IOSR-JHSS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-3 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Abstract: The study examined the relationship between stress and alcohol use among college students in Botswana. A total sample of 221 undergraduate students (n113 males and n108 females) was drawn from Molepolole College of Education. All the three years of study were represented as follows: 100 (45%) freshmen, 41 (18.6%) second and 80 (36.2%) third and final year of study. A total of 129 (58.4%) participants reported using alcohol. T-tests and anova analyses showed that more males (78, 60.5%) than females (51, 39.5%) reported using alcohol. Multiple regression analysis revealed that there was no relationship between high stress levels and harmful alcohol use. However, the analyses indicated that students who engaged in alcohol consumption were also more likely to engage in more maladaptive coping styles.

Keywords: Molepolole, alcohol, college students, harmful drinking, stress.

[1] Alao, A. A., Forcheh, N., Roy, H. & Tidimane, C. (2004). Alcohol use and abuse at the University of Botswana Campus.
Unpublished study conducted on behalf of the University of Botswana and funded by Institute of Research. Gaborone: Botswana.
[2] Armeli, S., Carney, M. A., O'Neil, T. P., Tennen, H. & Affleck, G. (2000). Stress and alcohol use: A daily process examination of
the stressor-vulnerability model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78 (5), 979-994.
[3] Babor, T. F., Higgins-Biddle, J. C., Saunders, J. B. & Monteiro, M. G. (2001). The Alcohol Use disorders Identification Test (2nd
ed.). World Health Organization.
[4] Britton, P. C. (2004). The relation of coping strategies to alcohol consumption and alcohol -related consequences in a college sample.
Addiction Research andTheory, 12 (2), 103-114.
[5] Carney, M. A., Armeli, S., Tennen, H., Affleck, G. & O'Neil, T. P. (2000).
[6] Positive and negative daily events, perceived stress, and alcohol use: Adiary study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68

(5),788-798.
[7] Craig, R. J. (2004). Counseling the alcohol and drug dependent client: A practical approach. NY: Pearson Education Inc.
[8] Dunn, M. S. & Wang, M. Q. (2003). Effects of physical activity on substance sue among college students. American Journal of
Health, 18 (2/3), 126-132.
[9] Ford, J. A. (2007). Alcohol use among college students: A comparison of athletes and nonathletes. Substance Use and Misuse, 42,
1367- 1377.
[10] Haberman, S. E. (2001). A survey of alcohol and other drug use practices among college students. Journal of Alcohol and Drug
Education, 39 (2), 85-100.
[10] Marx, K. (1977). Das Kapital, Vol. 1 ch. Vii, sec. 1, London: Lawrence & Wishert.

Abstract: Open sources Journals plays very important role in the Libraries. "Open Access" is very essential for library and information science professionals to provide information resources to their users without any fees. Open-access journals are scholarly journals that are available online to the reader "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself." Some are subsidized, and some require payment on behalf of the author. The open access journals has some advantages, the study has list of open access journals also.

Keywords: Open Access Journals, Open source Journals debate, List of Open source Journals, Pros and Cons, advantages.

[1] Open Access Overview
[2] Budapest Open Access Initiative
[3] Suber, Peter (November 2, 2006). "No-fee open-access journals". SPARC Open Access Newsletter.
[4] Partnership for Research Integrity in Science and Medicine (article on Sourcewatch about an anti-open-access lobbying organization)
[5] Antelman, K. (2004). "Do open-access articles have a greater research impact?". College & Research Libraries News 65 (5): 372–
382.
[6] Vogel, G. Quandary: Scientists Prefer Reading Over Publishing 'Open Access' Papers. Science Online January 14, 2011.
[7] Raghavendra Gadagkar, Open-access more harm than good in developing world, Nature 453 (2008) 450. doi:10.1038/453450c
[8] DCL news editorial, Scientific literature: Who should pay – author or subscriber?
[9] [1] PRISM
[10] Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles

Abstract: The study investigated the effects of mathemagenic activities on students' learning in Chemistry instructions in senior secondary schools in Akoko South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design of the pre-test and post-test control groups. Two hundred and seventy senior secondary class 11 Chemistry students constituted the sample. One hypothesis was generated for the study and tested using Analysis of Covariance, Multiple Classification Analysis of Variance, and Scheffee's Post-Hoc Test of Multiple Comparison statistics were employed in analyzing the data at 0.05 level of the significance. The results showed that mathemagenic activities enhanced better performance on students' learning tasks, encourage and generate their interest towards the learning of Chemistry. Chemistry teachers should consciously enhance their instructional process by incorporating relevant mathemagenic activities into their teaching.

Key Words: Activities, Chemistry, Effect, Mathemagenic, Learning.

[1] Science Teachers' Association of Nigeria, Nigeria integrated science project Ibadan Heihemann, Educational Books ,1971.
[2] Comparative Education Study and Adaptation Centre, Nigeria secondary school science project, London; William Clowes & Sons
Limited 1972.
[3] A.S.Azumi, Interactive approach to effective teaching of practical Chemistry. Journal of science Teacher' Association of Nigeria. 32,
(2), 2008,16-20.
[4] H.O,Akalonu, S.S.Dachung, and H.I Yero, Difficult concepts in practical chemistry. A Handout of the Chemistry Panel of Science
Teachers' Association of Nigeria, 2006, 17-20.
[5] J.S.Mari, Effective teaching strategies to enhance meaningful learning of mole concept, Procedure of Science Teachers' Association
of Nigeria: National Chemistry Panel Workshop, Ibadan, 2008.
[6] T. Orimogunje, What mathemagenic activity means: A cognitive path ways in learning chemistry , Journal of International
Education Research, Littleton CO80162.U.S.A.8(3), 2012, 207-214
[7] E.Z.Rothkopf, An immodest proposal: Pedagogic information supports for teachers Department of Human development, Teachers
college, Columbia University, New York, 2009.
[8] E.Z Rothkopf, The concept of mathemagenic activities: Review of Educational Research. New York: Colombia University, Teachers'
College press,(40),1970, 325-336.
[9] R.M. Gagne, The condition of learning and the sensory of instruction, (4th.ed) New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winson ,1985,147-181.
[10] E.Z.Rothkopf, Adjunct aids and the control of mathemagenic activities during purposeful reading. New York. Academic Press, 1982.

Abstract: Islamic Inheritance is observed to be an aspect of the Islamic teachings which Muslims in Nigeria particularly in the South West find extremely difficult to operate. This is not because they do not believe in the principle but because the attendant customs and cultural practices have great influence on the inheritance practices of the people.The crisis and atrocities which the customary law of inheritance has unleashed on the people in the area are enormous. This ranges from forceful denial of rightful owners to their people's property e.g. son's denial of inheritance to his parent's property, wife's denial of inheritance to her husband's property or vice versa as the case may be. Further atrocities perpetrated on the struggle for inheritance include deliberate killings of legal heirs, maiming and total destruction of life and property to mention a few. The nonoperation of Islamic inheritance among the Muslims in the area is a kind of deficiency in line with the Quranic verse that says, 'will you believe in some parts of the Quran and show disbelieve to the others?' Adopting islamic inheritance as a means of practically following Allah's injuction is justified in this paper.

Keywords. Islamic inheritance, family financial stability.

[1] Abdul Hamid Siddiqui, Inheritance in Islam, (IslamOnline.net-Shariah and Humanity 2005).
[2] A. H. Siddiqui, The System of Inheritance in Islam ( www.reading islam.com 2007) assessed 02/10/2013.
[3] Y. Sodiq, An Analysis of Yoruba and Islamic Laws of Inheritance, (Muslim World Hartford, Conn. 1996) v86, p313-33 JI/ o '96.
(aiu Library).
[4] Islamic Inheritance Jurisprudence. (Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia 2013).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence assessed 09/02/2013/
[5] S. Sapp, Religious Views on Legacy and Intergenerational Transfers, Generations, (San Francisco, Calif. 1996) v20 p31-6 Fall '96.
(aiu library).
[6] Inheritance Critical Thoughts, Inheritance in Islam, (Madrasah Arabia Islamia-Azaadville 2009),
www.islamsa.org.za/library/pamphlets/inheritance-in-islam.htm assessed 25/01/2013.
[7] Muhammad The Prophet of Islam- The System of Inheritance in Islam, (Position Paper on Islamic Inheritance 2009)
www.islamicity.com
[8] Y. Sodiq, An Analysis of Yoruba and Islamic Laws of Inheritance, (Muslim World Hartford, Conn. 1996) v86, p313-33 JI/ o '96.
(aiu Library).
[9] Islam's Viewpoint on Wills, Bequests and Inheritance, (Wikipedia, the free enciclopedia 2013)..
[10] M. A.Rauf, Inheritance in Islam, (Al- Saadawi Publications 1999).V.A.

Abstract: The study investigates a group of Malay students who study Malay, Chinese and English languages at eight vernacular (Chinese) schools in a state of Malaysia. The focus of the study is to examine the process of the students acquire the second and third languages (Mandarin and English) and at the same time they struggle to master their mother tongue or their first language, Malay. Most importantly, the study seeks the dominant personality traits of the students and tries to find the relationships between personality traits and multilingualism. Interviews with the students and teachers and also class observation have helped the researcher to understand the challenges faced by the students. The study reveals some findings which closely related to sociolinguistics aspects which show that the students have to sacrifice their first language in order to master the target languages which are Mandarin and also English. They have a strong belief that although they have sacrificed a lot of time and effort in mastering the target language, they try their best to uphold their personality traits and self-identity. Word count: 150 words

Keyword: personality traits, Malay, Mandarin, Vernacular school, Chinese, Self-identity and Multilingualism

[1] Bennett, C.I. (1999). Comprehensive multicultural education: Theory and practice (4th Ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
[2] Bialystock, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. New York, Cambridge University Press.
[3] Carrol, W, David (2007). Psychology of language. Fifth edition. International Student edition. Thompson Wadsworth.
[4] Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. (2004). Perspectives on Personality. (pp. 156-160).
[5] Crawford, J. (1999). Bilingual education: History, politics, theory, and practice. Los Angeles: Bilingual Educational Services.
[6] Cummins, J. (2001a). Instructional conditions for trilingual development. International Journal of Bilingual Education and
Bilingualism, 4 (1), 61-75.
[7] Cummins, J. (2001b). Language, power, and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Philadelphia: Multilingual Press.
[8] Curtain, Helena & Carol Ann Dahlberg (2004).Languages and Children: Making the Match: New Languages for Young Learners,
Grades K-8 [3rd Ed.] New York: Longman.
[9] Dumas, Lynne S. (1999). Learning a second language: Exposing your child to a new world of words boosts her brainpower,
vocabulary and self-esteem. Child: 72, 74, 76-7.
[10] Eysenck, H. J. (1967). The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield: Thomas.

Abstract: Historical researches had come into view in Bengal as well as India with the foundation of British rule, particularly, after the establishment of Asiatic society. Some British individuals like Wilkins, Buchanan and Cunningham too had involved themselves in this regard. Yet, due to paucity of time, none of them succeeded, either to make an uninterrupted exploration extensively, or to reconstruct the accurate history of Bengal, particularly of Ancient Bengal. Moreover the British scholars, from their biased and motivated outlook had painted bleak images of Indian rulers. On the other hand, at that time, the Bengalees were quite unaware of it. Actually, there was absence of an ambiance of historical cultural in the truest sense. Additionally there was the deficiency of written history, particularly of ancient period of Bengal. Consequently, the task of inculcating the ancient history of Bengal was much complicated one. Due to all these, thinkers like Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and Rabindranath Tagore even during the eighties of the nineteenth century had to lament and crave for the history of Bengal vis-à-vis Bengalees. Their grievances and appeal, however, finally had stirred the intellectuals of Rajsahi, like Akshaya Kumar Maitra, Sarat Kumar Ray and Ramaprasad Chanda who set up a research institution called Varendra Research Society to reconstruct the accurate history of Bengal.

Keywords–Aitihashik Chitra, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee & Rabindranath Tagore, Gaudarajamala, Varendra.

[1] Chanda, Ramaprasad, Gaudarajamala, Varendra Research society, Rajsahi, 1912, see Upakramnika (Forward) by A. K. Maitra; see
also Annual Report for the years 1925-16, 1926-27, 1935-36 & 1949.
[2] Maitra, A. K., Uttarbangyer Puratatva Sangraha in Uttarbangyer Puratatva: Sankhipta Itihash, Akshaya Kumar Maitra Museum,
University of North Bengal, 2005, p. 7
[3] Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra, Banglar Itihash Sammondhe Koekti Katha, in Bankim Rachnaballee, edited by Yogesh Chandra Bagol,
Calcutta, Sahitya Samsad, Part-II, 1401 B.S., p.291.
[4] Chaudhury, Saifuddin & Islam, Tasikul, Rajsahi Pratibha, Rajsahi Association, Rajsahi, 2000, p.18
[5] Ibid, see also Sahitya, 7th year, No-1100, 1303 B.S., p.653
[6] Chanda, Ramaprasad, Itihashe Bangalee, K.P. Bagchi & Company, Calcutta, 1981, Republished, 1997, p.46.
[7] Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra, Op.cit.
[8] The region is now called Varendra –occupied form of the old name Varendri which lays on the north of the Ganges, in the colonial
division of Rajsahi, between two rivers- the Mhananda on the West and the karotoya on the East.
[9] Ray, Sarat Kumar, Presidential Address, 1319 B.S.
[10] Aitihashik Chitra, Rabindra Rachanabali, part-V, p.599

Abstract: Kipling is one of the most enthralling authors coming out of the colonial discourse simply because he was born in India and was yet a White man, a Sahib. For him, India was a land of many wonders, often bordering on the exotic and the mysterious; even the everyday existence in India to him was a case of enthralling encounters. Kipling's Kim is a unique novel, as its interpretations of 'India' are from the perspective of the colonial master, and the resultant cultural encounter problematizes the very identity politics of the Other. There is not only a tendency to stereotype the Other, there is a subtle undertone of sentimentality about the 'land of spirituality' that seems to overtly dismiss the fact that India has any potentiality to grow into an industrial urbanised country. This paper proposes to look at the aspects of identity politics and how it disengages itself with the ground reality as the narrative travels across the mighty heartland of the subcontinent and seeks to find out, what it is to be a colonial subject in a nation where various traditions and practices intersect to create a complex web of culture.

Keywords: functionality, hyperreal, nationhood, normatively, off centre, sub-altern

[1] Millar, J.H. Kim. New York: W.W Norton & Company, Inc, 2002. Print.
[2] Kipling Rudyard. Letters 4 vols,ed by Thomas Pinney. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1990-1999, vol.1, 127. Print.
[3] Kipling Rudyard. Kim New York: W.W Norton & Company, Inc, 2002. Print.
[4] Allen, Charles. "Ruddy‟s Search for God: the Young Kipling and Religion" The Kipling Journal 32 (June 2009): 23-37. Print.
[5] Chakrabarty, Dipesh. "Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for "Indian" Pasts?" Representations 37(Winter), 1992. Print.
[6] Ghosh, Amitav. Imam and the Indian New Delhi: Ravi Dayal, 2002. Print.
[7] Kipling Rudyard. "Letters". In Kim New York: W.W Norton & Company, Inc, 2002. Print.
[8] Said, Edward.Culture in orientalism 1978.New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2005. Print.
[9] Sullivan, Zohreh.T. "What Happens at the End of Kim?" In Kim. New York: W.W Norton & Company, Inc, 2002. Print.
[10] Foucault, Michel. What is an Author?Trans. Joseph V. Harari.New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2005. Print.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to record, transcribe and analyse the language used in three different conversations on (a) an event where advice is sought in an academic setting, (b) a situation where two friends talk sharing some common troubles, and (c) a situation where compliments are given by children and elders. That is, to identify the utterances containing the functions, where the utterances containing the mentioned functions appear in the conversations, whether there are any devices used to give face to the interlocutor, identify the components of conversations and how the conversations differ from one another. The findings make the reseearcher think that if teacheres are capable of analysing conversations, they will the able to understand the nooks and crannies of the learners' interactive talks and thus the understanding and relationships amonng teachers and students which will lead to better teaching and better learning.

Key words: conversation analysis, speech acts, speech events, compliments, advice

[1] Sacks, Harvey, Schegloff, Emanuel A., & Jefferson, Gail. A simplest systematic for the organization of turn-taking forconversation.
Language, 50, 1974, 696-735.
[2] Schegloff, Emanuel A. Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis,Volume 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007
[3] Kelly, John and John Local. Doing phonology: observing, recording, interpreting. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989
[4] Austin, John Langshaw. How to do things in Words. Cambridge (Massachusetts): Harvard University Press, 1962.
[5] Richards et al. Longman dictionary of applied linguistics. Essex, England: Longman, 1985
[6] Holmes, Janet. "Compliments and Compliment Responses in New Zealand English." Anthropological Linguistics 28.4 (1986):
485-508.
[7] Levinson, Stephen C. .Pragmatics. Cambridge, Cambridge University, 1983
[8] Hatch, Evelyn. Discourse and language education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org./wiki/Locutionary_act (29/7/2012)
[10] http://www.helium.com/items/952751 (29/7/2012)

Abstract: This study explores the impact of social environment on perceptions of mental illness in Ethiopia. Specifically, urban and rural Ethiopians' attitudes, beliefs and practices associated with the symptoms, causes and treatment of mental illness were compared. One hundred and fifteen participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to explore their perceptions of depression, anxiety and psychosis. Qualitative analysis of the interview responses indicated a number of similarities, as well as important differences in urban and rural beliefs about the recognition and etiology of mental illness. Responses were categorized as focusing on spiritual, psycho-cultural or socio-economic explanations of mental illness. Rural residents emphasized spiritual and socio-economic indicators of mental illness, while urban residents highlighted culturally inappropriate and disruptive behaviors as signs of mental illness. Both groups overwhelmingly indicated modern psychiatric treatment was the best option to treat mental illness. However, rural residents were more likely to endorse traditional treatment and urban residents were more likely to cite a combination of modern and traditional treatment. Implications for clinical assessment and policy planning are discussed.

Keywords: Africa, Ethiopia, Mental Illness, Perceptions, Rural, Urban

[1] Alem, A., Jacobsson, L., Araya, M., Kebede, D., & Kullgren, G. (1999). How are mental disorders seen and where is help sought in
a rural Ethiopian community? Acta Psychiatria Scandinavia, 100:40-47.
[2] Almeida-Filho, N., Mari, J., & Coutinho, E. (1995). Rural urban migration and mental health in Latin America: The debate
continues. In: Urbanization and mental health in developing countries, eds. T. Harpham & I. Blue, pp. 41-61. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate.
[3] Awas,M., Kebede, D. & Alem, A. (1999). Major mental disorders in Butajira, southern Ethiopia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Supplementum, 397, 56-64.
[4] Beiser, M. & Collomb, H. (1981). Mastering change: Epidemiological and case studies in Senegal, West Africa. American Journal
of Psychiatry, 138 (4): 455-459.
[5] Blue, I., Ducci, M., Jaswal, J., Ludermir, A. & Harpham, T. (1995). The mental health of low-income urban women: Case studies
from Bombay, India; Olinda, Brazil; and Santiago, Chile. In: Urbanization and Mental Health in Developing Countries, eds. T.
Harpham & I. Blue, pp. 75-102. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate.
[6] Bouhlel S, Ben Haouala S, Klibi A, Ghaouar M, Chennoufi L, Melki W, El-Hechmi Z.(2012). Assessing beliefs and attitudes of
relatives of patients with schizophrenia: A study in a Tunisian sample.]. Encephale. 2012 Jul 12. pii: S0013-7006(12)00106-6. doi:
10.1016/j.encep.2012.06.012. [Epub ahead of print]
[7] Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). The World Factbook - Ethiopia. Retrieved February 15, 2013 from
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html
[8] Cheng, A., Soong, W., Chong, M., & Lin, T. (1995). Urbanization, psychosocial stress, and mental illness in Taiwan. In:
Urbanization and Mental Health in Developing Countries, eds. T. Harpham & I. Blue, pp. 61-72. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate.
[9] Cohen, B. (2006). Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability.
Technology in Society, 28:63-80.
[10] Homma, M. (1991). A Japanese perspective on crowding: How well have the Japanese adjusted to high density? Psychologia: An
International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 33:128-137.

Abstract: Beaucoup d'entre nous pensent que la lecture est un fait simple, un processus passif qui inclut la lecture des mots et la compréhension du sens de ces mots. La lecture n'est pas un processus simple comme nous le prenons, car elle demande une participation active de la part du lecteur. Dans cet article, nous étudions le problème de la lecture chez les apprenants yoroubaphones du français au Nigéria. Nous sommes d'avis que l'articulation, l'intonation et le style jouent de rôles importants dans la lecture d'un texte écrit en français. À la fin de cette rencontre, nous avons proposé des techniques à prendre en compte pour rendre plus intéressant l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de la lecture en français au Nigéria en général et surtout chez les locuteurs d'origine yorouba.

Mot-clé : apprenants yoroubaphones, la lecture, phonostylistique, texte en français

[1] Jimoh, Y. A. A. Phonologie Comparée du français et du yoruba: implications pour l‟enseignement et l‟apprentissage du français .,
Thèse de doctorat non publiée, Département de Français, Faculté des Lettres, Université d‟Ilorin, Nigéria, 2007, 8.
[2] Braille www.wikipédia.fr/lecture consulté le 20/10/09
Article dans un magazine
[3] Falcoz-Vigne «Texte Littéraire et activité de Lecture: Cadre Théorique» dans Le Français dans le Monde, Paris, no. 292 octobre
[4] 1997, 1987, p. 18.
[5] Smith, F. Reading Without Nonsense. Portmouth: Heinemann, 1997.
[6] Bühler, K. Principes de phonologie. Paris: Klincksieck, 1934.
[7] Ladefoged, P. A Course in Phonetics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 1982.
[8] Fonagy, I. La vive voix. Essais de psycho- phonétique. Paris: Payot, 1983.
[9] Ogunola, V.K. L‟enseignement de la lecture dans l‟apprentissage du français langue étrangère: Approche pédagogique" in Journal
of Inter-College Association of French Teachers in Nigéria, Ibadan, Vol 5, No 1, 2003, pp. 214-229.
[10] Oloruntoba-Oju , Sociolinguistics: An Overview in Adegbija E. (ed.) The English Language and Literature in English. Ilorin, The
Department of Modern European Languages, 1998, pp 146-158.

Abstract: This paper gives a review of two theses - Dr. Mike Gosling's 'The Emotional Intelligence of Managers in Singapore' and Dr. Amber Farooq's 'Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Academic Performance'. It briefly discusses the ideas of the researchers as put forth by them and then gives the reader's observations. The theses have been selected on the basis of emphasizing the fact that emotional intelligence (EI) is important not only in the workplace but also in academics, thus highlighting the significance of EI in every field. This review further helps research scholars working on emotional intelligence, as it guides them on the do's and don'ts in writing a good research paper.

Key Words: Emotional Intelligence; Review;

[1] Amber, Farooq. Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Academic Performance. Diss. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
<http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Thesis/889.pdf
[2] Gosling, Michael. Measuring emotional intelligence of managers in Singapore and the
[3] application of emotional intelligence for individual and organisation effectiveness.
[4] An exploratory study. Diss. Web. 28 Feb. 2011. <http://www.goslings.net/pdf/Dr_Mike_Gosling_Doctoral_Thesis_2006.pdf
[5] Mayer, J.D., & Caruso, D. (2002). The effective leader: Understanding and applying
[6] emotional intelligence. Ivey Management Services.
[7] MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd. 2009. Print.