iosr-JMCE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. - Feb. 2020

Abstract: Using reinforced concrete shear walls and cores is one of the most effective systems in resisting lateral loads. Analysis of buildings under the effect of lateral loads is performed using highly sophisticated commercial software finite element analysis packages. In order to account for concrete cracking, the design of these cores is performed using interaction diagrams, based on the relevant code idealization of the strain diagram throughout the section height. This idealization does not consider the torsional movement of these cores in computation of their ultimate capacity. Previous research by the authors studied the difference in behavior between regular and irregular shapes of cores, especially those which have discontinuity in web at load direction. Additionally, an extensive study was conducted to investigate the actual structural behavior of cores of different section shapes.....

Keywords : Finite Element Modeling, Reinforced Concrete cores, Nonlinear analysis, Cracked section analysis

[1]. ABAQUS Manual, ABAQUS Version 6.11.
[2]. ACI Committee, American Concrete Institute and International Organization for Standardization, 2008. Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-08) and commentary. American Concrete Institute.
[3]. CEN (ComitéEuropéen de Normalisation). 2004. Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures – Part 1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, EN 1992-1-1:2004. Brussels:CEN. 230 p.
[4]. Chaudhari, S.V. and Chakrabarti, M.A., 2012. Modeling of concrete for nonlinear analysis using finite element code ABAQUS, International Journal of Computer Apllications, Volume 44 (7), pp.14-18.
[5]. ECP 203 (2012), ―Egyptian Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures 2012.‖.

Abstract: The use of silica fume as a mineral admixture to produce high strength high performance concretes is gaining importance in recent years. This paper presents better understanding of the efficiency of silica fume in concrete and experimental work on the properties of fresh and harden concrete containing different levels of silica fume. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of binder systems containing different levels of silica fume on fresh and harden properties of concrete. The work was focused on concrete mixes having a fixed water cement ratio of 0.35 with the addition of super plasticizer at a constant total binder cement content of 412 kg/m3. The percentage of silica fume replaced with cement in this research was: 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. At 10% replacement of cement with silica fume, it gave the highest compressive strength. But higher replacement of cement by silica fume gave lower strength.

Keywords: Compressive strength, spit tensile strength, flexural strength, Silica fume, Slump test, w/c ratio

[1]. Mohammad Iqbal Khan, Rafat Siddique, (2011) "Utilization of silica fume in concrete: Review of durability properties"; 2011
[2]. Assem A.A Hassan, Mohamed Lachemi, Khandaker M.A Hossain, (2012) "Effect of metakaolin and silica fume on the durability of self-consolidating concrete"
[3]. Erhan Guneyisi, Mehmet Gesoglu, Seda Karaoglu, Kasim Mermerdas, (2012) "Strength, permeability and shrinkage cracking of silica fume and metakaolin concretes".
[4]. Ardra Mohan, K.M. Mini,(2018) "Strength and durability studies of SCC incorporating silica fume and ultra fine GGBS"
[5]. Prof. Vishal S. Ghutke, Prof. Pranita S.Bhandari,(2014) "Influence of silica fume on concrete"

Abstract: Retempering is defined as, ''Addition of water and remixing of concrete or mortar which has lost enough workability to become unplaceable ''. Retempering in results in some loss of strength compared with the original concrete. Adding water to a plastic mix to increase slump is an extremely common practice, even though it is not recommended because it increases the porosity of concrete. Concrete often arrives on site more than half an hour after initial mixing. Placement operations can take anywhere from 10 to 60 min, depending on the field conditions and the size of the load. When the slump decreases to an unacceptable level during the operations, water is added to the mix. In this work, an attempt is made to study the strength characteristics of retempered concrete after 8 to 10 year old concrete structure by taking NDT. Durability of retempered concrete is affected after retempering time of 50 min and durability of concrete is depending up on 28 days strength of concrete.

Keyword: Compressive Strength, Retempering, Durability, destructive testing and Non destructive testing.

[1]. M.S. Shetty, "Concrete Technology Books", S. Chand and company Ltd. 1st edition 1982
[2]. A.R. Pethkar, G.Deshmukh "Retempering of Concrete made by using Manufactured Sand" J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A (April-June 2014) 95(2):105-108
[3]. A.R. Pethkar, G.K.Deshmukh" Comparison of strength between Retempered concrete of two different grades"The Indian Concrete Journal, September 2016, Vol. 90, Issue 9, pp.22-24
[4]. A.R. Pethkar "Retempering of Mortar" volumes 6 Issue 3 Feb. 2016 IJIET ISSI: 2319-1058
[5]. A. M. Alhozaimy, "Effect of retempering of R.M.C. in Hot- dry environments Cement &concrete composites"29(2007) 124-127

Abstract: The satisfactory performance of the pavement will result in higher savings in terms of vehicle operating costs and travel time, which has a bearing on the overall economic feasibility of the project, thorough analysis of the existing pavement is greatly required at this point of time, as an excessive amount of vehicle loads is passing through the project and it is unknown whether or not the road pavement might sustain its structural integrity. The structural integrity of road is depending upon various components of road pavements. In this paper we attempt to give all the requirements & standards of various components of flexible pavements with their test method given by I.S. & minimum required frequency test to be conducted..

Keywords: Flexible Pavement, IS Specifications

[1]. Highway engineering by S.K.KHANNA,
[2]. C.E.G. JUSTO and A.VEERARAGAVAN. text book.
[3]. Principles and practice of highway engineering by L.R KADIYALI, and N.B LAL text book.
[4]. Ministry of road transport and highways (MORTH). Fifth revision.
[5]. Indian road congress (IRC).

Abstract: Vehicle air conditioner greatly affects the power efficiency and fuel economy of the vehicle, so the operation of the vehicle air conditioner is important.The compressor of the air conditioner has ECV (Electromagnetic Control Valve) which controls the compression ratio of the refrigerant. The compressibility of the refrigerant is an important factor in the performance of the compressor, so ECV of the automotive air conditioner compressor must be precisely controlled. Need to understand functional elements of the ECV with the development of the technology. In Variable Displacement Swash plate type Compressor, we analyze the refrigerant flow characteristics inside the valve on the effect of valve operation.Simulation results show a speed difference of about 44.4m / s and a pressure difference of about 4.44Mpa due to valve operation.

Keywords: Vehicle A/C, Swash plate type compressor, ECV, Flow characteristics

[1]. Lee YJ, Lee GH (2010), "Design for Improving Magnetic Force for Control Valve in Variable Compressor", Korean Society for Fluid Power & Construction Equipment, Vol.7, No.4, pp: 119-124
[2]. Kim SW, Lee MH, Kim KH, Jung CH (2013), "A Study about Emission and Fuel Economy of a Passenger Car according to Blower Strength of A/C and Heater", Spring Academic Conference of Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 2013, No.5, pp: 269 - 275.
[3]. Lee BS, Lee YJ, Lee TJ, Han JS, Bae IP, Lee GH (2016), "A Study on the Optimum Design of the Suction Check Valve used to the Variable Swash Plate Compressor for a Vehicle", Treatise on Academic Conference of Society of Air-conditioning & Refrigerating Engineers of Korea, pp: 357 – 360.
[4]. Son IS, Shin DK, Hwang S (2016), "Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Bellows for Electromagnetic Control Valve", Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol.17, No.3, pp: 432-437, http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.3.432
[5]. Jong Hoon Lee, Yoon Hwan Choi, Yeon Won Lee. "Computational Analysis of Flow Characteristics of a PCV Valve." Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 13.4 (2005.7): 66-73.

Abstract: Background: Expansive soils have a destructive influence on civil engineering structures; mainly the light loaded structures over the world. This damage takes place because the swelling soils undergo significant changes in volume and strength as a result of changes in moisture content. Expansive soils can swell or shrink when their water content increase or decrease depending mainly on the kind of clay minerals present in the soil formation. The variation of soil moisture content may be developed from many sources such as gardening wetting, lawn, pipe leaky, and climate changes. Therefore, the design of the structural foundation on this problematic soil needs to the knowledge of the behavior and stress-related deformability of the soil, also the geologic conditions. The prediction of the behavior of expansive, unsaturated soils should deal with many issues, that included soil properties characterization and a computing tool that can model the non-linear nature of expansive soils. Many methods can be used for the prediction....

Keywords: Volume change behavior; Expansive soil; EPS Geofoam; Soil water characteristic Curve; Swelling potential; Unsaturated soil.

[1]. Adem, H. H, Modulus of elasticity-based method for estimating the vertical movement of natural unsaturated expansive soils, Ph.D. thesis, Citeseer, 2015.
[2]. Jones D. E. and Holtz, W. G., "Expansive soils-the hidden disaster," Civil Engineering, 1973; vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 49-51.
[3]. Puppala A. J. and Cerato A., "Heave distress problems in chemically-treated sulphate-laden materials," Geo-Strata—Geo-Institute of ASCE, 2009; vol. 10, no. 2, p. 28
[4]. Ravve A., Principles of polymer chemistry, Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
[5]. Elragi A. F., Selected engineering properties and applications of EPS geofoam, State University of New York. College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 2000.

Abstract: The effective sewerage or drainage is a system in which sewage can flow with self cleansing velocity and waste will flow without any hindrance to the main sewer or outfall. In a Smart City concept the effective sewerage and drainage are the two most vital and important components under building of physical infrastructure of a "Smart City". A Smart City should have own sewerage and drainage system and in the total sanitation system the waste should be 100% recycled. The "Liquid Waste'' or "Refuse (Solid waste)" is considered as the "Resource" for "Reuse" in the form of "Renewable" energy like bio-gas or fossil fuel or may be used as nutrient to the agricultural field nearby. To build an effective sewerage and drainage in a smart city the ULB or the maintaining authorities should be strengthened with skills and resources so that they can efficiently maintain that modern and innovative technology- based assets. So, when the combination of both the efforts of strengthening of ULBs and creation of modern and innovative technologies in different aspects then a city can be emerge out as a Smart City.

[1]. CPHEEO Manual for Sewerage and Sewage treatment-2012.
[2]. CPHEEO Manual for Storm water drainage.
[3]. Public Health Engineering Directorate, Govt. of West Bengal.
[4]. History of water supply and sanitation – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
[5]. Sustainable sanitation – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia..

Abstract: A performance study of a non-phase change, Used-engine oil as thermal energy storage material have been carried out to investigate its heat storage capability for use in improving the yield of a solar still. The methodology used involved charging the solar still basin with water and the storage chamber with energy storage material (used-engine oil). The water was heated by solar radiation being transmitted through the glass cover. A steam will be generated which on impinging at the bottom of the glass cover exchange heat with outside cover of the glass cover and condensed into distilled water. The excess heat in the water basin passes through the heat exchanger to the storage chamber to warm the oil. The stored heat is utilized in the night time for the continuous distillation.......

Keywords: used-engine oil, Insolation, thermal energy storage material, sensible heat storage medium.

[1]. Aghareed, M.T. (1995). Organic-inorganic Mixture for Solar Energy Storage System. Energy Conversion Management, Vol.36, No.10 Pp. 969-974.
[2]. Bugaje, M.I. and Ramshaw, C. (1995). "Storage of Solar Thermal Energy in Tubes and Quilts Containing Paraffin Wax". Nigerian Journal of Solar Energy, Vol.13, Pp. 102-109.
[3]. Chendo, M.A.C. and Egariewe, S.U. (1991). "Effects of Pebbles and Wick on the Performance of a Shallow Basin Solar Still". Proceedings of ISES Solar World Congress, Pp. 2264-2269, Denver Co. U.S.A.
[4]. Jersen , J. (1980). "Energy Storage" 1ST Edition, Pp.17, Butter Worth Publishers.
[5]. Maduekwe, A.A.L. and Zaki, A.L. (1996). Application of a Phase Change Material and Liquid Paraffin to Solar Stills with Storage Chamber". Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy, Vol.4, No.1, Pp.7-14.

Abstract: The importance of burning fuel in our everyday life cannot be over-emphasized. Severe environmental pollution appears to be threatening the development prospects of our country. This paper reports on experimentally developed system for the atomization and evaluation of the combustibility of a mixture of used-engine oil and kerosene. The two petroleum products, used-engine oil and kerosene, are mixed in a mixing chamber and then atomized with aid of a smooth nozzle into vapor droplets. The atomized fuel was tested by igniting and the result was a smooth burning flame which signifies a good combustible fuel. The result showed that 1kg of kerosene required 15kg or 11.6m3 of air for total combustion, while 1kg of oil required for complete combustion 14.91kg or 11.532m3 of air. The calorimetric temperature of the mixture was found to be 2.76 x 103K. Thus, once a sound technology is established the mixture can be used in areas such as in domestic cooking, combustion in small furnace, steam raising, bakery ovens and metallurgical heating.

Keywords: Used-engine oil, mixing chamber, atomization, flashpoint, higher calorific value, lower calorific value.

[1]. A.V. Bridg Water and C.J. Mumford, "Waste Recycling and pollution Control Handbook", George Godwin, 1979, 15th ed.
[2]. Peter D. Osbord, "Handbook of Energy Data and Calculations", With Directory of products and Services. Butterworths, 1983, P16.
[3]. Mechanical Engineers reference Book, 4th ed.
[4]. M.J. Neale, "Tribology Handbook", Published in association with the committee on Tribology, Butterworths, 1973.
[5]. J.H. Harver and J.R. Backhurst, "Fuel and Energy", Academic Press, 1981.