iosr-JMCE   International Conference on RECENT TRENDS IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract: Productivity improvement is very important factor for a firm to survive and to achieve breakthroughs. The work carried out deals with enhancing productivity in shoe making industry. Being a tough competitor and to be distinct from competitors the firm has to increase productivity to meets its customer requirements. The production process does not have efficient work procedure and workers are affected by unwanted fatigue, so the industry not able to improve productivity. Thus, the purpose of this work is to propose improvement areas in the industry to improve its productivity by analyzing the problems associated with it. Identified problems were solved by using method study principles. Improvement was achieved by reducing the cycle time, combining the workstations and reducing the worker's fatigue.
Key Words: Flow process chart, method study, plant layout, productivity and shoe making.

Journal Papers:
[1]. Mayank Dev Singh, Shah Saurabh K, Patel Sachin B, Patel Rahul, "To improve productivity by using work study and design a fixture in small scale industry", International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering 2319 – 3182, Volume-1, Issue-2, 2012.
[2]. Khalid S. Al-Saleh, "Productivity improvement of a motor vehicle inspection station using motion and time study techniques",. Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences (2011) 23, 33–41.
[3]. Hannu Rantanen,‟‟ Internal obstacles restraining productivity improvement in small Finnish industrial enterprises", Int. J. Production Economics 69 (2001) 85-91.
Books:
[4]. R.Paneerselvam, Production and operations management (Third Edition, Feb 2012, New Delhi, Published by AsokeK.Ghosh).
[5]. International LabourOffice, Introduction to Work Study( First Indian edition-2010).
Proceedings Papers:
[6]. Marri and GhulamYasinShaikh, "The role of productivity improvement tools and techniques in the textile sector during manufacturing ",.Procedings of the 2012 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Istanbul, Turkey, July3-6,2012.

Abstract: Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) are hybrid materials consisting of alternating layers of thin metal sheets and composite layers. GLARE is the best known example of these laminates and is applied in the Aircraft application. Aiming this objective, new lightweight FML has been developed. The moisture absorption in FML composites is slower when compared with polymer composites. In this article three type of orientation were taken such as 4/3 layer of Chopped Strand Mat (CSM), 4/3 layer of woven roving, and 4/3 layer of 450 stitched mat and corresponding Tensile and Flexural test had been taken and experimentation was performed. This laminates were obtained by hand layup technique. Specimens are cut off from wire cutting as per ASTM standards. Experimental work was conducted on computer controlled UTM such as AUTOGRAPH-50KN capacity for tensile and INSTRON-100KN capacity for flexural. From the experimental work, load vs. displacement and stress vs. strain graphs were plotted. It was revealed that the mechanical properties of 4/3 layer of 450 stitched mat had superior tensile and flexural strength than that of the other orientation.
Keywords: —Chopped Strand Mat (CSM), Fiber Metal Laminates (FML), Glass Fiber reinforced aluminium (GLARE), Tensile and flexural, woven roving, 450 stitched mat.

[1] Vogelesang, L.B.; Vlot, A. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, v. 103, p. 1-5, 2000.
[2] E.M. Castrodezaa, J.M. Rodrigues Touçaa, J.E. Perez Ipiñab, F.L. Bastiana Determination of CTODC in Fiber Metal Laminates by ASTM and Schwalbe Methods, Material Research vol 5, No. 2, 119 – 124, 2002.
[3] Abrate S. Impact on laminated composite materials. Appl Mech Rev 1991;44(4):155–89.
[4] Botelho EC, Silva RA, Pardini LC, Rezende MC. A review on the development and properties of continuous fiber/epoxy/aluminum hybrid composites for aircraft structures. Mater Res 2006; 9(3):247–56.
[5] Tamer Sinmazçelik et al. A review: Fiber metal laminates, background, bonding types and applied test methods. Materials and Design 32 (2011) 3671–3685
[6] B.M.Liaw, Y.X.liu and E.A.Vilars Impact damage mechanism in Fiber metal laminates Proceedings of the SEM annual conference on Experimental and applied mechanincs June 4-6, 2001, Portland, Oregon 536-539
[7] Y.X.Liu and B.M.Liaw, Drop weight impact on Fiber metal laminates using various indenters.Proceedings of SEM X International congress and Exposition on Experimental and Applied mechanics, Costa Meas, CA, June 7-10, 2004, Paper no 386.
[8] Prashanth Banakar,H.K.Shivananda and H.B.Niranjan, Influence of Fiber Orientation and Thickness on Tensile Properties of Laminated Polymer Composites Int.J.Pure Appl.sci. Technol., 9(1)(2012), pp. 61-68
[9] Krishnakumar, S., Fiber Metal laminates-the Synthesis of Metals and Composites, Material and Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 9, 1994, pp. 295-354.
[10] Wu, H. F., Wu, L. L., Use of Rule of Mixtures and Metal Volume Fraction for Mechanical Property Predictions of Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Laminates, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 29, No. 17, 1994, pp. 4583- 4591.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of self-lubricating composite materials with vibration suppression. Composite materials are prepared by using stir casting method with the combination of Aluminium alloy + 15 weight percentage of fly ash + 4 weight percentage of Graphite and Boron Nitride. Two specimens have to be prepared for plain bearing applications. The test rig setup consists of mild steel shaft driven by AC induction motor and plain bearing setup loaded by spring balance arrangements. The load on the bearing and time are the parameters. The bearing vibrations and temperature of matting surface are measured using Labview software. The result shows that a variation of vibration amplitude and temperature for two different combinations of specimens. Tribological properties of four plain bearings are to be evaluated by experimentation.
Keywords :Composite Materials, Plain Bearing, Labview, Vibration, Temperature

[1] S. V. Prasad and R. Asthana, "Aluminium metal-Matrix composite for automotive applications: tribological considerations," TribologyLetters, Vol. 17, No. 3, October 2004.
[2] Toshiyuki Saito, Takeshi Hosoe and Fumihiro Honda, "Chemical wear of sintered Si3N4, hBN and Si3N4-Hbn composites by water lubrication," Wear,247 (2001) 223- 230.
[3] C. S. Ramesh, R. Keshavamurthy, B. H. Channabasappa and S. Pramod, "Friction and wear behaviour of Ni-P coated Si3N4 reinforcedAl6061composites," Tribology International, 43 (2010), 623.
[4] K. Ravi Kumar, K. M. Mohanasundaram,G. Arumaikkannu and R. Subramanian, "Analysis of parameters influencing wear and frictional behaviour of aluminium-fly ash composites,"Tribology Transactions, 55: 723-729, 2012.
[5] Venkata Koteswara Rao Pasupuleti, Satish Kumar Kolluru and T. Blessingstone, "Effect of fiber on fly- Ash stabilized sub grade layer thickness,"International Journal of Engineering and Technology,Vol. 4 No. 3,June-July 2012.
[6] Lei Zhang, Jinkun Xiao and Kechao Zhou,"Sliding wear behavior of Silver-Molybdenum disulfide composite," Tribology Transactions, 55:473-480,2012.
[7] R. Serrato, et al., "Effect of lubricant viscosity grade on mechanical vibration of roller bearings" Tribology International 40, 1270–1275, 2007.
[8] Pratesh Jayaswal, et al., "Machine Fault Signature Analysis" International Journal of Rotating Machinery Volume 2008.
[9] Qinling Bi, Shengyu Zhu and Weimin Liu, "High Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials",Tribology in Engineering,vol-1, pp.109-133.
[10] Shukor, M. S, and Saifudin, H. Y., "properties determination of self-lubricating Al- graphite composites", Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Technology, Vol.4, 2010.

Abstract: This paper reports an investigated to evaluate the corrosive resisted characteristics of Zinc Phosphating coated mild steel. Phosphating is the process of dipping or immersing the oil seal made of cold rolled mild steel in the stock solution to resist the effects made by the engine such as corrosion resistance, rubber to metal bonding, abrasion etc. Now by making time study in the Hi Tech Arai Company, according to that the statistical tool used to quality and the process can be optimized. The influence of the phosphate processing parameters on the corrosion resistance of zinc phosphate conversion coatings and the optimization of the process are investigated using the Taguchi method. The pieces are tested by salt spray method, and the results are analysis the quality of the oil seals was improved. That's the tested material was investigated by SEM Analysis for optimization, which is used for purpose of achieving best designed components. The electrochemical corrosion method to corrosive rate of the Phosphate conversion coated material is analyzed. The aim of the present work is to control the iron concentration in the Phosphating bath in order to improve the quality and adhesive properties of zinc Phosphating coating on mild steel.
Keywords :Zinc Phosphate, corrosion resistance, electrochemical corrosion, Salt spray test, Taguchi method.

[1] M. Tamilselvi, Anticorrosive Performance of Zinc Phosphate Coatings on Mild Steel Developed Using Galvanic Coupling, 2012
[2] G.Y. Li, J.S. Lian, Growth of zinc phosphate coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy' Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, 2006
[3] S. Jegannathan, Formation of zinc phosphate coating by anodic electrochemical treatment Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2005
[4] Ta-Tung Chen, Shih-Tsung Ke, The Study on Optimizing the Zinc Phosphate Conversion Coating Process and Its Corrosion Resistance, National Defense University, 2006
[5] G. Grundmeier, B. Rossenbeck, Corrosion protection of Zn-phosphate containing water borne dispersion coatings, Institute for Iron Research, 2006
[6] Rami Hikmat Fouad, Statistical Process Control Tools: A Practical guide for Jordanian Industrial Organizations, Industrial Engineering, Hashemite University, Jordan, 2010
[7] Dr. Mohammed Hliyil Hafiz, Effect of Zinc Phosphating on Corrosion Control for Carbon Steel Sheets, Eng. & Technology, 2007, Vol.26.
[8] T. Sugama, L. E. Kukacka, Influence of the high temperature treatment of zinc phosphate conversion coatings on the corrosion protection of steel, Journal of materials science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA, 1991
[9] T. Sugama and J. Pak, Characteristics of Transition Metal-Adsorbed Anhydrous Zinc Phosphate Coatings as Corrosion Barriers for Steels, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 1991
[10] M. A. Zayed, Effect of Chemical Composition of Zinc Phosphating Solution on Phosphate Coating Properties, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, l26I3, 2009

Abstract: Modern portable electronic devices have seen component heat load increasing, while the space available for heat dissipation has decreased. This requires the thermal management system to be optimized to attain the high performance heat sink. Heat sinks plays a major role for dissipating heat in electronic devices. Phase change material (PCM) is used to enhance the heat dissipation in heat sink. This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of the performance of Pin fin heat sinks filled with phase change materials for thermal management of electronic devices. The experimental set ups are prepared with the graphical programming language with Lab VIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instruments for Engineering Workbench. Three different types of Pin fin Heat sink with and without PCM are investigated based on different operational timings and the temperature is acquired with the help of Data Acquisition Card (DAQ). The results indicated that the inclusion of the PCM could stabilize the temperature for a longer period and reduce the heating rates and peak temperatures of heat sink with increasing the number of fins can enhance the thermal performance of electronic devices.
Keywords - Heat sink, Phase change material (PCM), Thermal management, Electronic cooling.

[1] E.M. Alawadhi, C.H. Amon, Performance analysis of an enhancement conduction PCM thermal control unit, in: Seventh Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermo mechanical Phenomena in Electronic System, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 24-27, 2000.
[2] L. Fan, J.M. Khodadadi, Thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change materials for thermal energy storage: a review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (1) (2011) 24-46.
[3] S. Jegadheeswaran, S.D. Pohekar, Performance enhancement in latent heat thermal storage system: a review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (9) (2009) 2225-2244.
[4] Rajesh Baby, C. Balaji, Thermal optimization of PCM based pin fin heat sinks: An experimental study, Applied Thermal Engineering 54 (2013) 65-77.
[5] S. Krishnan, S.V. Garimella, S.S. Kang, A noval hybrid heat sink using phase change material for transient thermal management of electronics, Proceeding of 2004 Inter Society Conference on Thermal Phenomena (ITHER M04), 2004, pp. 310-318.
[6] Ravi Kandasamy, Xiang-Qi Wang, Arun S. Mujumdar, Application of phase change material in thermal management of electronics, Applied Thermal Engineering 27 (2007) 2822-2832.
[7] S.F. Hosseinizadeh, F.L. Tan, S.M. Moosania, Experimental and numerical studies on performance of PCM-based heat sink with different configurations of internal fins, Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (2011) 3827-3838.
[8] M. Hodes, R.D. Weinstein, J.M. Piccini, L Manzione, C. Chen, Transient thermal management of a handset using phase change material, J. Electron. Packag. (2002) 419-426.
[9] Saad Mahmoud, Aaron Tang, Chin Toh, Raya AL-Dadah, Sein Leung Soo, Experimental investigation of inserts configurations and PCM type on the thermal performance of PCM based heat sinks, Applied Energy xxx (2013) xxx-xxx.
[10] Maciej Jaworski, Thermal performance of heat spreader for electronics cooling with incorporated phase change material, Applied Thermal Engineering 35 (2012) 212-219.

Abstract: Desalination is a promising source for the water production in remote, arid to semi-arid, small communities, where fresh water is unavailable. The main objective of this research is to enhance the productivity of solar still economically. The experiment is carried out in a typical day in a melded climatic condition at Trichy (10°8050'N, 78°6856' E), Tamilnadu, India. The basin water depth is varied and the productivity of the still is studied. The performance of the setup is studied theoretically and experimentally. It proves higher yield when compared to the single basin double slope passive solar still. And when the basin water depth is maintained low the productivity of the still is higher.
Keywords-Desalination, Efficient, FPC, Optimal Cost, Solar Still etc...

[1] Tiwari.G.N, Vimal Dimri, Usha Singh, Arvind Chel, Bikash Sarkar, Comparative thermal performance evaluation of an active solar distillation system, IJER 31 (2007) 1465–1482.
[2] M. Sakthivel, S. Shanmugasundaram, Effect of energy storage medium (black granite gravel) on the performance of a solar still, Int. J. Energy Res. 32 (2008)
[3] S.A. Lawrence, G.N. Tiwari, Theoretical evaluation of solar distillation under natural circulation with heat exchanger, Energy Convers. Manage. 30 (1990) 205–213.
[4] H.N. Singh, G.N. Tiwari, Monthly performance of passive and active solar stills for different Indian climatic condition, Desalination 168 (2004) 145–150.
[5] V Velmurugan, K Srithar,Performance analysis of solar stills based on various factors affecting the productivity A review Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2), 1294-1304,2011
[6] V.K. Dwivedi, G.N. Tiwari.Experimental, validation of thermal model of a double slope active solar still under natural circulation mode Desalination 250 (2010) 49–55.
[7] T. Rajaseenivasan, K.Kalidasa Murugavel , T.Elango , R.SamuelHansen A review of different methods to enhance the productivity of the multi-effect solar still,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 17 (2013) 248–259.
[8] Eduardo Rubio-Cerda, Miguel A. Porta-Ga´ndara, Jose´ L. Ferna´ndez-Zayas. Thermal performance of the condensing covers in a triangular solar still, Renewable Energy 27 (2002) 301–308.
[9] Farshad Farahbod et al. Investigation of Solar Desalination Pond Performance Experimentally and Mathematically, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, December 2012, Vol. 134 / 041201-5, ASME.
[10] B.B. Sahooa, N. Sahoob, P. Mahantab, L. Borboraa, P. Kalitaa, U.K. Sahab, Performance assessment of a solar still using blackened surface and thermocol insulation, Renewable Energy 33 (2008) 1703–1708.

Abstract: Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a self-propagating wave in space or through transparent matter. EM radiation has an electric and magnetic field component which oscillate in phase perpendicular to each other and to the direction of energy propagation. Electromagnetic radiation includes radio waves, microwaves, terahertz radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x rays and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum extends from below the frequencies of radio waves at the long-wavelength end through gamma radiation at the short wavelength end. The Electro Magnetic Radiation generated by the electronic appliances such as desktop computers, laptops, personal grooming appliances, kitchen appliances, televisions, mobile phones and their towers, and their related health effects, reason for health effects along with the measures to reduce the radiation are proposed. Zero radiation emission cannot be achieved in the technological world. But by following safety measures protection from harmful radiation is possible.
Keywords : electromagnetic, mobile phone, television, laptop

[1]. Linda Luther (2010). Managing Electronic Waste: Issues with exporting e-Waste. Congressional research service.
[2]. Kurian Joseph (2007). Electronic Waste management in India –Issues and strategies. Eleventh International Waste management and Landfill symposium.
[3]. Phnom penh Municipality (2009). WEEE/E-Waste Management report. Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia.
[4]. M.D. Jalal Uddin (2012). Journal and Conference paper on (Environment) e-Waste Management. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering.
[5]. Georgios Gkaidatzis (2009). E-Waste Environmental Problem and Current Management. First Greek and Chinese forum on Environment.
[6]. Naturvardsverket (2011). Recycling and Disposal of Electronic Waste. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.
[7]. Susanne Dittke (2011). The Health and Environmental Impacts of e-Waste. Envirosense.
[8]. Ashwini Dakare and Ajay P. Thakare (2012). Recycling and Reusing the e-Waste. IJMIE.
[9]. Gupta Reena (2011). Electronic Waste: A Case study. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences.
[10]. Youssef. Chehade (2012). Recovery of Gold, Silver, Palladium and Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards. International Conference of Chemical, Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Abstract: The success of livestock farming is largely dependent on the continuous supply of good quality nutritious feeds at competitive price. Feed alone constitute about 60-70 per cent of total cost of production of livestock products. Therefore, it needs more attention though other factors are also important for remunerative return from livestock enterprises. RCM is a very useful tool in industries with strong constraints as regards users and safety, but in spite of being a standardize approach RCM can be adapted to particular constraints and requirements of the industry where it is applied. The concept of Reliability-Centred Maintenance (RCM) is applied to the Feed Processing Unit. The executing RCM workgroup includes an owner and operator of the analyzed Feed Plant, a maintenance service provider, a provider of condition-monitoring services and Feed Plant component supplier as well as researchers at academic. Combining the results of failure statistics and assessment of expert judgment, the analysis is focused on the most critical subsystems with respect to failure frequencies and consequences: the Hammer Mill, the Pellet Mill, the electrical system and the hydraulic system. The study provides the most relevant functional failures, reveals their causes and underlying mechanisms and identifies remedial measures to prevent either the failure itself or critical secondary damage. The study forms the basis for development of quantitative models for maintenance strategy selection and optimization, but may also provide a feedback of field experience for further improvement of Feed Plant design.
Keywords: Feed Processing, Reliability, Maintenance, RCM

Books:
[1] Charles E. Ebeling, "An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering", First Edn, Mc Graw-Hill, 1997.
Technical Reports:
[1] Fred Fairchild, "Preventive Maintenance for Feed Processing Facilities and Equipment", Department of Grain Size and Industry.
[2] Keith C. Bennke, "Feed Manufacturing Technology: Current Issues and Challenges", Kansa State University.
[3] Pilar Santacoloma, Alaxandra Rottger, Florence Tartance, "Business Management for Small Scale Agro-Industres", Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations, Rome, 2009.
[4] R.P.Kachru, "Agro-Processing Industries in India-Growth, Status and Prospects", Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
[5] Mark D. La Grange, "Feed Mill Production Feasibility Study for Southern Afghanistan", Chemonics International Inc, 2005.

Abstract: Career trajectories of Indians have undergone significant transformations over the last two decades. Of these, the career paths that modern Chennai women have chosen are both diverse and challenging. In this paper, study on the career paths of the Chennai women professional working in the IT industry is presented. The objective of the study was to understand the circumstances under which Chennai women professional decide to take a career break. The study was done on a cross domain sample of IT professional across Chennai City. It resulted in interesting insights into the myriad reasons for career breaks of women which could be broadly classified as cultural, social, structural, personal and job role specific. Based on the study policies which when exercised by IT employers and a women professional's ecosystem will help them stay on the career track even after break in their career.
Keywords - Career Break, Flexi time Work, Second Career Women and Women in IT

[1] Saundarya Rajesh and Karthik Ekambaram, "The Career Trajectories of Indian Women professionals in the IT Industry: An Empirical Study", International Journal of Social Science and Interdisciplinary Research, Vol.2, No.6, 2013, 84-97.
[2] Latha J and Markkandetan N, "A literature review on Work Life Balance (WLB) and Organisational Role Stress (ORS) among Women Information Technology (IT) professionals in India", International Conference on Emerging Paradigms in Management Research, Vol.II, 2014, 310-315.
[3] Balasubramanian Vimala and Chokalingam Madhavi, "A study on stress and depression experienced by women IT professionals in Chennai, India", Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2009, 81-91.
[4] Madhavi C and Vimala B, "A study on work related stress and work family issues experienced by women software professionals in Chennai", 3rd International Conference on Information and financial Engineering, Vol.12, 2011, 264-268.

Abstract: Water system includes a reciprocating pump operated by pedaling power. The pump set and includes a housing in which a foot pedal and drive shaft rotate an eccentric pin rotating with the drive shaft moves a connecting rod which in turn causes push rod to move linearly. The pushrod extends into a pressure tight chamber formed above the rising main. A pump rod connected to the push-rod extends to the conventional plunger through verified motion. Pumps are a common means of lifting water from a clean ground water source to a useful point of access, but all pumps have moving parts and are therefore destined to break proper selection of a pump will reduce undesirable downtime and will empower the local community to manage their water source. Here we use the foot pedal pump, powered by our legs instead of arms to lift the water from a depth range of seven meters. Throughout history human, energy has generally been applied through the use of the arms, hands, and back. With minor exceptions, it was only with the invention of the sliding-seat rowing shell, and particularly of the bicycle, that legs also began to be considered as a normal means of developing power from human muscles A person can generate four times more (1/4 horse power (hp)) by pedaling than by hand –cranking. At the rate of 1/4hp, continuous pedaling can be done for only short periods, about 10 minutes. However, pedaling at half this power (1/8 hp) can be sustained for around 60 minutes. The main use of pedal power today is still for bicycling at least in the high- power range (75 watts and above of mechanical power). In the lower-power range there are a number of use of pedal power for agriculture, construction, water pumping, and electrical generation that seem to be potentially advantages, at least when electrical or internal-combustion engine power is unavailable or very expensive.

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