iosr-JMCE   International Conference on RECENT TRENDS IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract: The experimental setup is find the heat transfer rating and system performance. The triple tube heat exchanger consist of three tube in various diameters as connect to concentric method and the circular fins are fix in over the pipe. This fins are arranged in vertically to the circumference of the outer tube and the circular fins are located in periodic distance. Hot and cold fluids are enters opposites direction. Hot fluid flow in the inside of the tube and cold fluid flow to outside of the tube. The coolant fluid flow to the middle of tube only. These fluids are regulated as laminar flow in all inside of the tubes. This type flow is to increase the effectiveness of heat transfer rating with compact size. The experimental setup is used calculate the convective and conduction heat transfer of the tubes and fins of the heat exchanger. This arrangement is especially used to reduce the distance of tube length and to increase the heat transfer of this arrangement.
Key Words: Triple tube, Hot and cold fluids, circular fins and effectiveness.

[1] Elenbaas W. 1942. Heat dissipation of parallel plates by free convection. Physica. 9: 1-28
[2]. Guvenc A. and Yuncu H. 2001. An experimental investigation on performance of fins on a vertical base in free convection heat transfer. Sprigler-Verlag Heidelberg, Heat and Mass Transfer. 37: 409-416.
[3]. Leung C.W and Probert S.D. 1997. Heat- exchanger performance: influence of gap width between consecutive vertical rectangular fin arrays. Applied Energy. 56: 1-8.
[4]. Nancy D. Fitzroy. 1971. Optimum spacing of fins cooled by free convection. Transactions of the ASME Journal of Heat Transfer. pp. 462-466.
[5]. Rammohan Rao and Venkateshan S. P. 1996. Experimental study of free convection and radiation in horizontal fin arrays. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 39: 779-789.
[6]. Saikhedkar N.H. and Sukhatme S. P. 1981.Heat transfer from rectangular cross-sectioned vertical fin arrays. Proceedings of the sixth National Heat and Mass Transfer Conference. HMT: 9-81.
[7]. Sobhan C.B.,Venkateshan S.P and Seetharamu K.N. 1989. Experimental analysis of unsteady free convection heat transfer from horizontal fin arrays. Warme- und Stoffubertragung, Springer-Verlag. 24: 155-160.
[8]. Sparrow E.M and Vemuri S.B. 1985. Natural convection - radiation heat transfer from highly populated pin-fin arrays. ASME J. Heat Transfer. 107: 190-197.
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Abstract: Sustainable is the future which develops new techniques which reduce the environmental impact of manufacturing. Sustainability is more important in today's society due to the increasing demand for a more eco-friendly population. Vortex tube is a sustainable tool used for spot cooling, which does not require any refrigerant and electricity. Vortex tubes are maintenance free which does not require any maintenance. This work will optimize the parameter of the tube for increasing the cooling temperature. Different vortex tube with varying length by CFD analysis. The optimum cold end diameter (dc) and the length to diameter (L/D) ratios and optimum parameters for obtaining the minimum cold gas temperature are obtained through CFD analysis. The importance for this work is to show the vortex tube is alternative and sustainable tool for spot cooling in machining operation by analysing the performance of vortex tube with different profile, length and diameter ratio of vortex tube and cold orifice diameter and hot outlet area using CFD tool.
Keywords: —Sustainability; Vortex tube, Energy separation, CFD module, modified design

[1] "Experimental investigation of energy separation in a counter flow Ranque Hilsch vortex tube with multiple inlet snail entries ," Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 637–643, 2010.
[2] N. F. Aljuwayhel, G. F. Nellis, and S. A. Klein, "Parametric and internal study of the vortex tube using a CFD model " vol. 28, pp. 442–450, 2005.
[3] R. Liew, J. C. H. Zeegers, J. G. M. Kuerten, and W. R. Michalek, "Maxwell ' s Demon in the Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube," vol. 054503, no. August, pp. 3–6, 2012.
[4] Y. Xue, M. Arjomandi, and R. Kelso, "The working principle of a vortex tube Tube vortex : principe de fonctionnement," Int. J. Refrig., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1730–1740, 2013.
[5] N. Pourmahmoud and A. R. Bramo, "THE EFFECT OF L / D RATIO ON THE TEMPERATURE SEPARATION," vol. 6, no. January, pp. 60–68, 2011.
[6] H. M. Skye, G. F. Nellis, and S. a. Klein, "Comparison of CFD analysis to empirical data in a commercial vortex tube," Int. J. Refrig., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 71–80, Jan. 2006.
[7] R. S. Maurya and K. Y. Bhavsar, "Energy and Flow Separation in the Vortex Tube : A Numerical Investigation," pp. 25–32, 2013.

Abstract: Natural fiber reinforced composites is an emerging area in polymer science. These natural fibers are stumpy cost fibers with low density and high specific properties. These are eco-friendly and non-abrasive. The natural fiber composites suggestion specific properties comparable to those of conventional fiber composites. Still, in development of these composites, the unsuitability of the fibers and poor resistance to moisture often reduce the potential of natural fibers and these draw backs become critical issue. These methods utilize finite element analysis techniques, together with experimental results, to detect damage. They locate and estimate damage events by comparing dynamic responses between damaged and undamaged structures. This paper reviews the various techniques of vibration analysis on natural fiber composites are finite element method, numerical simulations, frequency and time domain method, graphic technique and mathematical formula, etc.
Keywords :Finite Element Method, Mathematical Formulations, Natural fibers, Vibration analysis

[1] N. Rajini, J. W. Jappes, S. Rajakarunakaran and P. Jeyaraj, Mechanical and free vibration properties of montmorillonite clay dispersed with naturally woven coconut sheath composite, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 31, 2012, 1364-1376.
[2] J. Yang, J. Xiong, L. Ma, B. Wang, G. Zhang and L. Wu, Vibration and damping characteristics of hybrid carbon fiber composite pyramidal truss sandwich panels with viscoelastic layers, Composite Structures, 106, 2013, 570-580.
[3] S.-C. Choi, J.-S. Park and J.-H. Kim, Vibration control of pre-twisted rotating composite thin-walled beams with piezoelectric fiber composites, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 300, 2007, 176-196.
[4] S. Panda and M. Ray, Active control of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded laminated composite plates using piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 325, 2009, 186-205.
[5] P. Jeyaraj, N. Ganesan and C. Padmanabhan, Vibration and acoustic response of a composite plate with inherent material damping in a thermal environment, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 320, 2009, 322-338.
[6] S. Kapuria and M. Yasin, Active vibration suppression of multilayered plates integrated with piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites using an efficient finite element model, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 329, 2010, 3247-3265.
[7] D. I. Chortis, N. A. Chrysochoidis, D. S. Varelis and D. A. Saravanos, A damping mechanics model and a beam finite element for the free-vibration of laminated composite strips under in-plane loading, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 330, 2011, 5660-5677.
[8] E. Sarlin, Y. Liu, M. Vippola, M. Zogg, P. Ermanni, J. Vuorinen, et al., Vibration damping properties of steel/rubber/composite hybrid structures, Composite Structures, 94, 2012, 3327-3335.

Abstract: Most of the manufacturing industries are using Turning Process as their main Machining Technique. Tool Wear is a foremost problem for all the manufacturers while machining INCONEL 718 (IN 718) which is a Nickel based alloy. It is one of the hardest materials which is used in high temperature, corrosive and reactive eras. IN 718 is subjected to turning process in all situation most of the time in industries. The present paper attempts to investigate the new cooling approach of using Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) while turning IN 718. Predominant Turning Factors like Cutting Speed, Feed Rate, Depth of Cut, etc., are simultaneously optimized during the investigation. Taguchi Optimization Technique is selected as the optimization tool for the effective experimentation. The effective experimentation finally gave good results for the attempt.
Keywords :Turning, Coolant, Cryogenic Cooling, Optimization, Tool Tip Temperature, Cutting force, Cryo gun.

[1] Ezugwu, E., Bonney, J., and Yamane, Y., ―An overview of the machinability of aeroengine alloys,‖ Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 134, no. 2, pp. 233-253, 2003.
[2] Arunachalam, R. and Mannan, M. A., ―Machinability of nickel-based high temperature alloys,‖ Machining Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 127-168, 2000.
[3] Dhar, N. R., Paul, S. and Chattopadhyay, A. B., ―The influence of cryogenic cooling on tool wear, dimensional accuracy and surface finish in turning AISI 1040 and E4340C steels,‖ Wear, vol. 249, no. 1, pp. 932-942, 2002.
[4] Leskovar, P. and Grum, J., ―The metallurgical aspects of machining,‖ Ann. CIRP, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 537- 550. 1986.
[5] Tonshoff, H. K., and Brinkomeier, ―Determination of the mechanical and thermal influences on machined surface by microhardness and residual stress analysis,‖ Ann. CIRP, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 519-532, 1986.
[6] Shaw, M. C., Pigott, J. D., and Richardson, L.P., ―Effect of cutting fluid upon chip–tool interface temperature,‖ Trans. ASME, vol. 71 no. 2 pp. 45–56, 1951.
[7] Merchant, M. E., ―The physical chemistry of cutting fluid action,‖ Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 3, no. 4A, pp. 179–189, 1958Preprint.

Abstract: There is a huge demand for Aluminium matrix based composites (AMC) as they offer high specific strength and wear resistance as compared to pure Aluminium. In this study the densification effect of tungsten carbide (WC) particulate reinforcement in the Aluminium (Al) matrix was investigated. The Al composite was prepared by P/M process with tungsten carbide particulate of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% on mass fraction basis. The preforms were prepared for the aspect ratios of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0. The theoretical density of the preforms was calculated using rule of mixture. Compaction was carried out in UTM machine by applying load of 80 to 98KN. The preforms were sintered at 640OC for 60 minutes in a muffle furnace. The densities of the sintered samples were measured using Archimedes principle. The measured values were plotted for unreinforced Aluminium and the composite preforms. The experiment indicated that increase in WC particulate increases density of the preforms and a relative density of 93.73% is achievable. For aspect ratio 0.5 the progress in densification is linear indicating further densification is possible with addition of WCp more than 10%.
Keywords - Al composites, metal matrix composites, Tungsten carbide, Densification, Powder Metallurgy

[1] Manoj Singla, D. Deepak Dwivedi, Lakhvir Singh, Vikas Chawla - Development of Aluminium Based Silicon Carbide Particulate
[2] S.Das-Development of Aluminium alloy composites for engineering applications
[3] Neelima Devi. C, Mahesh.V, Selvaraj. N- Mechanical characterization of Aluminium silicon carbide composite.
[4] M K Surappa-Aluminium matrix composites: Challenges and opportunities
[5] Hari Prasada Rao Pydi, Balamurugan Adhithan, A.Syed Bava Bakrudeen Microstructure Exploration of the Aluminium-Tungsten Carbide Composite with different Manufacturing circumstances
[6] K. K. Chawla-On the Applicability of the "Rule-of-Mixtures" to the Strength Properties of Metal-Matrix Composites
[7] Jeevan V, Rao CSP, Selvaraj N-Compaction, Sintering and mechanical properties of Al-SiCp composites
[8] N.Vijay Ponraj, Dr.G.Kalivarthan-Densification and deformation behaviour of sintered powder metallurgy copper-7% Tungsten composite during cold upsetting
[9] T. Pieczonka, T. Schubert, S. Baunack, B. Kieback- Sintering Behaviour of Aluminium in Different Atmospheres
[10] A. Gökçe, F. Findik - Mechanical and physical properties of sintered Aluminium powders

Abstract:Combustion chamber being an integral part of a Gas Turbine Engine has been studied in depth. The successful Combustion chamber design involves a complex coupling of aerodynamics, thermodynamics and chemical kinetics of reaction. There are various parameters which decide the successful design of combustion chamber, one of them is the exit profile factor or pattern factor. The exit temp profile directly decides the life of the turbine blade and hence the overall engine life, thus it's an important parameter to be studied. In the present study we will consider three different designs with modification being implemented, based on the result of the previous case and towards better exit temperature profile. Thus in each step we will try to optimize the temperature profile at the exit. CFD tool will be extensively being use for studying this purpose.
Keywords- Combustor, Pattern Factor, GAMBIT, FLUENT (CFD).

[1] Dr. C. Badarinath. 'Development of aero gas turbine annular combustor: an Overview'-Combustion group, GTRE, Bangalore-93
[2] Dr. S. A. Channiwala, Mr. Kamlesh Chaudhari &Mr. Saurabh Dikshit. (2008) 'Design, Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigations on Can-Annular Type Combustion Chamber for 20 kW Gas Turbine Engine', International Journal of Dynamics of Fluids -ISSN 0973-1784 Volume 4, Number 2, pp. 175–189
[3] D.S.Crocker, D.Nicklaus, C.E.Smith. (1999) 'Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power', 121:89
[4] Despierre, P.J. Stuttaford, P.A. Rubini. (1997) 'Gas turbine combustor design using genetic algorithms', Int. Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, Florida, ASME Paper 97-GT-72
[5] Hukam Mongia, Cincinnati, Sundar Krishnaswami and PSVS Sreedhar (2007) 'Comprehensive Gas Turbine Combustion Modeling Methodology', International Aerospace CFD Conference, Pari
[6] B.E.Launder and D.B.Spalding (1974) 'The numerical computation of Turbulent flows', Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 3,269-289
[7] P.Di Martino, G.Cinque,A.Terlizzi (2003) '9th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems', Sorrento, Ita

Abstract: Grey Cast Iron and AlSi alloy are the more commonly used materials for cylinder liner applications in automobiles. With the upcoming need for an efficient utilization of fuel resources and alternate fuel resources, there is a subsequent need for the improvement of surface properties as well as to reduce the engine weight. Hard Chromium coatings exhibit attractive properties such as high hardness and excellent wear resistance and have been widely used in the automotive, aerospace and manufacturing industries. The main limitation is that chromium coatings are not environmentally friendly coating and thus replacements are sought. In this paper, the potential of WC based coating deposited on AlSi Alloy and Grey Cast Iron using HVOF (High velocity oxygen fuel) coating have been discussed. The role of surface flattening behavior of these materials by WC based coating is also discussed. The thickness of the coating was measured using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). A significant improvement in the hardness was noted as a better surface behavior which was measured using Vickers micro hardness. .
Keywords : HVOF Coatings, WC based Coatings, Cylinder Liner materials, Surface flattening behvi

[1] K. Holmberg, P. Andersson and A. Erdemir, Global energy consumption due to friction in passenger cars, Tribology International, 47, 2012, 221-234.
[2] European Aluminium Association, "The Aluminium Automotive Manual," 2002. [Online]. Available: http://www.alueurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/AAM-Applications-Power-train-3-Cylinder-linings.pdf
[3] S. Flor, Beitrag zum Verschleißverhalten von plasmagespritzten Zylinderlaufflachen im Diesel-Motorbetrieb, Ph.D. thesis, University Dortmund, 2003.
[4] A. Skopp, N. Kelling, M. Woydt and L. M. Berger, Thermally sprayed titanium suboxide coatings for piston ring/cylinder liners under mixed lubrication and dry-running, Wear, 262, 2007, 1061–1070.
[5] S. Houdkova, F. Zahalka, M. Kasparova and L.M Berger, Comparative Study of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Under Different Types of Wear Conditions for Hard Chromium Replacement, Tribology, 43, 2011, 139-154.
[6] B. Gerard, Application of thermal spraying in the automobile industry, Surface and Coatings Technology, 201, 2006, 2028-2031.
[7] M. Terheci, R. R. Manory and J.H Herder, The friction and wear of automotive grey cast iron under dry sliding conditions Part 1 -relationships between wear loss and testing parameters, Wear, 180, 1995, 73-78.
[8] J. Michalski and P. Wos, The effect of cylinder liner surface topography on abrasive wear of piston–cylinder assembly in combustion engine, Surface and Coatings Technology, 271, 2011, 582–589.
[9] J. A. Charles, F. A. A Crane and J. A. G Furnes, Selection and Use of Engineering Materials, (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford: Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd, 1997).
[10] G. Bolelli, L. Lusvarghi and M. Barletta, HVOF-sprayedWC–CoCr coatings on Al alloy: Effect of the coating thickness on the tribological properties, Wear, 267, 2009, 944-953.

Abstract: Today, globalization has become a reality. Advances in the field of information and technology and liberalization in trade and investment have increased the ease and speed with which companies can manage their global operations. Due to globalization, many companies are now operating in more than one country. This crossing of geographical boundaries by the companies gives the birth of multicultural organization where employees from more than one country are working together. It may be true that companies are finding these expansions as attractive and lucrative but operating and managing a global business is normally a lot tougher than managing a local company. The global business is affected by a number of factors like differences in- socio, economic, cultural, legal and political environments. The global business is also prone to a number of risks like political risk, currency risk, cross-cultural risks etc... Human resources are required to perform at all operational levels across all business units be it domestic or global. In such circumstances, the risk of cross cultural discrepancies is inevitable. The aim of this paper is to find out these discrepancies and then suggest some effective solutions to manage effectively the cross cultural aspect of human resources for the success of global business.
Key words: cross-culture, globalization, global business, expansion, diversity

[1] Cavusgil , S.T., Gary Knight, John Riesenberger , Management & the new realities (Student Value Edition (3rd Edition) (page 124-157, 2007))
[2] Cullen, J.B. and K.P. Parboteeah, Multinational management: a strategic approach (South Western Publisher, USA, 2008)
[3] Davis, Keith & John W Newstorm, Human Behavior at work (McGraw Hill International Editions (8th Edition))
[4] http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~asuomca/diversityinit/definition.html [online]
[5] http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-diverse-culture-work-force-18441.html [online]
[6] http://useconomy.about.com/od/suppl1/g/Cultural-Diversity.htm [online]
[7] Kundu, S C, Managing cross-cultural diversity a challenge for present and future organizations, The Journal of Delhi Business Review Vol. 2, No. 2, July - December 2001
[8] Fred Luthans, Organisation behaviour (Tenth Edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishing House 2005 (page 44-112))

Abstract: This paper presents information about the recent trends in knowledge management and explains how the knowledge plays a major role in decision making and sustaining competitive advantage. Knowledge is currently considered as the most important strategic resource as it allows transforming knowledge from one organization to another in various disciplines. It focuses on two basic approaches viz, tacit and explicit knowledge for the growth of an organization. The sharing of knowledge is made easy through Enterprise 2.0, providing platform for the employees to get organized and share their expertise. As the amount of data continues to grow rapidly, semantics aims at finding effective ways of capturing and making use of informal communication. It explains how the administration is done with the aid of people through E-Governance. It also focuses on E-Office which provides simplified, effective and transparent working to all government offices. Then focusing on the most recent trend of knowledge management is National Knowledge Network. It allows students and researchers to move towards a new paradigm of education and research based on virtual platform. A winning knowledge management techniques increases decision making, staff productivity and service quality by capitalizing on intellectual and knowledge based assets.
Keywords - Database, explicit knowledge, knowledge base, Knowledge management, tacit knowledge

[1] Davenport, Thomas H. and Prusak, Laurence. Working Knowledge. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
[2] Sadagopan.S Management Information System, PHI Learning pvt, Ltd., 1997.
[3] Robert Buckman, Building a Knowledge Driven Management, Mc-Graw Hill, 2004.
[4] Bryan Bergerson, Essentials of Knowledge Management, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.

Abstract: Media Filters are primarily used to separate suspended particles, river silt and other impurities from the water. It is used in Irrigation and in Sewage water treatment. It has a robust fabrication with quality and precision. Media Filters provide a fixed material on which a thin biological film is established by organisms in colonies growing on the surface of the media as wastewater passes through the bed. These filters are used for fine sifting the water. These filters are capable of handling high volume of flow up to 60,000 lit per hour. However they can be connected with help of header assemblies for more volume of flow. So the need arises to control their operation automatically with the help of advance in technology. Backwash operation is manual for the filter. We propose to use Pressure transmitter, electrically operated valves, Microcontroller and timer for the operation for backwash operation. Pressure transmitters are used for two pressure input at inlet and outlet. By setting a microcontroller we can measure ΔP. If the value of ΔP is larger than specified value of designer, then a sequence of valves operate backwash mechanism. In backwashing of a filter the flow of water is reversed in opposite direction.
Keywords— Media Filter Backwash, Irrigation, Automation, Microcontroller.

Journal Papers:
[1] C.S.B. Fitzpatrick, "Water Science and Technology", Volume 38, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 105-111
[2] Ted Loudon, Terry R. Bounds, James C. Converse, John Buchanan, "University Curriculum Developmentfor Decentralized Wastewater Management", National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, September 2003.
Books:
[3] "Mechatronics", Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Third Edition, Pearson .
[4] "Metrology & Measurement", Tata McGraw-Hill Publication, Anand K. Bewoor, Vinay K. Kulkarni, 2010.
[5] "A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics", 1st Edition, Dr. R. K. Bansal, Laxmi Public

Abstract: The construct of emotional intelligence was introduced to the academic and was put onto public by [1] and [2] after which it started gaining its importance to understand how management can use it efficiently for improving the quality of human resources in various organizations. The industries were no more, once it used to be and the necessity of Emotional Intelligence for the employees is the need of the hour. The main purpose of this paper is to study the impact of emotional intelligence on work performance. If the employees know their own emotion and are able to manage them effectively, they can work more efficiently and be more productive to the organization. Employees will also recognize and appreciate others colleagues. Emotionally intelligent people are highly satisfied from their jobs. The components of Emotional Intelligence like Self Awareness, Self Management, Relationship Management, and Social Awareness were considered to analyze the potency of Emotional intelligence of the employees. A single individual can collapse the emotion of a group and similarly the single individual can also convey how one can effectively manage one's emotions to a group of audience. The other factors that affect job performance is relations and communication between management and employees. After reviewing the literatures it has been found that Emotional intelligence is positively correlated with the work performance. A healthy relationship between management and employees also lead to increase in employee's performance and thereby leading to enhancing organization commitment. In order to improve administrative performance and practices it is necessary to develop Emotional Intelligence competencies in persons. The present paper is conceptual, analytical paper may provide more accurate results according to variables measurement. The emotional intelligence constraints are also important for organization productivity, social awareness, self-management and self-awareness. It was finally found that, it was effective personal competencies which plays a vital role in emotional intelligence, leads to job satisfaction, that lead to organizational commitment that further leads to reduction in turnover intention, thereby enhancing the value and efficiency of the human resources. The conclusions and associations of the research discussed were with reference to the previous findings.
Keywords - Emotional Intelligence; Work Performance; Job Performance; Organizational Commitment; Turnover Intention

[1] Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
[2] Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9 (3), 185 – 211.
[3] Goleman, D. (1998). Working with Emotional Intelligence, New York: Bantam Books.
[4] Kierstead, J. (1999) Human resource management trends and issues: Emotional intelligence (EI) in the workplace. Research Directorate, Policy Research and Communications Branch, Public Service Commission Branch, Public Service Commission of Canada. Available at: http://www.psccfp.gc.ca/research/personnel/ei_e.htm.
[5] Bhalla, S. and Nauriyal, D. K. (2004) Emotional intelligence: The emergency paradigm in personnel dynamics. Psychological Studies 49, 2, 97-106.
[6] Tiwari, P. S. N. & Srivastva, N. (2004) Schooling and development of emotional intelligence. Psychological Studies 49, 2-3, 151-154.
[7] Amabile, T. M. (1990). Within you, without you: The social psychology of creativity, and beyond. Chapter in M. A. Runco & R. S. Albert (Eds.), Theories of creativity. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
[8] Gaynor, J. L. R. & Runco, M. A. (1992) Family size, birth order, age-interval, and the creativity of children. Journal of Creative Behavior 26, 108-118.
[9] Hasirci, D. & Demirkan, H. (2003) Creativity in learning environments: the case of two, six grade art rooms. Journal of Creative Behavior 37, 17-41.
[10] Torrance, E. P. (1966) Torrance Tests of Creative thinking: Norms and Technical Manual. ETS, Princeton, New Jersey.

Abstract: The main objective of lean manufacturing is to provide the best possible service/product to the customers through the elimination of all forms of waste, it requires a continuous improvement process in which employees are capable of detecting and effectively solving problems swiftly. It also requires an extremely stable production system. Organizations are choosing lean production with the ultimate aim of reducing overall operating cost to barely minimum. Applying the lean manufacturing technique in Small Scale Ice Cream manufacturing company and with the help of value stream mapping (VSM) as a prime tool, the company's current state will be analyzed so to detect any non-value adding processes termed as waste. Future state VSM is developed by eliminating all the non-value added process from entire production line.Study will be carried out on production lines and how information are distributed across the entire company from suppliers to the customers and the way forward to achieve the aim of operating on lean.
Index Terms: Lean, small scale ice cream manufacturing, VSM

[1] D. Sukumar, "Out–line of Dairy Technology", Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India, 1980.
[2] R. T. Marshall, H. D. Goff, and R. W. Hartel, "in Ice Cream", 6th ed. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York, 2003, pp. 1–5, 11, 44, 171, 173, 241, 250, 305, and 309.
[3] A. Badurdeen, "Lean Manufacturing Basic", 2009, pp. 7-60.
[4] A. A. Flores, and H. D. Goff, "Ice crystal distributions in dynamically frozen model solutions and ice cream as affected by stabilizers", Journal of Dairy Science, Vol.82 No.7, pp. 1399–1407, 1999.
[5] J. R. Buyck, R. J. Baer and J. Choi J, "Effect of storage temperature on quality of light and full-fat ice cream", Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 94 No.5, pp. 2213–2219, 2011.
[6] U. K. Dubey and C. H. White, "Ice Cream Shrinkage: A Problem for the Ice Cream Industry", Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 80 No. 12, pp. 3439-3444, 1997.
[7] M. Anjum Murtaza, G. Mueen Ud Din, Nuzhathuma, M. Asim Shabbir and Shahid Mahmood, "Quality Evaluation of Ice Cream Prepared with Different Stabilizers/Emulsifier Blends", "International Journal Of Agriculture & Biology", Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 65–67, 2004.
[8] J.P. Womack. and D.T. Jones, "Lean thinking: banish waste and create wealth in your corporation", Simon & Schuster, New York, 1996.
[9] D.P. Hobbs, "Lean manufacturing implementation: a complete execution manual for any size manufacturer", J. Ross Publishing, Boca Raton, 2004.
[10] R. J. Schonberger, "Japanese Manufacturing Techniques", Nine Hidden Lessons in Simplicity, The Free Press, pp. 15-20, 1982.