IOSR-JHSS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ Sep-Oct-2013

Abstract: Using cluster sampling technique, a cross sectional as well as community based study of 1029 currently married women was conducted in four valley districts (Bisnupur, Imphal East, Imphal West and Thoubal) of Manipur, a north eastern border state of India. The sample survey was completed during August, 2011 to February, 2012. Logistic regression analysis explores the significant causal factors of 3rd birth transition to be low education (P<0.01), sex of 2nd birth (P<0.05) and couple's desire number of son (P<0.01). And son preference is observed to be most influencing on 3rd birth phenomenon.

Key words: replacement fertility, 2nd live birth, sex at birth, education, odds ratio,

[1]. Hussain R, Fikree FF, Berendes HW. The role of son preference in reproductive behavior in Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 2000; 78(3): 379-388.

[2]. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3): 2005-06, India: Key Findings. IIPS Mumbai, 2007

[3]. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06, Manipur, 2008: 46.

[4]. Khawaja M, Randall A. Intifada Palestinian fertility and women's education. Genus, 2006; LXII(1): 21-51.

[5]. Nath DC, Deka AK. The importance of son in a traditional society: How elderly parents see it? Demography India, 2004; 33(1): 33-46.

[6]. Nath DC, Leonetti DL. Correlates of coital bpatterns in a traditional Indian society. In: R.C. Yadava (ed). Dynamics of population change (Emerging issues of 21st Century). Shipra Publication, Delhi, 2011: 57-67.

[7]. Singh NS, Narendra RK, Hemochandra L. Determinants of waiting time to conception in Manipuri women. Kuwait Medical Journal, 2007; 39(1): 39-43.

[8]. Singh NS, Singh NS, Narendra RK. Survival analysis of duration of waiting time to conception. Electronics Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis, 2011; 4(2): 144-154.

[9]. Vignoli D. Fertility change in Egypt: From second to third birth. MPIDR Working Paper 2006-011, 2006.

[10]. Yadava RC, Sharma SS. Closed birth interval versus most recent closed birth intervals. Demography India, 2004; 33(2): 249-263.

Abstract: Entrepreneurship education in Nigeria was introduced into the schools curriculum with the aim of providing knowledge directed towards developing and inculcating into the students skills, competences, understanding and attributes that will equip them to be innovative, and to identify, create, initiate, and successfully manage personal, community, business and work opportunities. This study is on the perception and attitude of students in tertiary institutions towards entrepreneurial education in Nigeria schools. Questionnaire and interview were the instrument used and accidental sampling technique was adopted to select 300 respondents from two tertiary institutions of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi and Federal Polytechnic Bauchi. Mean, rank order and t-test where the tools employed for the data analysis. It was found out that, majority of the respondents believes entrepreneurial education is a good policy and it has come to stay, they see it as a possible solution to the problem of high level unemployment, through self employment and job creation, source of revenue to government; will promote industrialization, innovation and technology. But they are of the opinion that the prospect of the programme will hardly be achieved due to poor policy implementation and other environmental factors.

[1]. Akunjobi, A.A (2002) Rudiment of Entrepreneurship Education for Universal Basic Education Vocational Renaissance. Vol. 1 No 1 Gonagol ventures, Kano
[2]. Aminu, H.M and Dutse, Y. U (2012) The Place of Entrepreneurial Education in Technical Education in Nigeria. A Paper presented at a conference of Nigeria Academy of Education 27th Annual conference.
[3]. Balogun, M.D. (2004) Development of Entrepreneurial Potentials for Strategic Advantages: Nigerian Journal of Institute of Management 40 (2,3, x 4) pp 22 – 26.
[4]. Chibuadu, E.E. (2011) Entrepreneurship and Economic Empowerment: Concepts, Attributes, Empowerment and Process. A Paper delivered at Federal Collage of Education (Technical), Akoka, at student Union week.
[5]. Hill, and Welsh H. (1986) Entrepreneurship Behavioufial Intentions and Students Independence Characteristics and Experiences.
[6]. Kenyon, J. (2002) Enterprise – Based Youth Employment Policies, Strategies and Programmes. Draft report to Ilo, Geneva.
[7]. Momoh, G. (2008). Business Education and Entrepreneurship. Bichi Journal of Business Education, Kano.
[8]. Ndububa, E.E. (2009) Introduction to Teachers Guide Paper presented at the in House capacity Building workshop for Academic staff on entrepreneurship education. Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
[9]. Olubadewo, S.O (2010) Global Economic Meltdown: Implications for Nigerian Education. African Journal of Academic Excellence pg. 1-10
[10]. Rae, D. (2008) Using a Life Story in Entrepreneurship Learning, the Development of Conceptual Model and its Implication in the Design learning Experiences, Education and Training. 42 (415), 220 – 227.

Abstract: This paper will analyse the Indian engagement in Afghanistan as soft power since September 11, and its impact on Pakistan. This approach has threatened Pakistan as Pakistan does not want India's stable and peaceful relations with Afghanistan. Pakistan's wants to destabilize Indo-Afghan relations due to her covert relations with afghan's non-state actors. Since 2001, Afghanistan's Foreign Policy towards New Delhi is quite receptive. India has growing stakes in peace and stability in Afghanistan. India's activities in Afghanistan had a geo-strategic flavour though, which not only confine to Afghanistan but travel deep into Central Asia. It is now widely accepted that India's Afghan policy seeks access to energy resources of the region. If India-Pakistan-Afghanistan cooperates by recognizing one another as opportunities not as threat, the level of trust deficit will minimize and a new era of peace will like to see.

Key Words: Soft Power, Geopolitical, Strategic Depth, Asymmetric Strategies.

[1]. Ashok K. Behuria, et al. ―Does India Have a Neighbourhood Policy?‖, Strategic Analysis, 36,(2), 2012, p. 230
[2]. Ibid. p, 229.
[3]. J Alexander Thier, (ed.), ―The Future of Afghanistan‖, (Washington, DC: United State Institute of Peace, 2009), p.2
[4]. Omar Farooq Zain, ―Afghanistan: From Conflict to Conflict‖, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 59, (1), 2006, p.79. [Accessed on 12/04/2013]
[5]. C. Christine Fair, ―India in Afghanistan and Beyond: Opportunities and Constraints‖, (Washington DC: The Century Foundation, 2010), p. 4.
[6]. Shaheen Showkat Dar and Naseer Ahmed Kalis, ―India's Strategic Response to War on Terrorism in Afghanistan: A Strategic Analysis‖, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, Vol.2. (5), May 2013, p. 21.
[7]. Harish V Pant, ―The Afghanistan Conflict: India's Changing Role‖, Middle East Quarterly, Spring, 2011, p 32
[8]. Richard J. Kozicki, ―The Changed World of South Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India after September 11‖, Asia Pacific Perspectives, Vol. 2(2), 2002, p. 8
[9]. Iram Khalid, ―The New Great Game in Afghanistan: Role of India (A Pakistani Perspective)‖ South Asian Studies, Vol. 26 ( 2), 2011, p 244.
[10]. Shanthie Mariet D'Souza, ―India's Aid to Afghanistan: Challenges and Prospects‖ Strategic Analysis, Vol. 31, (5), 2007. p. 833.

Abstract: UN General Assembly convened a conference on the "human environment" at Stockholm in June 1972, which came out with guiding principles on "human environment". It emphasized that man has the fundamental right to live in good environment quality and also that he has a responsibility towards protecting the environment for present and future generations. Sustainable development in urban planning is one of the main focus and also a challenge in today's urban development and growth. It means attaining a balance between environmental protection and human economic development between the present and future needs. However, a debate exists about how to preserve the potential for future generations to enjoy wellbeing and living standards at least at the level experienced by this generation, and whether economic growth is necessary to achieve this. In particular, it has been argued that current economic growth is linked to environmental degradation which left unchecked, would undermine wellbeing and lead to dangerous climate change. There is also a wider debate that seeks to understand how best to measure societal progress, with concerns that economic growth does not on its own adequately capture progress or sustainability. It requires an integration of economic, social and environmental approaches towards development.

[1]. Stephen M. Wheeler ,Planning for sustainability, Contemporary concerns of planning,
[2]. Solihull draft Local Plan, Shaping a sustainable future, Local development framework, pre-submission draft January 2012
[3]. Regional spatial strategy for the West Midlands, Government office for the West Midlands, January 2008
[4]. Green Deal, Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2010
[5]. What Price West Midlands Green Belts?, Campaign to Protect Rural England, June 2007
[6]. The Planning System: General Principles, Office of the deputy Prime Minister, 2005
[7]. Environmental report on the revocation of the Regional Spatial Strategy for the West Midlands, Communities and Local Government, October 2011
[8]. A Summary of Climate Change Risks for the West Midlands, Sustainability West Midlands, 2012
[9]. Environmental Policy and Innovation, Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2004
[10]. Mainstreaming sustainable development, DEFRA, February 2011

Abstract: The UK National Strategic Reference Framework (UKNSRF) (DTI, 2006) provided an overview about regional issues and how Government defined the regional problem and its underlying causes. The approach was in line with that described in A Modern Regional Policy for the United Kingdom (HM Treasury, 2003)1.Since there is a disparity in progress among different regions, there are a number of different ways in which regional development problems can be conceptualized but in its National Strategic Framework the UK Government argued that the less-well off regions were growing too slowly relative to the more prosperous regions. The causes of their relatively poor growth were identified as a lack of relative competitiveness. That means that many regions lack productivity in terms economy and they are not self sustained but depend heavily on public funding.

[1]. Tony Jackson..,(February 2007)Mainstreaming sustainability in Local Economic Development Proactive, Local Economy, Vol.22, No.1, February 2007.
[2]. Birmingham core strategy 2026, A plan for sustainable growth, consultation draft, December 2010
[3]. I. Fernandez, M.C. Ruiz (2009) Descriptive model and evaluation system to locate sustainable industrial areas, Journal of Cleaner Production 17.
[4]. Marco Bontje.,(July2004)Sustainable new economic centers in European Metropolitan Regions: a Stakeholders' perspective, European planning studies, Vol.12, No.5, July 2004,
[5]. Philip R. Berke , Are we planning for sustainable development?, APA Journal, Vol.66, No.1, Winter 2000, Maria Manta Conroy
[6]. Stephen M. Wheeler ,The Evolution of built landscapes in metropolitan regions, Journal of planning education and research, 27; 400; 2008,
[7]. Stephen M. Wheeler ,Planning for sustainability, Contemporary concerns of planning,
[8]. Solihull draft Local Plan, Shaping a sustainable future, Local development framework, pre-submission draft January 2012
[9]. Regional spatial strategy for the West Midlands, Government office for the West Midlands, January 2008
[10]. Green Deal, Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2010

Abstract: Poverty is complex and multi-dimensional in nature. It is reflected in multipledeprivations like inadequate resources required for a minimum livelihood, lack of access to skill development, education & health and other facilities Ravallion, (2004). The marginal farmers, landless labourers and casual worker households are the worst sufferers of these deprivations. The present study is an enquiry in to the real implications of MGNREGA in few a selected districts regarding the attainment of goals viz; economic and social enhancement of beneficiaries, the importance and the timely requirement of the program and to decide the connection of the beneficiaries. Results of the study showed that MGNREGA at village level is success when considering about the social and economic impact of this Wage Employment Programmes. Assessment of the MGNREGA Programme on providing greater employment and income opportunities to rural workers and assets created has been mostly of durable nature. More employment days need to be provided to workers in the Villages. It was also suggested that the stipulated number of days working should not be provided but even then it is found that the incidence of rural poverty in Manipur has not declined.

Keywords: Development, Assessment, MGNREGA, Opportunities, Poverty, livelihood

[1]. Ahluwalia, M.S, Kaushik Basu (ed.), "Oxford Companion to Economics in India", (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007).
[2]. Datta, K.L. Savita Sharma , "Facets of Indian Poverty", (Concept Publishing, New Delhi, 2002).
[3]. Dev, M, Alleviating Poverty and Maharashtra Employment Guarantee Scheme, Economic & Political Weekly, (30), 1995, No.41-42.
[4]. Dev, S. Mahendra, "Pro-poor Growth in India: "What Do We Know About the Employment Effects of Growth", Working paper,(161), 2002, Overseas Development Institute.
[5]. Dev, S. Mahendra,"Eradication of Poverty and Generation of Productive Employment in South India, Paper prepared for the IASSI Regional Seminar on India on Threshold of the New Millennium": The Unfinished Agenda and the New Challenges, Organised at the Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 1999.
[6]. Dreze Jean and Khera, Reetika, The battle for employment guarantee, Frontline, 26 (01), Jan. 03-16.Gaiha, Raghav. (2000). "Do Anti-Poverty Programmes Reach the Rural Poor in India?"Oxford Development Studies, .28( 1), 2009.
[7]. GOI, Ministry of Rural Development : "Editors note: India's five years plans are framed, executed and monitored by the Planning Commission". (Department of Rural Development,2005) .
[8]. GOI, "Report of the Working Group on Rural Poverty Alleviation Programmes for the Tenth Five Year Plan".(New Delhi 2002-2007).
[9]. GOI"Annual administrative report", (Department of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, 2010) . Pp. 12-13.
[10]. Hanumantha Rao, & Linnemann, Hans, "Economic Reforms & Poverty Alleviation In India", (Sage Publications, New Delhi 1996).

Abstract: Residential properties are designed to provide livable environments for people and ought to meet the changing requirements of users. In most cases, the residential users are not satisfied in terms of spaces, (both private homes and public spaces as neighborhoods), facilities and services. Therefore developers and services providers should strife to meet the users need and expectations. The purpose of this project is to examine the satisfaction of the occupants of public residential towers in relation to the outsourced facilities/services. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify outsourced facilities management (FM) services in the case studies, (2) assess the effectiveness of outsourcing as a service delivery approach and (3) assess the level of satisfaction of occupants of FM service delivery. The study adopted questionnaire survey approach to collect qualitative data which were ranked for easy analysis in SPSS using measure of central tendency and frequency distribution. The satisfaction index was calculated to measure the level of satisfaction of the residents. The result shows that outsourcing is best way for FM service delivery as it is cost effective and with efficient services that is acceptable. The satisfaction index also reveals the differences in level of satisfaction. Electricity is of lowest satisfaction due to epileptic supply from national grid but the lifts were provided with standby power generator. An efficient power supply will help in FM service delivery and standardisation is needed in the industry.

Keywords: Facilities Management; Outsource, Residential; User Satisfaction.

[1]. Montgomery, H. and U.S. Johansson, Life Values, their Structure and Relation to Life Conditions. Applied Behavioural Economics 1988. 1: p. 420-437.
[2]. Garling, T. and M. Friman, eds. A Psychological approval to the Study of Residential Chioce and Satisfaction. Residential Environment: Choice, Satisfaction and Behaviour, ed. B.a. Carvey. 2002: London. 55-80.
[3]. Alexander, K., Facilities Management as a Quality Circle. Facilities, 1993. 11(2): p. 25-27.
[4]. Alexander, K., Facilities Management. 1999, London: E&FN, Spon.
[5]. Becker, F., The Total Workplace. 1990, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
[6]. Then, D.S.S., An Integrated Resource Management View of Facilities Management. Facilities, 1999. 17(12/13): p. 462-469.
[7]. Varcoe, B.J., Facilities Performance Measurement. Facilities, 1996. 14(10/11): p. 46-51.
[8]. Nutt, B., Four Competing Futures for Facilities Management. Facilities, 2000. 18(3/4): p. 124-132.
[9]. Tay, L. and J.T.L. Ooi, Facilities Management "A Jack of all Trades". Facilities, 2001. 19(10): p. 357-362.
[10]. Barrett, P., Faciliti

Abstract: The major function religion ought to be playing is the role of fostering unity and promoting peace in the society. This is most especially incumbent on Christians and Muslims who claim same ancestry in the person of Abraham. But the experience of Religion in Nigeria has proved other wise. There have been cases of religious acrimony resulting in destruction of lives and property. The question arising is that can two brothers not live together in peace? This single question has motivated various interest groups to comment on news media; write academic treatise on finding solution to this monstrous episode. This also has inspired the writers to write on this topic, "The fatherhood of Abraham: A Basis for Peaceful Co- existence between Christians and Muslims in Nigeria in order to realize meaningful development, which religious crises disrupt. To realize the objective of this paper the writer adopts, descriptive, historical, analytical and phenomenological methodology. The paper discovers that Christians and Muslims living together in peace justify their claim as children of Abraham; this will also lead to the realization of the ideal function of religion in the society.

[1]. Kaidi H. et. al., (1980) Mecca and Medina Today, London: Preston Pub.

[2]. Harry, M. (1982) Mecca and Medina in Historical Perspective, Tennessee: Convention Press.

[3]. Douglas J. O. (ed), (1962) The New Bible Dictionary Britain: Intervarsity Press, 1962

[4]. Gunkel, H. The Legends Genesis, London: n.p.1901.

[5]. Napier, B.D. (1955) From Faith to Faith, London: Wyclifton, 1955

[6]. Kazer, C.T (1985) Introduction to Old Testament, New York: Newton Publishers.

[7]. Morrison, C. O. (1990) The Bible at a Glance, Nashville: Convention Press.

8]. Henry, B. M. (1984) The Bible Story, New York: Harper &Row..

[9]. Suleiman, T (2008) he Fire This Time", Tell, Dec. 15, 21.

[10]. ------------Jos Worsens Nigeria Security Status, Tell Feb. 1, 2010, 32-33.

Abstract: The article explored the impact of Islamic fundamentalism as typified by Boko Haram on insecurity in Nigeria. Using Huntington's theory of clash of civilizations, the article argued that the rise of Boko Haram with its violent disposition against Western values is a counter response to Western civilization that is fast eclipsing other civilizations. The article notes that the wanton destruction of lives and properties by the Boko Haram sect constitutes a major threat to national security. It recommends that the Nigerian government should as a matter of urgency mobilize the whole panoply of its security architecture to checkmate the activities of Boko Haram. More importantly, the government should explore and intensify efforts at finding a political solution to the problem through dialogue.

Keywords- Boko Haram, Civilization, Fundamentalism, Islam, Insecurity

[1]. K. Marx, A contribution to the critique of Hegel's philosophy of right (Paris: Deutsch-Franosische Jahrbucher, 1844).
[2]. M.D. Makowsky, Emergent extremism in a multi-agent model of religious clubs, available at: Economic Inquiry, doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00262.x, 2009 (Assessed 6th January 2013).
[3]. N.D. Danjibo, Islamic fundamentalism and sectarian violence: the "Maitatsine" and "Boko Haram" crises in Northern Nigeria. (Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, u.d).
[4]. S.U. Fwatshak, Radical Islam in the Lake Chad Basin, 1805-2009: from the Jihad to Boko Haram, in U. Egodi (Ed.), New face of Islam in Eastern Nigeria and the lake Chad Basin: essays in honour of Simon Ottenberg. Essa, (Markurdi-Ibadan-Abuja: Aboko Publishers, 2012) 35-47.
[5]. R. Suberu, and E.O. Eghosa, A history of identities, violence and stability in nigeria, CRISE Working Paper No.6, 2005
[6]. U. E. Iwara, Religious violence in Nigeria: causes and consequences, Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy, 8(2), 2006, 153-157.
[7]. F.C. Onuoha, The state and management of religious violence in Nigeria: a case of the July 2009 Boko Haram revolt, Doctoral seminar, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Ph.D, 2011
[8]. T. Suleiman, The plot to Islamise Nigeria, Tell, 30 November, 2009
[9]. S.P. Huntington, The clash of civilizations, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3, 1993, 22–49
[10]. K. Gowon, Injustice, not poverty caused Boko Haram insurgency, available at: http://pointblanknews.com/pbn/news/injustice-not-poverty-caused-boko-haram-insurgency-gowon/, 2012 (Assessed 25th November, 2012).

Abstract: The study investigates EFL learners' use of coherence relations at three levels of language learning. A corpus of ninety essays was analyzed using rhetorical Structure Theory as a framework. The objective is to investigate the developmental aspect of coherence in the Moroccan EFL learners' writings. The MANOVA results reveal that the learners' proficiency level has a significant effect on their use of coherence relations. The use of cause, interpretation, justifies, condition, solutionhood, elaboration, purpose, evidence and evaluation increases as the learners develop higher level of language proficiency. However, the relations that are referred to as macro-relations and that affect writing quality such as elaboration, evaluation, evidence and sequence are found only in third year college students.This reflects these students' ability to support and elaborate their ideas.Students at lower levels, however, need to develop the ability to use these macro relations, since they are the main contributors to global coherence.

Key words: Coherence, Rhetorical Structure Theory, Writing.

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Abstract: Indigenous knowledge systems are culture specific; they form the basis for a people's livelihood. Children's traditional songs and games are one aspect of Indigenous knowledge systems. Through the songs and games children got to know their environment and acquired life skills among other things. Therefore, this study investigated the existence and performance of traditional children's songs and games among children. The mixed methods approach was adopted in order to come up with an accurate report. The research then found out that the traditional children's songs and games are no longer as popular as they used to be. In fact, it is possible that they are facing extinction. The study also established that this status quo is as a result of quite a number of factors for example formal education and technological advancement among several others. Therefore educationists and other key players are called upon to consider coming up with frame works which help advance Indigenous knowledge

Key words: children, Indigenous knowledge systems, traditional children's songs and games

[1] Cohen, L., Manion, L.& Morrison, K. (2011) Research Methods in Education 7th Edtion, Routledge, 2011.

[2] Dei, G. S. Rethinking the role of Indigenous Knowledges in the Academy The research networkfor New Approaches to lifelong learning. NALL Working Paper # 58, 2002.

[3] Dewes, W. "Introduction‟ in "Traditional knowledge and sustainable development in Davis, S. H. & Ebbe, K. (Eds) Proceedings of a conference held at the Worldbank, Washington D.C. Environmentally sustainable development proceeding series No. 4, 1993.

Abstract: Summary: The African continent is full diverse cultures and beliefs. This study seeks to © to © see default tail, dowry system in my wedding in Africa, as William Oyono-Mbia the default © wrote in his novel titled Three pre © © tendantsâ | a husband. This uncovers lâimportance the dot as quâaspect cultural marriage in Africa and its abuse. This work can then dâexaminer way of criticism re the problems lifted © s with respect to the rites of this cultural aspect vis-a-vis marriage in Africa.

[1]. Onyemelukwe, Ifeoma, « Mariage ce mineures, bourreaux des jeunes filles africaines dans
[2]. Chaque chose en son temps de Lynn Mbuko », Ife Journal of Foreign Langues (IJOFOL) ,5 (2003) : 88-98
[3]. Henri, Solus, « Le problème de la dot en Afrique noire », Revue Juridique et Politique de
[4]. l'Union, 1959.
[5]. Guillaume Oyono-Mbia, Trois prétendants… un mari, Yaoundé : Clé, 1962.
[6]. Kourouma, Ahmadou, Les soleils des indépendances, Paris : Seuil, 1968.

Abstract: This paper general overview is on open and distance education and Information service available to students in open and distance education. The researchers discussed current issues on information service in support of open and distance education, importance and types of information services support for distance education programmes, technologies used in delivery information services in open and distance education, importance of ICT In distance education, concepts of distance education in Nigeria, value of social media (networking) in delivering information service to distance learners and as well as challenges of open and distance education in Nigeria.

Key Words: Open and Distance education, ICTs, Social media (networking),

[1]. Aina, L. 0 (2008) Library and information services support for distance education programme in African universities: proposals for future development Nigeria libraries vol. (4) no 11 ppl-11.
[2]. Adomi, E.E. ( 2009) Library and information resources . Benin city: Ethiope publishing corporation,
[3]. Efanga, S.I and Eno, E.E. (2007) Prospects and problems of information and communication technology in distance education in Nigeria. Nigeria library link. A journal of library and information. Vol (5) No.2 pp23-30
[4]. Developing library and information services for distance education (n.d) retrieved 31st December, 2011. available at http//www.ignou.coc.
[5]. Distance education (2010) retrieved 15th of January 2012 at http://www. Wikipedia.com.
[6]. Gajaraj, Dhanarajan (2000) Open and Distance education: an overview of education tony Vol. (8) No.3 A quarterly journal of the federal ministry of education.
[7]. Johnson, O.A. (2006) Distance learning in the Digital age: the role of the National Library. Nigerbiblios Vol(7) No. 1 and 2 pp49-59.
[8]. Nwachuku, P.O. ; Adrew, E. U. Anthony, G.O (2001) ICT and distance education in Nigeria: A review of literature and accounts. COL international for the World Bank. Online Publication.
[9]. Nwakaohu, C.I. (2008) The role of information service in public libraries in a democratic culture. Being a paper presented at the annual conference and AGM of the Nigerian Library Association in Port- Harcourt Journal of NLA pp 69-73
[10]. Reference and user service Association RUSA (2000) Guidelines for information services. Retrieved 6th November, 2011 at http: //www. Ala.org/guilinesmgrps/divs/rusa/resources/guidelines/guidlinesinformation.cfm

Abstract: This Paper presents a study on the role of journals in the development of Assamese literature in the British period ( 1826-1947). This period will include the Orunodoi era and the Jonaki era of Assamese literature named after two important journals Orunodoi and Jonaki of that period.

[1]. Baruah Birinchi Kumar (1978), "History of Assamese Literature" New Delhi, Sahitya Akademi
[2]. Baruah Hem (1965), "Assamese Literature", New Delhi, NBT
[3]. Bhuyan Surya Kumar (1956) "Studies in the Literature of Assam" Guwahati, Lawyers Books Stall.
[4]. Kakati Banikanta (1962), "Assamese: Its Formation and Developmet", Guwahati, Lawyers Books Stall