iosr-JMCE   International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology – 2014 (ICAET-2014)

Abstract: In today's economic climate, many organizations struggle with declining sales and increasing costs. Some choose to hunker down and weather the storm, hoping for better results in the future. However, layoffs and workforce reductions jeopardize future competitiveness. However, organizations that have implemented the Theory of Constraints (TOC) continue to thrive and grow in difficult times, continuing to achieve real bottom line growth, whether by improving productivity or increased revenues. In this paper, the organization dealing with the furniture manufacturing has been studied and the main constraints for the maximum throughput are identified by applying a thinking process tool called as "Theory of Constraints" (TOC). The Drum Buffer Rope (DBR) has been applied for capacity planning and the time for each identified processes is calculated and workload for each work center is calculated. Then the capacity constraint machine is identified. The proper solution has been provided to overcome the constraint

[1] Verma, R., (1997), "Management Science, Theory of Constraints optimized Production Technology and Local Optimization‟, Omega, Int., J. MgmtSci, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 189-200. [2]. Mukhopadhyay, S.K., "Theory of Constraints‟ [3] Lanki, Amy L., June (1998), "Localized Planning With Action Base Constraints‟, Artificial Intelligence, pp. 49-136. [4] Linhares, Alexandre, (2009), "Theory of Constraints and the Combinatorial Complexity of Product Mix decision‟, International production economics, pp. 121-129. [5] Choe, Kwangseek, & Herman, Susan, "Using Theory of Constraints Tools to Manage Organizational Change: A Case Study of Euripa Labs‟, International Journal of Management & Organizational Behavior, vol. 8, no 6, pp. 540-558.

Abstract: The constant improvement in quality is imperative because of competitiveness and quality of life in twenty first century. The quality can be achieved in various ways. Quality improvement in characteristics of quality or quality goals is important for customers and organization itself(17). Number of approaches in quality improvement, viz, lean, six sigma, PDCA, 5S etc, can be employed to achieve the desired level of quality taking into consideration the intricacies of the organization. Various problems which can be faced are the increased complexity of business environment, dependence on number of external factors and environment risk, the risk refers to internal and external business factors. It is a well known fact that the growth is dependent on number of parameters such as the investment climate, quality production, improved productivity, better human resource utilization etc [03].

Antony, Jiju, Jorge L. Escamilla, Peter Caine.(2003) :"Lean Sigma-Manufacturing Engineer", IEEE.
Dr. R. L. Shrivastava; Mohanty, R. P.; Lakhe, R. R." (2006):"Linkages between total quality management and organisational performance: an empirical study for Indian industry", Volume 17, Number 1, Number 1, pp. 13-30(18)
Digalwar A.K., Tagalpallewar A.R. (2007): " Guidelines for implementation of World-Class Manufacturing in Indian Manufacturing Industry" Emerging Trends in Engg. & Tech. Pusad( FRONTIER-2007) pp. 239.

Abstract:Suspensions of fine particles in either Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids are often encountered in the physical, engineering and biological sciences. For example, the manufacture of particle-laden products such as reinforced composites, paints, paper, slurries, cements etc. involves the processing of particle suspensions. Fine particles become difficult to suspend due to interparticle attraction forces like ver der Waals force; capillary and cohesive forces etc. are responsible to convert the fine particles into aggregate. These aggregates restrict the particles to get suspend uniformly,

Morse R.D.( 1955), "Sonic energy in granular solid fluidization", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 47, 1170-1175. Nowak, W., Hasatani, M., Derczynski, M. (1993) ,"Fluidization & heat transfer of Fine particles in an acoustic field." AIChE symp 89, pp. 137-149. Chirone R., Russo P, Massimila L, and Russo S.( 1994), "The influence of the frequency of acoustic waves on sound assisted fluidization of beds of fine particles", Powder Technology, 82, 53-57. Leu, L.P., Huang, C.T. (1994) "Fluidization of cohesive powders in a sound wave vibrated fluidized bed." AIChE symp. Ser., 90, 301, pp. 124-141.

Abstract: The machine consists of a human-powered flywheel motor using a bicycle-drive mechanism with speed-increasing gearing and a flywheel, which drive the process unit though a spiral jaw clutch and torque increasing gearing. The operator puts energy into the flywheel at a convenient power level for about one minute. After enough energy is stored, pedaling is stopped and the energy in the flywheel is made available to the utensils' manufacturing unit The molding of utensils is done by using dies of the required shape and size rotating on the machine and the shape of the utensil is formed with the help of forming tool. Pedal power is the transfer of energy from a human source through the use of a foot pedal via flywheel to the processing unit. Commonly pedal power is used to power agricultural and hand tools and even to generate electricity. Machine can be economically viable and can be used by unskilled workers, save time.

Modak J, Bapat A. Design of experimentation for establishing generalized experimental model for a manually driven flywheel motor. Proc. International Conference on Modeling and Simulation. New Delhi, India. 1987 8(2): 127-140. J.P.Modak and S.D.Moghe, Design and development of a human powered machine for manufacture of Lime-Fly ash-Sand bricks, technical journal of the IHPVA, Volume 13,Number 2 Spring 98 pg: 3-8

Abstract:This paper describes the work done on Compression Ignition Engine downsizing and charging the engine using air resistance during vehicle motion substantial downsizing and improvement in performance in terms of power up rating, improvement in efficiency and improvement in fuel economy and noticed. Laboratory experiment to confirm utilization of air resistance is carried out. The field trails on TATA SUMO passenger vehicle shown improvement in fuel economy. The reduction in exhaust pollutants is also noticed during experimentation. This paper discusses about power up rating.

Michael Walsh, Global Trends in Motor Vehicles Pollution Control, Bureau of Motor Vehicle Pollution Controll, New York SIAT,SAE Conference,1(1999). Institute of Francis du Petrole, Cedex, France, SIAT,SAE Conference.75(1999). Andre Douaud, Future Engines nd Fuels High Performance and Low Emission .SIAT SAE Conference 1(1999) F.Cavallino R.Imarisio, F Boggio; Potential of Third Generation of Direct Injection Engines , FIAT Auto Itali,SIAT,SAE Conference 53(1999).

Abstract: The fluidization behavior of silica gel was tested in a fluidized bed under different sound pressure levels and sound frequencies. It has been found that the particle mixtures can be fluidized smoothly with sound assistance at low sound frequency owing to the sound energy disrupting large size of agglomerates. The minimum fluidization velocity was found to decrease with increasing sound frequency. It then increases at the same sound pressure level. At a given sound frequency minimum fluidization velocity reduces substantially with the increase in sound pressure level. Bed expansion was observed in presence of sound intensity.

Chirone R., Russo P., Massimila L., and Russo S., "The influence of the frequency of acoustic waves on sound assisted fluidization of beds
of fine particles", Powder Technology, 82, 53-57, 1995
Geldart D., "Types of gas fluidization", Powder Technology, 7, 285-292, 1973.

Abstract: The mechanics of robotics science consistently dealing with one most successful creation of this discipline i.e. mobile robotics. To control navigation strategies for mobile robot is the very common area of research in robotics. Aim of this investigation is to observe the range of requirements as well as recognize with major areas within the scale and to discuss proper systems for achieving these requirements. In recent, mobile robotics is one of the most favorable areas for research, in which how to control the motion inside environment; study well. To create collision free navigational path for mobile robot on working platform without physical interaction between human; recurrent neural network (RNN) techniques is implemented with sensors, which mobilize the environment data at the stage of path formation. AI (RNN) technique covers a continuum degree of technologies based on application. In this article, various prehistoric methodologies and several progressive space sciences with engineering techniques, as well as development and control of navigation system well defined. For theoretical and experimental analysis Webots simulation software is used. Finally, RNN simulation result shows the effectiveness of the control algorithms.

S. Soumare, A Ohya, Yuta, Real-time obstacle avoidance by an autonomous mobile robot using an active vision sensor and a vertically emitted laser slit, Intelligent Autonomous System: IAS-7, 2002. Y. Pan and J. Wang, Model Predictive Control of Unknown Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Based on Recurrent Neural Networks, IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 59, pp. 3089 – 3101, august 2012. C. Abdelmoula, F. Chaari, M. Masmoudi, A new design of a robot prototype for intelligent navigation and parallel parking, Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Automation System, 2009.

Abstract: The traditional duster eraser chalk dust is a common problem. It is generally known that erasers for cleaning the black boards in school rooms soon become saturated with chalk dust and have to be cleaned. In the past, this has usually been done by clapping the erasers together. In short, swallowing a piece of white chalkboard chalk won't kill a person, but breathing in the dust for a number of years can create or trigger respiratory problems.

[1] Ren, Z. G. (2002). Chalk dust on the health hazards of teachers (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of School Health, 2, 189. [2] Yang, S. Z., & Chong, Y. K. (2007). Mechanical engineering control. Wuhan: Hua zhong University of Science and Technology Press. [3] Deng, X. Z. (2002). Electric Drive Control. Wuhan: Hua zhong University of Science and TechnologyPress. [4] Pu, L. G., & Ji, M. G. (2001). Mechanical design (7th ed.). pp. 167-170. Beijing: Higher Education Press. Qian [5] Jinzan Liu1, Zhong Zeng1 & Lang Xu1 "New Smart Eraser Design "Modern Applied Science; Vol. 7, No. 2; 2013 ,ISSN 1913-1844 E-ISSN 1913-1852.

Abstract: six sigma is an approach that improve quality by analysing data with statistics six sigma is an organised and systematic method for strategic process improvement and new product and services development that relies on statistical method and the scientific method to make dramatic reduction in customer defined defectrates. Sometimes the traditional method fails in removing customer defined defect rates therefore there is a necessity of developing such a powerful method that fulfil customer expectation and improve process capability. Six sigma is such a recent technology which helps in improving process capability to a greater extent.

[1] S.H Park, six sigma for quality and productivity, asian productivity organisation,1-2-10 ,Hirakawacho, chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan [5] Hongbo Wang "A review of six sigma methodology and future research" 978-1-4244-2108,2008

Abstract: This research article focuses on various life cycle engineering (LCE) aspects in the design and development of various systems. Life Cycle Engineering has become the major thrust area for product designers and manufacturers during the past few decades. A methodology (MADM) based on digraph and matrix method for the systematic evaluation of various life cycle engineering issues is presented here. These aspects have been considered as attributes. An index is used to evaluate these attributes and the ideal value of this index is also obtained, which is useful in assessing the relative index value. A step-by-step procedure for evaluation of life cycle engineering aspects is presented and illustrated with the help of an example.

[1] P. E Fitch and J.S Cooper, Life Cycle Energy Analysis: A Method for Material Selection, J. of Mechanical Design, Trans. of ASME, 126 (5), 2004, 798–804. [2] H. Kobayashi: Strategic Evolution of Ecoproducts: a Product Life Cycle Planning Methodology, Research in Engineering Design, 16, 2005, 1-16. [3] M. Kwak and H.M Kim, Evaluating End-of-Life Recovery Profit by a Simultaneous Consideration of Product Design and Recovery Network Design. Journal of Mechanical Design, ASME, 132(7), 2010, 071001. [4] Xu, L., Li, Z., Li, S. and Tang, F, A Decision Support System for Design in Concurrent Engineering, J. of Decision Support Systems, 42 (1), 2007, 2029–2042.

Abstract: In this project we do the performance evaluation of thermal utility equipment/application. As we know the in power plant/industry there are number of equipment like compressor,turbine,boiler.water pump, cooling tower, heat exchanger,preheater,superheater so on. As this equipment are mechanical there should be loss of energy, more fuel consumption,lead to environment pollution. Leakages due to improper flow rate. In order to overcome this problem we would like to do the performance analysis of thermal utility equipment. This can be done application new technique.data collection, analysis of performance, market survey.

1. www.energymanagertraining.com 2. www.bee.com 3. www. Energyconservation.co.in

Abstract: The flash plate system design plays an important role in the quality and cost of a metal casting. Due to the lack of fixed theoretical procedures to follow, the design process is carried out on a trial-and-error basis. In this study, a flash plate was modelled and analysed by using computational techniques to overcome such (mention warpage) complexities. The proposed optimization framework applied to the gating and riser system of a sand casting gave good results and provided more flexibility in decision making (this statement can be used if result with different ribs can be obtained). The objective of the research presented in this thesis is to optimize gating/riser systems based on CAD and simulation technology with the goal of improving casting quality such as reducing incomplete filling area, decreasing large porosity and increasing yield. Therefore in the thesis, an optimization framework is presented based on CAD and simulation technology. Given a CAD model of part design and after converted to a casting model, it is the first step to evaluate castability of the casting design. Then the runner and risers are represented parametrically, and CAD models generated by varying parameters can be used in the simulation. After analyzing simulation results, the gating/riser system design is optimized to improve casting quality. In the thesis, one engine block is used to verify the effectiveness of the optimization method. Compared with the initial design, it is found that the optimized casting design can decrease porosity around 18% while the yield increases 16%.

[1] Jean Kor, Xiang Chen, and Henry Hu, 'Multi-Objective Optimal Gating and Riser Design for Metal-Casting', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, Part of 2009 IEEE Multi-conference on Systems and Control, Saint Petersburg, Russia, July 8-10, 2009. [2] Jean Kor, Xiang Chen, Zhizhong Sun, Henry Hu, 'Casting Design Through Multi-Objective Optimization', 2009 Second International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering. [3] Liu Feng, Yang Yi, 'A systematic method for identifying contradiction of casting process', 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation.

Abstract: Wall climbing devices have been developed with the objective of replacing human operators in the accomplishment of essential safety in performing tasks in hazardous environments as with nuclear reactors, petrochemical plants, power stations etc. Electromagnetism based adhesion mechanisms have been widely used to develop devices which stick to pipes, girders, wall of ferromagnetic material surfaces etc. These devices usually rely on uninterrupted supply of on board electrical power or power supply from base station. In the event of power failure the device falls off. This paper presents a survey of the design concepts and technologies based on magnetic adhesion principle. It also describes a new climbing device that makes use of permanent magnets instead of conventional electromagnets and uses compressed air supplied from base station. The pneumatically controlled device does not require electrical power supply for its operation.

Keywords: Adhesion principles, Electromagnetic gripping, Permanent magnet, Wall-climbing device

[1] Love P. Kalra, Jason Gu, "A Wall Climbing Robot for Oil Tank Inspection." in Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, December 17 - 20, 2006, Kunming, China. [2] W. Yan, L. Shuliang, X. Dianguo, Z. Yanzheng, S. Hao, and G. Xueshan, "Development & Application of Wall-Climbing Robots," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA ‟99), pp. 1207–1212, Detroit, USA, May 1999.
[3] Giuk Lee, "Compliant Track-Wheeled Climbing Robot with Transitioning Ability and High-Payload Capacity." in Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2011 IEEE International Conference on 7-11 Dec. 2011. [4] W. Fischer, F. Tâche, and R. Siegwart, "Inspection System for Very Thin and Fragile Surfaces, Based on a Pair of Wall Climbing Robots with Magnetic Wheels." in Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, San Diego, CA, USA, Oct 29 - Nov 2, 2007.

Abstract: Environmental awareness today motivates the researchers, worldwide on the studies of natural fiber reinforced polymer composite and cost effective option to synthetic fiber reinforced composites. The availability of natural fibers and ease of manufacturing have tempted researchers to try locally available inexpensive fibers and to study their feasibility of reinforcement purposes and to what extent they satisfy the required specifications of good reinforced polymer composite for different applications.

[1] Jartiz, A.E., 1965, "Design," pp. 18.
[2] Kelly, A., 1967, Sci. American, 217, (B), pp. 161.
[3] Agarwal, B.D. and Broutman, L.J., 1980, "Analysis and performance of fiber composites," John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp.3-12.
[4] Rong, M.Z., Zhang, M.Q., Liu, Y., Yang, G.C. and Zeng, H.M., 2001, "The effect of fiber treatment on the mechanical properties of
unidirectional sisalreinforced epoxy composites," Compos. Sci. Technol., 61; pp. 1437–1447.
[5] Haigler, C. H., 1985, "The Functions and Biogenesis of Native Cellulose," Cellulose Chemistry and Its Applications. T. P. Nevell and S.
H. Zeronian. West Sussex, Ellis Horwood Limited: pp.30-83
[6] Rowell, R.M., 1997, "Chemical modification of agro-resources for property enhancement", Paper and Composites from Agro-based
Resources, CRC Press. p. 351-375.

Abstract: A domestic refrigerator designed to work with R-134a was used as a test unit to asses the possibility of using hydrocarbons and their blends as refrigerants. Pure butane, isobutene and mixture of propane, butane and isobutene were used as refrigerants. The performance of the refrigerator using hydrocarbons as refrigerants was investigated and compared with the performance of refrigerator when R-134a was used as refrigerant.

[1] B. Donald, B. Nagengast (1994). Heat and Cold mastering the greatindoors. ASHRAE, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329.ISBN1-883413-17-6. [2] R. Radermacher, K. Kim, Domestic refrigerator: recent development,International journal of refrigeration 19(1996) 61-69. [3] B. A.Akash, S.A. Said, Assessment of LPG as a possible alternative toR-12 in domestic refrigerators. Energy conversion and Management 44(2003) 381-388. [4] Y. S. Lee, C. C. Su, Experimental studies of isobutene (R600a) asrefrigerant in domestic refrigeration system. Applied ThermalEngineering 22 (2002) 507-519. [5] B. Tashtoush, M. Tahat, M. A. Shudeifat. Experiment study of newrefrigerant mixtures to replace R12 in domestic refrigerator. AppliedThermal Engineering 22 (2002) 495-506.

Abstract: Drying is an essential process in the preservation of agricultural products. Drying preserves foods by removing enough moisture from food to prevent decay and spoilage. Drying of foods, the key is to remove moisture as quickly as possible at a temperature that does not seriously affect the flavor, texture and color of the food. Various drying methods are employed to dry different agricultural products. In present work local made solar dryer is used which is modified in form of vents for natural air flow in dryer and also platform constructed, which is made up of galvanized wire mesh which allow the free flow of air around the product by natural circulation.

[1] Adom, K.K., Dzogbefia, V.P. and Ellis, W.D. (1997), Effect of drying time and slice thickness on the solar drying of okra, Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 73(3), 315-320. [2] Ajao, K.R. and Adegun, I.K. (2009), "Performance evaluation of a locally fabricated mini cassava flash dryer", Journal of Agricultural Technology, Vol.5, pp.281-289 [3] Arinze, E.A. (1985a), "Design and simulation of a solar energy crop drying and thermal storage system", Nigeria Journal of Solar Energy, Vol.4, pp.36-52 [4] Arinze, E.A. (1985b), "Design and performance evaluation of a commercial size natural convection solar crop dryer", Nigeria Journal of Solar Energy, Vol.4, pp.106-115 [5] Arun S. Mujumdar & Chung Lim Law "Drying Technology: Trends and Applications in Postharvest Processing‟ Food Bioprocess Technol (2010) 3:843–852.

Abstract:In Sheet metal forming process materials undergo permanent deformation by cold forming to produce a variety of complex three dimensional shapes. The process is carried out in the plane of sheet by tensile forces with high ratio of surface area to thickness. High rate of production and formability is determined by its mechanical properties. Methods of sheet metal processes such as stretching, shearing, blanking, bending, deep drawing, redrawing are introduced. Variables in sheet forming process were discussed together with formability and test methods. Defects occurring during the forming process will be emphasized. The solutions to such defect problems will also be given. the detailed of literature review is presented in this paper corresponding to the metal forming processes and the various methods used for the analysis and optimization for defect free process are explained. As lots of research is going in the field of material forming a systematic literature review based on the optimization technique and analysis is presented in the paper.

Yudieski Bernal,Aguilar, José Roberto Marty, Delgado, Celestine Okoye- Nwoye, Edel Hernández Santana, Ediel Hernández Santana, Control of critical parameters for square cup deep drawing of AISI 304 DDQ using genetic algorithm, Ingeniería Mecánica. L.Venugopal, M.J. Davidson, N. Selvaraj, Analysis of tube end forming process using Taguchi design of experiments, Davidson et al. / Usak University Journal of Material Sciences 2 (2012) 137 – 145.

Abstract: The problem has taken from a steel making industry which is situated at Wardha, Nagpur. There is a furnace in the shed where smoke is generated and some smoke is passed through the duct and removed by the blower, situated at the base of the chimney but remaining smoke is moving inside the furnace. Due to this, the workers in the shed were not working properly or even they could not see towards each other. A model similarly with the physical shed has designed by work bench. This model mainly covers the analysis of smoke movement, distribution of shed temperature, pressure, and calculation of mass flow and capacity of blower. Results predicted by the model are compared with the experimental results by NPFA charts.

NFPA 92B, Guide for smoke management systems in malls, atria and large areas, National Fire. -J.H. Klote and J. Milke, Design of smoke management systems, ASHRAE Publications 90022 (1992). Protection Association, Quincy, MA, USA (1995).Fire engineering guidelines, 1st edition, Fire Codes Reform Centre Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia(1996).