iosr-JMCE   National Conference on Contemporary Approaches in Mechanical, Automobile and Building sciences-2014

Abstract: The job-shop scheduling is one of the useful techniques for solving optimization of problems. Flexible job-shop scheduling problem is an alternative tool of the job-shop problem that allows a process to be carried on by the machine from the given alternative ways. There are available many algorithms to solve the flexible job-shop scheduling problems. The aims are to minimize the overall completion time (makespan), the total workload of machines and the workload of the most loaded machine. It also minimizes the manufacturing cost. Genetic Algorithm and particle swarm optimization are implemented to solve the multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problem. Both are population based algorithm, we compare the performance of these algorithms to achieve an optimal or near optimal solution. It is concluded that the particle swarm optimization algorithm gives promising solutions. The excellence of solution achieved by particle swarm optimization algorithm is greater to that of the genetic algorithm, but the genetic algorithm takes shorter time to find a schedule solution.

Keywords: Flexible job-shop scheduling; Multi-objective optimization; Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm; Particle Swarm Optimization

[1]. Saidi-Mehrabad M, Fattahi P (2007) Flexible job shop scheduling with tabu search
[2]. Chen JC, Chen KH, WU JJ, Chen CW (2008)a study of the flexible job shop scheduling problem with parallel machines and reentrant process. Int J AdvManuftechnol 39(3-4):344-354
[3]. Li JQ, Pan QK, Suganthan, PN and Chua TJ (2011) A hybrid tabu search algorithm with an efficient neighborhood structure for the flexible job shop scheduling problem. Int J AdvManufTechnol 52:683-697
[4]. Wang X, Gao L, Zhang C and Shao X (2010) A multi-objective genetic algorithm based on immune and entropy principle for flexible job shop scheduling problem. Int J AdvManufTechnol 51:757-767
[5]. Xia WJ, Wu ZM (2005) An effective hybrid optimization approach for multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problems. ComputIndEng 48(2):409–425

Abstract: The In engineering design, a best possible design is achieved by comparing alternative design solutions by using previous problem information. Optimization algorithms provide systematic and efficient ways of creating and comparing new design solutions in order to achieve an optimal design. An optimum design is to minimize the various undesirable values and to maximize the most significant enviable effect. Optimization plays an imperative role in various engineering applications. In order to increase the design efficiency and get the most excellent design effect, in this paper a gear drive is considered as an application and novelty of the evolutionary algorithm evaluated through this gear drive. Gearbox is an universally used mechanical element in a variety of area likes automobiles, machine tools and aircrafts etc. The major problem for the mechanical engineer is in the field of design and innovation. Gearbox design can be defined as the selection of material and geometry, which satisfies individual and implied efficient requirements. In this paper, a two stage spur gear box is considered with maximization of power and efficiency, minimization of weight and centre distance as objective functions with design stresses as constraints. The above problem is optimized with a new population based evolutionary algorithm and results are compared with existing design.

Keywords : Artificial Immune System, Design Optimization, Evolutionary Algorithm, Gearbox design.

[1] Juan Carlos Herrera-Lozada, Hiram Calvo, and Hind Taud, "A Micro Artificial Immune System", Polibits no.43 México ene./jun. 2011.
[2] Jean-Luc Marcelin (2010), "Integrated Optimization of Mechanisms with Genetic Algorithms", Engineering, 2, 2010, 438-444.
[3] Lian, Yongsheng; Oyama, Akira; Liou, Meng-Sing, "Progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms for aerodynamic problems", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 5-6, 2010, 199–223.

Abstract: Power or energy production is improbable everywhere due to various factors. For assorted applications, people depending source of power.This shows the need of transmission of power. Considering power transmission of mechanical drives, mesh type of drives are largely used to maintain the velocity ratio. Among mesh type, gears transmitting the power by means of successive engagement of their teeth. Design of gears either by manually or using computers has become a highly convoluted and comprehensive subject. Therefore, this study present a new method of how the gears can be designed and detailed with computer, previously, highlighting the design process which involves prolong time. A reliable software package developed with a help of Visual Basic 6.0 (VB) provides significant saving time reduces its convolution.

Keywords: Power transmission, Design, Gear, Package, VB..

[1] J. O. Nordiana, S. O. Ogbeide, N. N. Ehigiamuose and F. I. Anyasi, "Computer Aided Design of a Spur Gear" Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2 (12):1743-1747, 2007.

[2] M. Varatharajulu and R. Rajendran, "Software Development in Design", CiiT International Journal of Software Engineering and Technology 2011 Vol. 3 (8), 366 – 371.

[3] Bhandari. V. B, "Design of Machine Elements", Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 1994

[4] Juvinall R. C., and Marshek K. M., "Fundamentals of Machine component Design", John Wiley and Sons, Third Edition, 2002.

[5] Maitra G.M., and Prasad L.V., "Hand book of Mechanical Design, II Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1985.

Abstract: Nowadays the automotive industry is facing various problems because of changing global scenario in terms of high quality expectation, reduced cost of production and increased productivity. All the companies are in the motive to solve these problems through the application of modern techniques. This project attempts to provide an effective solution for these problems through lean manufacturing techniques. The key objective of this project is to eliminate the wastes and cost of production and to increase the quality and productivity through shorter lead time and increased value added activities. This project deals with collection of the time taken for each processes and the bottleneck operations have been identified and a current state of value stream map was developed. The suggestions were made by identifying and implementing various improvements in processes, also to develop the future state value stream map for further improvements to achieve the objectives of this project.

Keywords: lean, taken time, value stream map, future state map

[1] O. Ram Mohan Rao 1*, Dr. K VenkataSubbaiah 2, Dr. K NarayanaRao 3, T SrinivasaRao ; Enhancing Productivity of hot metal in Blast furnace -A case study in an Integrated Steel Plant; O. Ram Mohan Rao et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) ISSN :

[2] Marcello BRAGLIA_, Gionata CARMIGNANI , Francesco ZAMMORI Dipartimento di IngegneriaMeccanica, Nucleare e dellaProduzione, Università di Pisa, A NEW VALUE STREAM MAPPING APPROACH FOR COMPLEX PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; International Journal of Production Research.

[3] S. P. Vendan *, K. Sakthidhasan; Reduction of Wastages in Motor Manufacturing Industry; Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Pages 579 - 590 Volume 4, Number 5, November 2010 ISSN 1995-6665.

[4] D. Rajenthirakumar*, P.V. Mohanram, S.G. Harikarthik, Department of Mechanical Engineering,PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore; Process Cycle Efficiency Improvement Through Lean: A Case Study; Issue 1 (June 2011 International Journal of Lean Thinking Volume 2,

[5] Yang-HuaLian, Hendrik Van Landeghem Department of Industrial Management Ghent University; an application of simulation and value stream mapping in lean manufacturing; Proceedings 14th European Simulation Symposium A. Verbraeck, W. Krug, eds. (c) SCS Europe BVBA, 2002. [7] LixiaChenSchool of Economics and Management, Changchun University of Science and Technology; The Application of Value Stream Mapping Based Lean Production System; International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No. 6; June 2010

Abstract: Pollution is one a major factor which affects the environment nowadays, resulting in green house effect and global warming. One way of increasing efficiency is by inducting oxygen into the combustion chamber since oxygen is a combustion enhancer the amount of oxygen entering into the combustion chamber if increased it would result in better engine performance and lower emissions. Oxygen can be inducted in the intake manifold by the help of an external source. This additional increase of air will affects all parameters of the engine like Brake power, emissions, and heat release but we are going to consider only Brake thermal efficiency and Oxygen in the exhaust. Load test was conducted on a compression Ignition engine for various concentration of oxygen from (21% to 27%) with an interval of 2%. This analysis shows better Brake thermal efficiency and better brake specific fuel consumption but led to a very high percentage of Oxygen in the exhaust and lower carbon monoxide (CO), hydro carbon(HC) emission..

Keywords : O2 exhaust, Brake thermal efficiency, Enriched oxygen intake, Diesel engine.

[1]. A Arrègle, J., López, J. J., García, J. M., and Fenollosa,C., "Development of a zero-dimensional diesel
combustion model. Part 1: analysis of the quasi steady diffusion combustion phase", appl. Thermal eng.,
Vol. 23, No. 11, 2003, pp. 1301–131.
[2]. Assians D.N. et al., Study of using oxygen-enriched combustion for locomotive diesel engine, Journal of
engineering for gas turbines and power Y.2001, vol.123,No.1.
[3]. Donahue, R. J. and Foster, D. E., "Effect of oxygen enhancement on the emission from DI diesel via
manipulation of fuel and combustion chamber gas composition", SAE paper, No. 2001-01-0512.
[4]. Song, J., Zello, V. and Boehman, A. L., "Comparison of the impact of intake oxygen enrichment and fuel
oxygenation on diesel particulate emissions", fuel chemistry division preprints, 2002.
[5]. Anand, R. and Mahalakshmi, N. V., "The effects of oxygen enrichment with intake air in a direct injection
diesel engine", IE(I) Journal-Mc, Vol. 90, 2010, pp.44-47.

Abstract:This paper discus the major role of (TQM) Total Quality Management, the current situation of industry was studied the suitable tools were implemented successfully, to eliminate the problems faced in an industry. Available machines are ultrasonic welding machines and extruder machines; studied by applying Statistical process control, taken the preliminary test to identify the issues of the machines and implement suitable tools such as PDCA cycle, Brainstorming technique and New seven tools and old seven tools technique. These tools will help to control or prevent the quality issues and the systematic approach has been done through this process.

Keywords: PDCAcycle, Brainstorming technique, old seven tools

[1] "A Roadmap to Quality" Manual for Implementing Total Quality Management Volume 1, Vienna, 2007.
[2] Abhoy Ojha (2000)"Total Quality Management: How can we Make the Implementation Effective" Indian Institute of Management, Vol. 25, No. 2, April -June 2000
[3] Arawati Agus and Za‟faran Hassan "Enhancing Production Performance and Customer Performance through Total Quality Management (TQM): Strategies for Competitive Advantage" Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 24 (2011) 1650–1662.
[4] Feigenbaum, Armand V. "The Challenge of Total Quality Control," Industrial Quality Control, May, 1957, pp. 17-23.
[5] Feigenbaum, Armand V. Quality control: principles, practice and administration. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1951

Abstract:Nowadays Robots play a vital role in all the activities in human life including industrial needs. In modern industrial manufacturing process consists of precise and fastest proceedings. Human operations are needed to perform a variety of tasks in a robotic system such as set-up, programming, trouble shooting, maintenance and error handling activities. Hazardous conditions exist when human operators intervene into the robotic work zones. Human perception, decision making, and action strategies need to be studied to prevent robot-related accidents. System designers and technology managers are required to consider the limitations of operator perceptual process in design and layout of robotic system. The ultimate object is to save human lives in addition to increasing productivity and quality of high technology work environments. Effective safety training programs for work with industrial robots should be developed. The objective of this project is to design, analysis of a Generic articulated robot Arm. Articulated robot has been noted for application in traversing and performing manipulation in nuclear reactor facilities. Some aspects of the articulated Robot that are anticipated as useful are its small cross section and its projected ability to change elevation and maneuver over obstacle. The small cross section and the loads associated with suspension of the Robot while changing elevation or maneuvering over obstacles require large joint torque to weight rations for joint actuation. A novel joint actions actuation scheme is described and its implementation detailed in this project.

Keywords: articulated robot. Manipulation, Novel joint, obstacles, robotic work zones

[1] D. Arthur, Y. Perrot, C. Bidard et al. ITER Articulated Inspection Arm (AIA), Geometric Calibration Issues of a long –reach flexible robot. Fusion Engineering and Design75-79(2005) 543-546.

[2] J.V.Miro, A.S.White, Modeling and industrial manipulator a case study, Simulation practice and theory, 9(2002) 293-319.

[3] Leoncio Briones, Paul Bustmante, Miguel A.Serna, A Wall Climbing pneumatic robot for inspection in nuclear power plants, Robotics and computer integrated manufacturing, 0736-5845(95)00005-4.

[4] O.A.Barbian, W.Kappes, R.Neumann, H.K.Stanger, apparative developments for in-service inspection of reactor pressure vessels, Nuclear engineering and design 102(1987)341-355.

[5] Ernst G.Schlechtendahl, CAD Supported Remote Handling Systems For Fusion Reactors, Nuclear Engineering And Design 100(1987)461-474.

Abstract: In this study, a sensor was designed and developed for flexible fuel vehicles in order to detect the percentage of alcohol. It works on the measurement of change in dielectric property of the ethanol-fuel mixture, from the output of sensor's dielectric constant, the ethanol composition of the mixture will be calibrated, and correspondingly the actuator system will be activated in order to maintain suitable condition in FFV. Compensating circuit is also needed to be developed, in order to reduce the capacitor artifact errors and also to increase the accuracy of the sensor. In this a dielectric sensor was developed with accuracy upto 2% and testing was done in the reference liquids as well as various composition of the fuel mixtures

Keywords: Flexible fuel sensor, Dielectric constant, capacitance measurement

[1] E Fujiwara, R T Takeishi, A Hase, E Ono, J S Santos and C K Suzuki, "Real-time optical fibre sensor for hydro-alcoholic solutions" Received 18 December 2009, in final form 23 March 2010 , Published on 28 July 2010

[2] Nester Oliverio and Anna Stefanpoulou ,"Ethanoldetection in Flex Fuel injection Engines Using In-Cylinder pressure measurements " SAE paper no. 2009-01-0657

[3] John J.C and Mark E.MsMackin, "Methanol concentration smart sensor",SAE paper No 930354

[4] G. Schmitz R.BartzR.Bartz, and U.Hilger, "Intelligent alcohol fuel sensor" SAE paper No 900231

[5] Christopher J. Chuck ,Chris D. Bannister , J. Gary Hawley , Matthew G. Davidson "Spectroscopic sensor techniques applicable to real-time biodiesel determination"(2009)

Abstract: The design and analysis of modular 2U Cubesat structure based upon the Cubesat standard for the exploration of the lower thermosphere were carried out in this project. The structure composed of many sub components and multiple mounting configurations, giving maximum flexibility in the design process. The stack of PCBs and other flight modules could be build up first in the secondary structure and integrated with the load carrying frames at the end of the process, ensuring accessibility of the flight avionics. A suitable high strength aluminium alloy 6061 as per the Cubesat standard was selected for structure. The CAD model of the various parts and their assembly were made using SOLIDWORKS 2014 cad software and subjected to FE analysis using ANSYS 14 in a static load of 9g and 13g. In addition buckling and vibration analysis were also performed to find the deformation of structure at various natural frequencies in order to ensure that the Cubesat could withstand the various conditions while the launch. These results of FE simulation indicated that the natural frequency of 718.04Hz. By the static analysis the maximum deformation of 0.0049mm and maximum von mises stress is 21.27MPa while subjected to 250N load, the maximum deformation of 0.0039mm and maximum von mises stress is 17.02MPa while subjected to 200N load. The CubeSat structural members and other assemblies are fabricated using high strength lightweight Aluminium alloy. The entire assembled CubeSat will be subjected to Vibration testing to find the deformation of structure at various natural frequencies in order to handle the vibrations occur when the launch of rocket.

Keywords : Cubesat structure, AA-6061, Vibration analysis.

[1] Dante Del Corso, Claudio Passerone, Leonardo Reyneri, Claudio Sanso, Stefano Speretta, Maurizio Tranchero, Politecnico Di Torino 2011 "Design of a University Nano-Satellite: the PiCPoT Case‟ Journal of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic systems, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 1985 – 2007.
[2] Hiroki Ashida, KotaFujihashi, ShinichiInagawa, YoshiyukiMiura, KuniyukiOmagari, Naoki Miyashita, SaburoMatunaga, TakahiroToizumi, JunKataoka and NobuyukiKawai 2009 "Design of Tokyo Tech nano-satellite Cute-1.7+APD II and its operation‟ Journal of Acta Astronautica, vol.66, pp. 1412–1424.
[3] Melahat CİHAN, Aykut ÇETİN, Dr. KAYA and Dr. İNALHAN 2011 "Design and Analysis of an Innovative Modular Cubesat Structure for ITU-pSAT II‟ Journal of IEEE, vol.11, pp. 494–499.
[4] Michael Swartwout, Christopher Kitts, Robert Twiggs, Thomas Kenny, Billy Ray Smith, Rick Lu, Kevin Stattenfield and Freddy Pranajaya 2008 "Mission results for Sapphire, a student-built satellite‟ Journal of Acta Astronautica, vol.62, pp. 521 – 538.
[5] Quiroz-Garfias, Silva-Navarro and Rodriguez-Cortes 2007 "Finite Element Analysis and Design of a CubeSat Class Picosatellite Structure‟ Journal of International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICEEE 2007), vol. 07, pp. 294 – 297.

Abstract: A suitable communication antenna as per the CubeSat standard is considered for QB50.The design and deploying mechanism is modelled with a suitable mechanical design to incorporate the deployment of antennas. A CAD model of the Cubesat structure and their assembly are made using modelling software. This CAD model is subjected to Thermal analysis using analysis software to ensure that the CubeSat withstands the thermal conditions while in space. The Thermal simulation analysis provides information on the performance of the CubeSat at different thermal environments.

Keywords : CubeSat, antenna, antenna deployment, berylliumcopper, thermal analysis, von mises stress

[1] Alessandra Babusciaa,n, Benjamin Corbina, Mary Knappa, Rebecca Jensen - Clemb, MarkVande Loo a, Sara Seager 2013 'Inflatable antenna for cubesats : Motivation for development and antenna design Journal of ActaAstronautica,volume-91, pp. 01 –11.
[2] Fiona Singarayar 2012 Preliminary System Development and Detailed Structural Design and Analysis for the CanX-7 Nanosatellite thesis for Master of Applied Science pp. 24 – 74
[3] G. Fanchini, D.Gagliostro 2011 The e-st@rCubeSat:Antennas systems Journal of ActaAstronautica, volume 69 pp. 1089 -1095
[4] Gauthier pierlot 2009 oufti1 flight system configuration and structural analysis master thesis paper in Aerospace Engineering, University of liege pp. 49 – 88
[5] JordiPuig-Suari,ClarkTurner,WilliamAhlgren(2010) Development of the Standard CubeSat Deployer and a CubeSat Class PicoSatellite, thesis for California state university.

Abstract: The experimental investigation of A356 matrix reinforced with boron carbide particle was fabricated by stir casting technique. The abrasive wear behavior of composite was studied by dry sliding pin on disc machine. The different parameters like applied load, sliding speed, and weight percentage of boron carbide particle were taken for this study. The wear rate in terms of weight loss per unit load as well as wear volume has been obtained. The composite are found to posses very high wear rate at 9% reinforced material. The result shows that the wear rate and wear volume is found increasing by increase in load and weight percentage of boron carbide. Keywords: A356 alloy, boron carbide, Wear rate, Wear volume

[1] Satpal Kundu, Dr. B.K. Ro, Ashok Kr Mishra, Study of Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Aluminum/Sic/Al2O3/Graphite Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Using Taguchi Technique, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3 (2) ,2013, 1-8.
[2] Shouvik Ghosh, Prasanta Sahoo, Goutam Sutradhar , Wear Behavior of Al-SiCp Metal Matrix Composites and Optimization Using Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 11, 2012,1085-1094.
[3] G. Straffelini, M. Pellizzari and A. Molinari, Influence of Load and Temperature on the Dry Sliding Behavior of Al-Based Metal-Matrix-Composites Against Friction Material, Wear, 256(7-8), 2004, 754-763.
[4] R. N. Rao and S. Das, Effect of Sliding Distance on the Wear and Friction Behavior of as Cast and Heat-Treated Al-SiCp Composites, Materials and Design, 32 (5), 2011, 3051-3058.
[5] S. C. Sharma, B. M. Girish, R. Kamath and B. M. Satish, Effect of Sic Particle Reinforcement on the Unlubri- cated Sliding Wear Behavior of ZA-27 Alloy Composites" Wear, 213(1-2), 1997, 33-40.

Abstract: Biodiesel as a renewable fuel has been considered as the best alternate for diesel fuel now a days. This fossil fuel can be used in diesel engine with or without any modification.The injection pressure and injection timing are the major influencing parameters for the performance and emission of diesel engine. In this present study, the emission analysis of vegetable oil, Jatropha oil and rubber seed oil crushed from the seed, esterified and blended with pure diesel fuel. A single cylinder constant speed direct injection (DI) diesel engine has been used to analyze the emission characteristics of biodiesel. The diesel engine for various fuel injection pressures (210,220 and 240 bar) at no load to full load was investigated. The injection pressure was changed in the engine head by adjusting the fuel injector spring tension. The two proportions of biodiesel were used in diesel engine such as 20% of biodiesel (Jatropha oil and Rubber seed oil) with 80% of pure diesel fuel named as B20 and 40% of biodiesel with 60% of pure diesel fuel named as B40.From the test result, the nitric oxide (NOx) was analyzed for different injection pressures. In emission characteristics analysis, it was found that the increase in injector opening pressure increases the NOx emission. The injection pressure of 240 bars and B20 proportion gives better emission reduction compared to other blended fuels.

Keyword: Injection pressure, emission, Jatropha oil, rubber seed oil

[1]. Raheman.Hetal'Performance of diesel engine with biodiesel at varying compression ratio and ignition timing' Fuel 87 (2008) 2659–2666.

[2] Labecki.L'Effects of injection parameters and EGR on combustion and emission characteristics of rapeseed oil and its blends in diesel engines' fuel 98(2012) 15-28.

[3] CenkSayin 'Influence of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel CI engine' Renewable Energy 33 (2008) 1314–1323 [4] Shivakumar 'Artificial Neural Network based prediction of performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio CI engine using WCO as a biodiesel at different injection timings' Applied Energy 88 (2011) 2344-2354.

[5]. Sarofim AF, Flagan R.C. NOx control for stationary combustion sources. Prog Energy