climate change or weather condition could not be predictable in advance is defined as unpredictable climate changes for example changing water current. This study focuses on the impact of unpredictable climate change on the fishermen livelihood development. It has gained a few attentions from the social science researches. The data for this study were collected through informant case studies from fishing village of Pommaiyar Palaiyam located in Coromandel Coast, Tamil Nadu, India during the intensive fieldwork period of doctoral research, and the qualitative approaches are used for analyzing the data. The finding of this study explores the correlation between the unpredictable climate change and multi-dimensional paradigm of poverty of the proposed study village as follows: (1) the climate change of the village from the last two years, (2) the impact of unpredictable climate change on fishermen livelihood development activities: occupation uncertainty, income disorganization, damages, loses of fishing equipments and psycho-social problems, and (3) the suggestions and recommendations from this issue. This study analyzed their social problem especially multi-dimensional poverty with the concept of vicious circle which is a key factor for their prolonged poverty and psycho-social problem which is a barrier for livelihood development activities uplifting of this village and suggests that the measures to be taken to reduce the present scenario of the people.

Keywords: Livelihood development, unpredictable climate change, Poverty, Natural disaster Indian Coromandel Coast.

[1] M. S. Dhadave, Strategies for Rural Development in India, in. M.S. Dhadave, K.G. Joshi and S. G. Melkundi (eds.). Rural and Urban Studies in India, (New Delhi: Rawat Publications, 1996). 176 - 193

[2] S. Patnaik and J. K. Baral, Socio-Economic status of fisher Women: Continuity and Change. (New Delhi: Social Publications, 2012).

[3] M. Bavinck, Understanding Fisheries Conflicts in the South – A Legal Pluralist Perspective. Society and Natural Resources, 18 2005, 805-820.

[4] Peter Swanborn, Case Study Research: What, Why and How?. (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2010).

[5] B. Metz, O. Davidson, R. Swart, and J. Pan, Climate Change 2001: Mitigation. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).

Abstract: Coastal communities in Chile are at risk to tsunami like other coastal communities around the world. As resilience is understood as the opposite of vulnerability, it is important to increase community resilience to reduce vulnerability. The Dichato community is one of the most affected communities by the 27 February 2010 earthquake and following tsunami in central Chile and the recovery process is slower there than expected.

Key Words: Community Resilience, Planning Capacity, Social Capacity, Disaster Risk, Vulnerability

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[3]. United States Agency for International Development (USAID). (2010). Chile – Earthquake: Fact Sheet #11, Fiscal Year (FY) 2010.
[4]. Bárcena, A., Prado, A., López, L., & Samaniego, J (2010). The Chilean earthquake of 27 February 2010: An overview. United Nations publication. LC/R.2160.
[5]. Paton, D., Millar, M., & Johnston, D. (2001). Community resilience to volcanic hazard consequences. Natural Hazards, 24, 157–169.
[6]. Coles, E., & Buckle, P. (2004). Developing community resilience as a foundation for effective disaster recovery. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 19, 6–15.
[7]. Kasperson, J. X. & Kasperson, R. E. 2001. SEI Risk and Vulnerability Programme Report 2001-01. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm.
[8]. Lichterman, P. (2009) Social capacity and the styles of group life: Some inconvenient wellsprings of democracy. American Behavioral Scientist, 52 (6), pp. 846-866.
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Abstract: Concept of 'nation' whether real, imagined or represented has always been an extremely problematic one drawing numerous social scientists and academicians into debate. Even before our eminent literary theorists like Benedict Anderson and HomiBhava have probed into this problem of defining 'nation' and theorizing it in the literary contexts, there has been great visionaries in India/Bengal who have expressed their inspirational ideas of the 'nation' and its derivative 'nationalism'. One such radical visionary and Renaissance man worth mentioning is Rabindranath Tagore.Tagore's works were what he called 'the play of feeling and not of action'. True to the very words, he wrote about a wide range of subjects from social to political and philosophical, his authorship too ranging from children to adults. But in most of his seminal works, either for children or for adults, his concept and imagination of nation is prominent or at least impressive.

Key Words: caste, identity, Indianness,nation, nationalism

[1] GangeyaMukherji's ―Open Texture of nationalism: Tagore as a Nationalist‖, published in the special issue of Tagore by Rupkatha Journal Vol.2 no.4.

[2] Anderson's definition of Nation as found in his famous book Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Revised and extended. ed.). London: Verso. pp. 224. ISBN 978-0-86091-546-1was that a Nation is a socially constructed community, imagined by the people who perceive themselves as part of that group.

[3] Tagore, ‗Nationalism in India', in RamachandraGuha (ed.), Nationalism, Delhi: Penguin Books, 2009, p. 73

[4] Tagore, ‗SwadeshiSamaj' in RabindraRachanabali, Kolkata: Visva-BharatiGranthanBibhag,125th anniversary edition, 1986, p.640. [5] Tagore, ‗Nationalism in India', in RamachandraGuha (ed.), Nationalism, Delhi: Penguin Books, 2009, p. 73

[6] ShantidevGhosh (1910-1999) came to Santiniketan as a teenager and lived there for the rest of his 89 years. Known as an author and authority on Asian Music and especially on Rabindranath Tagore, he dedicated his life to Tagore and was considered the greatest exponent of Tagore's music and dance. In 1930 he was appointed a music teacher in Visva-Bharati, becoming Director of the SangeetBhavan in 1939 and Principal in 1945.

Abstract: The emergence of online communication in shape of social networking sites (SNS) has tremendously increased the number of internet users world wide in general and in India in particular. The main reasons behind the tremendous increase in number of social networking site users is availability of all sorts of infotainment under one click. Although all age groups are using various social networking sites inorder to communicate online but the users proportion of facebook is much higher than others. Facebook is a world wide used social networking site with pre designed user friendly pages and latest applications and games due to which the proportion of youth facebook users is higher than other age groups. Facebook is designed in such a way as it develops initially attraction within users to use it and then compels them to over use it hence offshoots addiction within them to be online and to converse online with various know as well as unknown users. Mostly the victim of this addictive online communication of facebook is youth (15-35 years of age) as of their leisure time due to low responsibility in their early dependency periods and unawareness about the impact of its over use on them due to which their various aspects are getting affected in addition to acedamic grades. The impact on acedamic grades is both positive as well as negative but the intensity of later is much higher than former type of impact. This research paper will through light on the impact of use or overuse of facebook social networking site on the acedamic grades or carrier of youth users and will surely help the readers in making a balance between use and overuse of internet in general and facebook social networking in particular.

Keywords- Acedamic grades, Facebook, Online Addiction, Online Communication, Social networking sites (SNS)

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