IOSR-JHSS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-Jun-2013

Abstract: The tribals of India constitute about 8.2% of the total population. Even though, tribals are not perceived as untouchable 'lower caste Hindu' population by the mainstream upper-caste Hindus, they are marginalized and considered as backward and primitive 'jati' or caste with a pariah status (Mitra, 2008). This perception however, did not help the tribals. Whereas, lower caste Hindus enjoyed minimal opportunities to integrate with mainstream society and to share few common custom and traditions, the tribals have been excluded and isolated from the mainstream society (Mitra, 2008). The Koragas are one of the primitive tribes perhaps the poorest among the scheduled tribes in Karnataka and Kerala faced serious problems such as povertyillhealth ,malnutrition, morbidity leading to mortality together with deforestation, exploitation result in depopulation of the particular primitive tribe.

Keywords –Ajal,Bhuta worship,Demons- holy,Koragas, Primitive Tribes,

[1] Brockett, Oscar and Ball, Robert. The Essential Theatre. Wadsworth: Canada. 2004.
[2] Caltagirone, Dennis. Theatre Arts: The Dynamics of Acting. NTC Publishing Group; Chicago. 1997.
[3] Giannetti, Louis. Understanding Movies. Simon & Schuster: New Jersey. 1996
[4] Isbell, Tom. Lessons: The craft of Acting. Meriwether Publishing: Colorado. 2006
[5] Johnson, Effiong (ed.). The Art of Acting: A Student Friendly Anthology. Concept Publications: Lagos. 2005.
[6] --------------------------- Acting: the myths, the reality In Effiong Johnson (ed.) The Art of Acting: A Student Friendly Anthology. Concept publications: Lagos. Pp 13-34. 2005.
[7] Mamer, Bruce. Film Production Technique: Creating the Accomplished Image. Wadsworth: Toronto. 2003.
[8] Sabatine, Jean. Movement Training for the Stage and Screen: The Organic Connection between Mind, Spirit and Body. Backstage Books: New York. 1995
[9] Tornqvist, Egil. Between Stage and Screen: Ingmar Bergman Directs. Amsterdam University Press: Amsterdam. 1995.

Abstract: The traditional values of getting a good job in a reputed organization being loyal to their staff, being loyal to their organization and of long term Company Staff with a single Company Staff are all going the way of the do-do bird. This is not a result of a degenerating of standards or social values; it is a response to a natural evolution in the market place. In the past we thought institution could be handled scientifically according to the Newtonian physics notions of cause and effect. Current trend say that institutions are best viewed as natural systems, which need to change in response to both the environment and the changing, makeup of the system involved.This is easy to say it is not easy to do. The vast majority of people still believe that a job-based society is the norm and science this is the only system they know their values reflect this belief. A Major task for corporations and governments over the next few decades will be one of moving people and their values into the more organically organized work place. Where jobs exist they will rarely have a standard job description or a fixed place in an institution chart. People will move within and among institution to the places they are needed and where their interests lie. When more people are needed, they will be brought into the system in any number of ways. When people are not needed, they will move out of the institution. The concept of job security of a thing will be the past.Everyone has experienced that how job services of librarian particularly in educational institution has eroded over the past few years. Hence the researcher is interested in studying how institutional climate ensure job security and build good morality among librarian in the work place Organization.

Keywords:Organizational Climate – Tancem – Perception – financial and Economic factors – Motivational factors such as savings, debt..

[1] DAVIS.K, Human Behavior at Work, Tata McGraw, New Delhi, 1975
[2] AGRWAL. R D, Dynamics of personnel management in India, Tata MC Graw Hill, New Delhi, 2000.
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[5] FRED LUTTHANS, Organizational Behavior, Tata Mc Graw Hill New Delhi. 4th Edition, 2002.
[6] MEMORIA. C.B, Personnel Management, Himalaya Publishing House Bombay, 2000.
[7] PETER F DRUCKER, Managing for results, Allied Publishers, Bombay, 2001.

Abstract: Land use and land cover change have been among the most important perceptible changes taking place around us. Although the magnitude, variety and spatial heterogeneity of changes taking place have made the quantification and assessment of land use and land cover changes a challenge to scientists [1]. Information on land use/land cover in the form of maps and statistical data is very important for spatial planning, management and utilization of land. With the changing times and increasing demand on the availability of information on land use/land cover, it becomes necessary to have a standard classification system, precise definition on land use/land cover and its categories, uniform procedures of data collection and mapping on different scales over Indian region [2]. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are the essential tools in assessing and analyzing land use/land cover changes. These tools also provide the synoptic information on land use/land cover, mapping of land use spatial distribution and the detection of changes by means of multi-temporal analysis. This article seeks to examine the distribution of different land use/land cover categories and their changes occurring from 1970-1971 to 2010-2011, trend in land use/land cover changes in Binpur-II block, Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal (Fig. 1). The importance of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in mapping the change detection has also highlighted.

Key Words: Change detection, Land cover, Land use, Remote Sensing and GIS, Trend in land use/land cover changes.

[1] P.S. Roy, and A. Roy, Land use and land cover change in India: A Remote Sensing and GIS perspective, Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 90 (4), 2010, 489-502.

[2] P.S. Roy, and A. Giriraj, Land use and land cover analysis in Indian context, Journal of Applied Science, 8 (8) 2008, 1346-1353.

[3] H. Briassoulis, Analysis of Land Use Change: Theoretical and Modeling approach, The web book of Regional Science, Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University, USA, 1999

[4] T.M. Lillesand, and R. Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 5 (John Wiley, Inc, New York, 1993).

[5] E. Boayke, S.N. Odai, , K.A. Adjei, and F.O. Annor, Landsat Images for Assessment of the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on the Barekese Catchment in Ghana, European Journal of Scientific Research, 22 (2), 2008, 269-278.

[6] A.B. Miller, E.S. Bryant, and R.W. Birnie, An analysis of land cover changes in the Northern forest of New England using multi-temporal LANDSAT-MSS data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19 (2), 1998, 113-130.

[7] B.L.II. Turner, D.L. Skole, S. Sanderson, G. Fischer, L. Fresco, and R. Leemans, Land Use and Land Cover Change, Science/Research Plan, IGBP Report No. 35, HDP Report No. 7, IGBP and HDP, Stockholm and Geneva,1995.

[8] W.B. Meyer, and B.L.II. Turner, Land use/ Land cover change: Challenges for geographers, Geo-journal, 39 (3), 1996, 237-240.

[9] S.C. Moser, A Partial Instructional Module on Global and Regional Land Use/Land Cover Change: Assessing the Data and Searching for General Relationships, Geojournal, 39 (3), 1996, 241-283.

[10] D.L. Skole, Data on Global Land-Cover Change: Acquisition, Assessment and Analysis, in W.B. Meyer, and B.L.II. Turner (Eds.), Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective, (Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1994) 437-47

Abstract: In this postcolonial progress-philic age, "progress" in India (and in many other parts of the world) has come to acquire a special meaning which invokes increased marginalization of the already marginalised sections of society, realised through well-orchestrated acts of displacement, insufficient rehabilitation and relentless brutalization of rivers, forests, hills and its indigenous inhabitants. However, all this is done in the name of the "greater common good" with the professed intention of benefitting the entire nation in general and, the poor and the vulnerable in particular. However, in practice, such developmental drives have shown a completely different face proving grossly "ecocidal" and enormously destructive to indigent humans. Development projects of this nature, which include big dams and aggressive mining industries, have brought unforeseen miseries of unimaginable magnitude to the poor tribal populations and the dalits who are systematically disenfranchised, uprooted, displaced and just left to die. These subaltern social groups which invariably have to bear the brunt of the state-sponsored developmental discourse -concretized in behemoth-like projects- have largely disappeared into the irredeemable anonymity of history. Arundhati Roy, in a series of cerebral and polemical essays, has not confined herself to a cosmetic exploration of their plight. She has endeavoured to move beyond the sketchy generalities, the schematic formulations and has tried to reclaim the largely encroached space of these subaltern groups who are hardly heard and even less understood. In this paper I try to show how in the post-developmental (or, anti-developmental) mode, Roy contests and denudes the largely misleading state-backed development discourse, bolstered and seconded by a highly motivated corporate-sponsored cornucopian narrative.

Keywords: Big Dam, Displacement, Maoist Insurgency Mining, Post-Development (or, Anti-Development) Theory, Progress, Subaltern, Tribal Population

1] Ashis Nandy, The romance of the state and the fate of dissent in the tropics (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2003), 159.

[2] Arundhati Roy, The greater common good, in The algebra of infinite justice (Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2002), 56.

[3] ibid, 56-57

[4] ibid, 58

[5] ibid

[6] Partha Chatterjee, Lineages of political society: studies in postcolonial democracy (Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2011), 243.

[7] Ashis Nandy, The romance of the state and the fate of dissent in the tropics (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2003), 159.

[8] Arundhati Roy, The greater common good, in The algebra of infinite justice (Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2002), 59.

[9] Arundhati Roy, The shape of the beast (Viking, New Delhi, 2008), 45. [10] ibid, 44.

Abstract: Political parties are mere agents of the people through which the people can organize themselves. They therefore play the function of providing an organizational vehicle for the people. And because, as we pointed out in "Reflections on the three institutions of organized society, Law and government that man chose to move out of solitude in to a life of organized society as a means of enabling him to properly manage the resources and share them equitably, political parties as a vehicle through which the people can organize themselves must be viewed from this perspective of good governance.

Keywords: Institution, good governance, democracy, accountability, consensus, politics, election

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Abstract: Notions of functionality of thematic maps that were built around Robinson's seminal work 'The Look of Maps' were later redefined to include questions of efficiency and effectiveness. The possibility of the use of digital technology in map creation and reproduction widened the scope of map design research from evaluation of whole maps to the evaluation of basic graphic elements – the graphic or visual variables. The paper attempts to asses and validate one of the variables of Bertin's model of visual or graphic variables- the visual variable colour hue on the basis of available experimental evidence related to the functional efficiency, effectiveness and expressiveness of the variable at different perceptual/cognitive levels and the experimental evidence from design research in thematic cartography. The analysis of results both from psychology and design research in thematic cartography show that the two levels association and selection have adequate empirical support in the above two areas. However, the experimental results for the level order are contrary to formulations of Bertin. In case of both hues ordered in spectral progression and hues ordered around a unique hue variability expanse or range which extend to either of its limits in a limited ambit of ordered steps adequately perform at the level of order.

Key Words: Semiology of Graphics, Visual variables, Map design, Hue, Spectral Hues, Unique Hues

[1] Robinson, A. H. (1952) The Look of Maps: An Examination of Cartographic Design. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison

[2] Bertin, J. (1983) The Semiology of Graphics, William J. Berg, (trans).University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, xi, 415p.

[3] Schlichtman, H. (2009) Overview of the Semiotics of Maps, in Proceedings, 24th International Cartographic Conference, Santiago, [4] Robinson, A. H., Sale R. D., R. D., Morrison, J. and Muehrcke, P., C. (1995) Element of Cartography, (VIth Ed.)J Wiley, New York.

[5] Rittschof, K. A. Griffin. M. M. & Custer, W. L. (1998) Learner differences, Instructional Media. 25(2), 179-194

[6] MacEachren Alan M (2008) How Maps Work: Representation, Visualisation and Design, (Indian Reprint) Rawat Publications, Jaipur

[7] Garlandini, S. and Fabrikant, I. (2009) Evaluating the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Visual Variables for Geographic Information Visualisation, in Spatial Information Theory: 9th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT) Stewart Hornsby K, et al. (Edit), pp. 195-211, Springer-Veralg, Berlin

[8] Peucker, K. (1898) Schattenplastik und Farbenplastik, Artaria, Quoted in A. H. Robinson, (1952) The Look of Maps: An Examination of Cartographic Design. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison

[9] Arnheim R. (1969) Art and Visual Perception 'a psychology of the creative eye' Faber and Faber, London

[10] Olson, R. K., Attneave, F. (1970) What Variables Produce Similarity Grouping, American Journal of Psychology, 83, 1-21.

Abstract: Large scale import of tea to India was witnessed ever since the removal of quantitative restrictions in 2001. Assam is the single largest tea growing state accounting for half of the country's total production. Today tea is grown on tea estates and 70 percentage of the tea we drink is from Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Argentina and China. Majority of these imports are through duty free route for subsequently re-exports. Time series analysis is used to compute the domestic trends in tea imports of India. World tea imports for consumption was estimated at 1609.7 M.Kgs in 2011 compared to 1613.6 M.Kgs in 2010, a decline of 3.9 M.Kgs. The decline in world imports was led by Egypt which reported 11.3 M.Kgs decrease in imports at 81.7 M.Kgs. During 2011, the quantum of imports in India has declined to 18.6 M.Kgs compared to 20.0 M.Kgs, a decline of 1.4 M.Kgs. and in 2011, Nepal and Kenya turned to be the major source of the higher unit value of imports from these two countries.

Keywords: Tea Imports, Fluctuation, Price, Production, Time Series Analysis..

[1] Elhance, D N. VeenaElhance and Aggarwal, B.N, Fundamental of statistics (Allahabad, KitabMahal, 2011).

[2] Gaurav Datt, Ashwani Mahajan, Datt and sundaram, Indian economy, (New Delhi, S.Chand and Company Ltd, 2011).

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Abstract: The quest for democracy, good governance, and development has long been in the minds of many African leaders including Nigeria. Yet not many have achieved this neither do they have what it takes to make a government good and democratic. Using content analysis, the paper reveals that democracy has even in advanced countries not been practiced free and fair, though it is not dominated by many flaws as it is the case in Nigeria. This has prevented development from taking place. The paper examines the link between, democracy, good governance and development in Nigeria and submits that good governance reinforces democratic norms and practices while democracy offers the best prospects for good governance. However, democratic governance is not synonymous with good governance and development. Therefore, the mere existence of democracy does not translate into good governance and development. It however, follows that good governance is enhanced by democracy just as the former is a precondition for the realization of development. The paper clearly demonstrates that development efforts in Nigeria have failed because the tenets of democracy and features of good governance have been thwarted by state apparatus among other factors. The paper concludes that the hope for reconfiguring Nigeria lies in promoting good governance through the principles of democracy to ensure development.

[1] Adejumobi, S. (2004) "Democracy, Good Governance and Constitutionalism in Africa" in Akhaime, S. (ed) Governance: Nigeria and the World, Lagos: centre of constitutionalism and Demilitarization
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[8] Bujra, A. and Molutsi, P. (2000), "Preface", in Report of the DPMF/IDEA Workshop on "Democracy, Poverty and Social Exclusion: Is Democracy the Missing Link? (DPMF: Addis Ababa).
[9] Burkey, S. (1996) People first: A guide to self Reliance Participatory Rural Development, London: Zed Hocks Ltd.
[10] Dahl, R. (1982) Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy: New Heaven: Yale University Press

Abstract: Social support is a crucial factor in caregiving of dementia patients. The existence of informal social support has been shown to reduce the caregiver burden. However little is known about itsexistence and its influenceoncaregiver burden of dementia especially in local setting. Therefore the objectives of this study were to identify the association between social support and burden. Methods: A cross sectional study was done using validated questionnaires via guided interview wasconducted among informal primary caregivers of dementia patients from five major hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia. Result: Hundred and forty-five informal primary caregivers were recruited. The overall mean score of social support was 57.1 (± 13.06) whereby 49% of caregivers perceived that they had good informal social support and 51% had poor informal social support. There are significant association between informal social support from family and caregiver burden (p<0.05). Conclusion: These group of caregiversreceived all the informal social support from family, friends and significant others. However it was found that only informal social support from family wasassociated with caregiver burden.Strengthening of family relationship, responsibility and development of formal social support services should exist in addition to help the caregivers whom lack of the social support.

Keywords: caregiver burden, dementia, informalsocial support, Malaysia

[1] Choo, W.Y., Karina, R., Poi, P.J.H., Ebenezer, E., & Prince, M.J. Social Support and Burden among Caregivers of Patients with Dementia in Malaysia.Asia Pac J Public Health, 2003, 15(1): 23 – 29.

[2] Siew,T. T., Chung, Y.L. & Yen, C. L. Factors associated with depressive distress among Taiwanese family caregivers of cancer patients at the end of life. Palliative Medicine, 2007, 21: 249-257.

[3] Rarcharneeporn, S.and Lund, D.A..Maintaining Caregiving at Home: A Culturally Sensitive Grounded Theory of Providing Care in Thailand.J.Transcult.Nurs.,2000, 11: 166-175.

[4] Devor, M. &Renvall, M. An Educational Intervention to Support Caregivers of Elders With Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen,2008, 23: 233-241.

[5] Kuo, F. & Fisher, G. Meeting the needs of caregivers with Alzheimer's disease:Recommendations for health care providers. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 2004, 2(3), 82-91.
[6] Thompson, T., Pierce, L., Steiner, V., Govoni, A., Hicks, B., &Friedemann, M.L. What happened to normal? Learning the role of caregiver.Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 2004, 8(2):http://www.eaa-knowledge.com/ojni/ni/8_2/caregiver.htm

[7] Beaudreau, S. A., Spira, A.P., Gray, H.L., Depp, C.A., Long, J., Rothkopf, M. &Gallagher-Thompson, D. The Relationship BetweenObjectively Measured Sleep Disturbance and Dementia Family Caregiver Distress and Burden.JGeriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 2008, 21(3): 159-165.

[8] Arango-Lasprilla, J.C., Moreno, A., Rogers, H. and Francis, K. The Effect of Dementia Patient's Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional/ Behavioral Problems on Caregiver Well-Being: Findings From a Spanish-Speaking Sample From Colombia, South America. AM J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen,2009, 24: 384-397.

[9] Schulz,R., McGinnis, K.S., Shong Zhang, Martire, L.M., Hebert, R.S., Beach, S.R., Zdaniuk, B., Czaja, S.J. & Belle, S.H. . Dementia Patient Suffering and Caregiver Depression.Alzheimer Dis AssocDisord, 2008, 22(2): 170–176.

[10] Hughes, S. L., Giobbie-Hurder, A., Weaver, F.M., Kubal, J.D. & Henderson, W. Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life. The Cerontologist, 1999, 39(5): 534-545.

Abstract: This paper argues that Miller's all My Sons(1947) shows how the cultural factors represented by politics, economics and social powers create characters who have certain Machiavellian features that can be explained by modern psychological theories. Instead of endeavoring to achieve their self-realization or actualization, these modern Machiavellian characters have lost their way and their human potentiality and become self-alienated. Arthur Miller's All My Sons (1947) has insightfully captured the disastrous effects of capitalism and cultural factors on his character. Miller's play demonstrates the influence of the modern increasing needs and the different strategies of coping with anxieties caused by the competitive capitalist society. The villainy of his businessman is seen more pity than contempt. The characters are defeated as society is defeated by the competitive spirit which brings out the worst in men and by the commercialism which perverts or hampered the traditional values. By applying a psychological approach of Abraham Maslow and Karen Horney's theories, this study aims to explore how Miller depicts the psychological sources of Machiavellian personality, the dynamics of inner conflict and the strategies that arise when character's bargain is threatened. This study applies Machiavellian personality theory that concentrates on the sense of Machiavellianism in modern time.

Keywords: All My Sons, Arthur Miller, Horney, Machiavellian, Maslo

[1] R .Christie & F. L. Geis, Studies in Machiavellianism (New York: Academic Press, 1970).

[2] John Roe, Shakespeare and Machiavelli (Cambridge: DS Brewer2002).

[3] Edward Stockton Meyer, Machiavelli and the Elizabethan Drama (Weimar: E. Felber, 1897).

[4] Khoury, Joseph, Machiavellian providential politics in Marlowe and Shakespeare: A comparative perspective, doctoral diss., Carleton University 2001.
[5] Wilbur Sanders, The dramatist and the received Idea: studies in the plays of Marlowe and Shakespeare (Cambridge: Cambridge Up, 1968).
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[8] Jean Phillips and Stanley Gully, Organizational behavior: tools for success (Wadsworth: Cengage, 2012).

[9] S. Tobias, The effects of assertiveness training on Machiavellianism (Union, NJ: Kean College of New Jersey, 1982).
[10] A. A. Turnbull, Selling and the salesman: Prediction of success and personality change. Psychological Reports, 38(4), (1976). 1175-1180.

Abstract: Films about 'women's issues' and their importance in Iran have not been paid in-depth attention in scholarly works. These films are labeled as political as they challenge the institutions and values of patriarchy in Iranian society. In recent years, Iranian women filmmakers have produced an impressive body of work and they have won a number of international awards. These filmmakers carved a niche despite all the restrictions imposed by patriarchal strictures. However, these filmmakers are still facing difficulties in making their films as the political fortunes of the conservatives and reformers continue to ebb and flow. TahmineMilani is one of the Iranian women filmmakers whose films directly address women's problems in a patriarchal society. By providing an overview of the role of women in Iranian cinema and by examining TahmineMilani's Fifth Reaction (2003), this paper sheds light on the role of Iranian women filmmakers and the status of women in Iran. We argue although it has been repeatedly said that Iranian women filmmakers can easily make films about women's issues, there is still a tough hold on women's cinema. We also argue that Iranian cinema has taken a form of neopatriarchy in which women filmmakers are still restricted and at times are not allowed to present women's related issues such as political and social problems of women. In spite of all these vicissitudes, these women filmmakers still have a powerful presence in Iranian cinema. Keywords: Cinema,Iran, NeopatriarchySociety, Women

[1] Mulvey, L., Notes on Sirk and Melodrama, in C. Gledhill (Ed.), Home is where the heart is: studies in melodrama and the women's film, (London: BFI Publishing, 1987).

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[3] Zeydabadi-Nejad, S., The politics of Iranian cinema, (New York: Routledge, 2010).

[4] Naficy, Hamid, Iranian Cinema under the Islamic Republic, American Anthropologist, New Series, 97(3), 1995, 548-558.

[5] Chelkowski, P., Ta'ziyeh: Ritual and drama in Iran (New York: New York University Press, 1979).

[6] Najmabadi, A., Reading for gender through Qajarpaintings, in L. Diba (Ed.), Royal Persian paintings: the Qajar epoch, 1785-1925, (London: l.B. Tauris, 1999).

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[8] Lahiji, S., Chaste dolls succeed unchaste dolls: women in Iranian cinema since 1 979, in R. Tapper (Ed.), The new Iranian cinema: politics, representation and identity,( London: LB. Tauris, 2002).

[9] Mir-Hosseini, Z., The construction of gender in Islamic legal thought and strategies for reform, Hawwa, 1(1), 2003, 1-28.

[10] Bahar, M., Religious identity and mass media: The situation of women in Iranian cinema following the Islamic revolution, Media and communication studies, 2 (6), 2010, 144-153.

Abstract: Terrorism has been an insidious act common and conducted daily over decades and has been responsible for the physical and or structural violence experienced by many people in Nigeria. Individuals, Groups and even the state carry out acts of terrorism in one way or the other. The preponderance of terrorists' activities in recent times especially those conducted by Niger Delta Militants and now Boko Haram are only in response to acts of terrorism conducted directly or indirectly by the governments and its' functionaries at all levels whose responsibility is to improve and protect the lives and properties of its citizens. The effects of these acts of terrorism are the threats they posed to national security, peace, unity and development of the country. For instance, it has pushed further the polarisation of the fragile political unity and pushed up the existing suspicion and distrust between the 'north and south'. It has also jeopardised the basic human rights and civil liberties of the citizens due to activities of the terrorists and the Joint Security Task Force (JTF) to maintain law and order. Equally, it has threatened the desperate attempt to industrialised, and the existing socio-cultural tranquillity has been hampered. It is recommended that the government should take the business of governance seriously and address issues of injustices, marginalisation, discrimination, and provision of public good such as security and the creation of enabling environment for investments which in turn will increase and improve the livelihoods of the greatest numbers of its citizens.

Key words: Terrorism, Insidious, Threat, National Security, and Enabling Environment.

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