iosr-JMCE   National Conference on Contemporary Approaches in Mechanical, Automobile and Building sciences-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR DRAG REDUCTION IN COMMERCIAL BUSES
Country	:	India
Authors	:	J. Godwin John. A.Muthuvel. N. Prakash

Abstract: Deterioration of fuel, demand for crude oil, worldwide extreme consumption etc. are the various reasons for the fuel demand and which leads in fuel price rising. An alternate way for the fuel consumption is assumed to be the reduction of drag. A small modification in the exterior design of the vehicle is done to carry out the study. Once the external body is modified an utmost care is taken in running the simulation by considering many factors such as mesh, boundary conditions, turbulence models etc. In this work numerical analysis of bus is carried out for the nine turbulence models to find the suitability of the turbulence models. Out of this AKN k-ε turbulence model predict the aerodynamic coefficient in the expected range when compared with the experimental data.

Keywords : Aerodynamics, Bus, Drag reduction, Fuel consumption, Turbulence models

[1] Jeff Patten et al, (2012), "Review of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Devices for Heavy Trucks and Buses", CSTT-HVC-TR-205, National Research Council of Canada, Centre for surface transportation technology.

[2] ArunRaveendran et al, (2009), "Exterior Styling of an Intercity Transport Bus forImproved Aerodynamic Performance", SAS TECH, Volume 8 issue 2.

[3] Subrata Roy and Pradeep Srinivasan, (2000), "External flow analysis of a truck for Drag Reduction", SAE 2000-01-3500.

[4] Arthur E. Sheridan and Steven J. Grier, (1978), Drag Reduction Obtained by Modifying a Standard Truck".

[5] He Zhang, Yu-ruXu and HaopengCai, "Using CFD software to calculate Hydrodynamic coeffecients", Journal of Marine Science App, Vol. l9, pp 149-155, 2010

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	OPTIMIZATION OF TRUCK CHASSIS OF SUPPORT STIFFNESS TO IMPROVE THE FUNDAMENTAL NATURAL FREQUENCY
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K.Venkatesh. M. Kannan. J.Kuberan

Abstract: To optimize the centre thickness and the number of stiffener locations to Maximize the Natural Frequency of Truck Chassis, keeping the Strength, Torsion, Stiffness and Weight with in a limit.Truck chassis is a major component in a vehicle system. This work involved static and dynamics analysis to determine key characteristics of a truck chassis. The Static characteristics include identifying location of High Stress Area and determining the Torsion Stiffness of the chassis. The Dynamic characteristics of truck chassis such as the Natural Frequency and Mode shape were determined by using Finite Element Method.

[1] The minimum support stiffness required to raise the fundamental natural frequency of plate structures by Michael I. Frriswella,*, D. Wangb, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK. Journal of sound and vibration 301 (2007) 665-677.

[2] Stress Analysis of Heavy duty Truck Chassis using Finite Element Method by O Kurdi, R Abd-Rahman, M N Tamin, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor.

[3] Stress analysis of a truck chassis with riveted joints by Cicek Karaoglu*, N. Sefa Kuralay, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DEU Faculty of Engineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey ,Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 38 (2002) 1115–1130.

[4] The effect of connection plat thickness on stress of truck chassis with riveted and welded joint under dynamic loads is carried out by M. zehsaz, Vakili Tahami and Esmaeili. Asian Journal of applied Science 2(1): 22-35, 2009, ISSN 1996-3343.

[5] Truck chassis structural thickness optimization with the help of finite element technique i. Kutay yilmazçoban*, yaşar kahraman, tojsat : The Online Journal of Science and Technology - July 2011, Volume 1, Issue 3

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE USING DIESEL WITH ETHANOL AND CASTOR SEED OIL BLENDS
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M.Arunkumar. M.Kannan. V.NadanaKumar

Abstract: Automobiles are growing day by day it means usage of automotives are increasing, so usage of fuel also increasing. In this paper will be discuss the use of diesel with ethanol and castor seed oil blends in diesel four-stroke engine. This alternative fuel contains castor oil and ethanol so it reduces the emission compared to diesel. Ethanol is a good cooling agent due to blending of ethanol so the NOx will be reduced. For those mixtures the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and combustion characteristics are calculated. The gas emissions of NOx, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), are being measured by the use of AVL smoke meter. The experimental investigation has been done on single cylinder CI Engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer, data acquisition system (Kirolskar high speed four stroke diesel engine with 3.2 KW, 1500rpm.) and the result has been recorded.

Keywords : diesel, castor oil, ethanol, blends, CI Engine, performance analysis

[1] S.Ganesan, Dr.A.Elango: "performance analysis of CI engine using blends of castor oil and ethanol". IJMME paper. ISSN 2320-4060.2013.

[2] D.D.Nagdeote, M.M.Deshmukh: "Experimental Study of Diethyl Ether and Ethanol Additives with Biodiesel-Diesel Blended Fuel Engine", IJETAE, ISSN: 2250-2459, March 2012.

[3] S.S.Ingle, V.M.Nandedkar; "Castor oil Biodiesel an alternative fuel for diesel in Compression Ignition Engine", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering(IOSR-JMCE), ISSN : 2278-1684,PP: 10-13,2009.

[4] C.Soliamuthu, D. Senthil kumar: "An experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of mahua oil methyl ester on four stroke direct injection diesel engine". IJEMS paper.vol.20,pp.42-50,2013.

[5] K.Muralidharan, D.Vasudevan, "Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends", Applied Energy 88(2011)3959-3968.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DI DIESEL ENGINE USING DIESEL WITH CASTOR SEED OIL BLENDS
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K. B. Yogeshwaran. G. Raghu. G. Naveenraj

Abstract: The aim of the present investigation is to study the performance characteristics of single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine using Castor seed oil as an alternate fuel. Here castor seed oil is used in the form of blends at various proportions with diesel. High viscosity is one important difference between castor seed oil and commercial diesel fuel. A single cylinder, four stroke, constant speed, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine is going to be used for the experiment. In general, viscosity of neat vegetable oil is high, which can be reduced through blending with diesel and heating them. The performance characteristics of engine are determined using Castor oil blends with diesel. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. The performance of the engine will be measured using electrical dynamometer and the emissions such as CO2, CO, HC& NOx will be measured using exhaust gas analyzer. After acquiring the experimental data they will be analyzed for various parameters such as thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumptions (BSFC). The engine is expected to run with reduced emission levels with acceptable engine performance. It is concluded that castor non-edible oil can be used as an alternate to diesel, which is of low cost. This usage of neat Castor oil has a great impact in reducing the dependency of India on oil imports

Keywords : Castor oil, alternate fuel, non edible oils, performance characteristics.

[1]. Ch .S. Naga Prasad , K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy, B.S.P. Kumar, E. Ramjee, O.D. Hebbel and M.C. Nivendgi(2009) Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with castor oil, Indian Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 0974- 6846 Vol.2 No.10 ( 2009)
[2]. D. Vashist , and M. Ahmad (2012) Comparative Study of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Castor and Jatropha Methyl Ester with the Help of T Test, International Journal of Automotive Engineering Vol. 2, No 2, April 2012
[3]. M. C. Navindgi, MaheswarDutta and B. SudheerPrem Kumar (2012) performance evaluation, emission characteristics and economic analysis of four non-edible straight vegetable oils on a single cylinder ci engine, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ISSN 1819-6608 Vol. 7, No. 2, February 2012
[4]. Deshpande D.P., Urunkar Y.D. and Thakare P.D. (2012) Production of Biodiesel from Castor Oil using acid and Base catalysts,Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ISSN 2231-606X Vol. 2(8), 51-56, August (2012
[5]. A.S. Ramadhas, C. Muraleedharan, S. Jayaraj (2005) Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel Engine fueled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil, Renewable Energy 30 (2005) 1789–1800

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Rejection reduction of Vacuum Pump type Alternator Assembly
Country	:	India
Authors	:	B. Shanmugam. K. Kalaichelvan

Abstract: Conventional manufacturing thought limits the rejection reduction plans to rejections which needs to be scrapped and implies direct loss. But present scenario in manufacturing industries, which is facing a very competitive environment, needs to consider not only rejections leading to scrap but also rejections which can be reworked or reused. Rejections which leads to rework results in man-hour losses which in turn affects the productivity of the organization. This paper focuses on assembly rejections of vacuum pump type alternators. Top of the Pareto is a rejection called "Pump rotation tight" which accounts to 50% of total assembly line rejection of vacuum pump type alternators. In order to reduce the rejection & rework, a study is conducted to analyze the rejection using appropriate statistical tools, Shainin technique for assembly process which indicated that two of the sub assembly components were the root cause for the rejection and subsequently optimize the subassembly shaft spline runout which is manufactured by cold rolling process using Taguchi Orthogonal array. Application of these tools helped in improving the knowledge base of the manufacturing and assembly process and also helped narrowing down to the root cause or a number of root causes in quick span of time.

Keywords: Alternator, Pareto, Shainin Technique, Taguchi orthogonal array, Cold rolling, Spline runout

[1]. Anand Bewoor and Maruti Pawar (2010), 'Use of Shainin tools for simplifying six sigma implementation in ISO / QMS certified environment'. Journal of Research and engineering studies, Volume I, Issue II, E-ISSN 0976-7916.
[2]. Verma, Srividya, Mannika, Pankhawala, and Rathanraj (2004), 'Shainin method: Edge over other DOE Techniques'. Engineering Management Conference, 2004. Proceedings. 2004 IEEE International (Volume:3 )
[3]. Ha Dao and Bill Maxson (2007), 'Y to X Problem Solving using Shainin Strategies'. ASQ Automotive excellence journal.
[4]. Jeroen de Mast (2003), 'A Methodological comparison of three strategies for quality improvement'. International journal of Quality and reliability management.
[5]. Stefan Steiner, Jock MacKay and John Ramberg (2004) – Overview of Shainin system for quality improvement. Statistics and Actuarial sciences, University of waterloo

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Resource Evaluation Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Madurai North Taluk of Madurai District
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A.K.Bharadwaj. Pradeep.C. D.Thirumalaivasan

Abstract: Land use/ land cover interpretation and mapping for the year 2001 have been carried out for the "Madurai North Taluk" in Madurai district. For this study, LANDSAT-7 ETM+ 2001 imagery was used. Different land use / land cover features have been identified using visual interpretation techniques. The findings are, major part of the study area is Agricultural land, which covers about 194.20 sq. km. Rest of the area is covered by natural vegetation about 41.38 sq. km; wasteland about 60.91 sq. km, built-up about 41.17 sq. km and water bodies about 45.73 sq. km.

Keywords: Land use/land cover, LANDSAT, Madurai, Visual interpretation

[1]. Ademiluyi, I.A. Okude, A.S. and Akanni, C.O. (2008), African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(9), 581-586.
[2]. Alaguraja, P., Durairaju, S., Yuvaraj, D., Sekar, M., Muthuveerran, P., Manivel, M. and Thirunavukkarasu, A. (2010), International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 1, (1), 91-100.
[3]. Baban, S. M. J. and WanYusof, K. (2001), International Journal of remote sensing, 22 (10), 1909–1918.
[4]. Gong, X., Marklund, L. G. and Tsuji, S, (2009), Land Use Classification Proposed to Be Used in the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA), FAO
[5]. Jansen, L. J. M. and Di Gregorio, A. (2004), International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 5, 141–157.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Review on heat transfer enhancement during solidification of PCM
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Aneesh.V. Gnanadurai Ravikumar Solomon

Abstract: The continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions and the climb in fuel prices are the main driving forces behind the research toward energy conservation and energy storage. The thermal energy storage and in particular Phase Change Materials (PCMs), have been a main topic in research for last 20 years. The main difficulty in using PCM for energy storage application is the low thermal conductivity of the PCM in its solid state, which will make the evacuation of energy tougher once solidification starts. To nullify the problem, different heat transfer enhancement techniques have been proposed by different researchers. This paper extensively reviews the work carried out by different researchers in enhancing the heat transfer.

Keywords: PCM: Phase change material, solidification time, TES: Thermal energy storage system, LHTES: Latent-heat thermal energy storage, SHS: Sensible heat storage

[1] Castell A., C. Sole, Medrano M., Roca J., Cabeza L. F., Garcia D., Natural convection heat transfer coefficients in phase change material (PCM) modules with external vertical fins, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2008, Vol. 28, 1676-1686
[2] Arkar C., Medved S., Influence of accuracy of thermal property data of a phase Change material on the result of a numerical model of packed bed latent heat Storage with spheres, Thermochimica Acta, 2005, Vol. 438, 192-201
[3] Lamberg P., Approximate analytical model for two e phase solidification Problem in a finned phase change material storage, Applied Energy, 2004, Vol. 77, 131-152
[4] Velraj.R,Seeniraj.R.V,Hafner.B,Faber.C,Schwarzer. K, Experimental analysis and numerical modelling of inward solidification on a finned vertical tube for a latent heat storage unit, Solar Energy ,1997,Vol.60, 281-290
[5] Bauer.C.A, Wirtz.R.A, 'Thermal Characteristics of a compact, Passive thermal energy storage device', in Proceedings of the 2000 ASME IMECE, Orlando, Florida, USA,2000

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Review Paper on Friction Stir Welding of various Aluminium Alloys
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sivakumar. Vignesh Bose. D.Raguraman. D. Muruganandam

Abstract:The comprehensive body of knowledge that has built up with respect to the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys since the technique was invented in 1991 is reviewed on this paper. The basic principles of FSW are described, including metal flow and thermal history, before discussing how process parameters affect the weld microstructure and the likelihood of defects. Finally, the range of mechanical properties that can be achieved is discussed. It is demonstrated that FSW of aluminum is becoming an increasingly mature technology with numerous commercial applications.

Keywords : Friction stir welding, metal flow, process parameters, mechanical properties.

[1]. P. L. Threadgill., Terminology in friction stir welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Vol 12 , No 4, 2007, 357- 360.

[2]. M Grujicic, T He1, G Arakere, H V Yalavarthy, C-F Yen, and B A Cheeseman, Fully coupled thermomechanical finite element analysis of material evolution during friction-stir welding of AA5083, ASM International,. Materials Park, Ohio, 2003, pp. 203–211. [3]. Reynolds, AP, . "Visualisation of material flow in autogenous friction stir welds". Science and technology of welding and joining, Vol. 5 (2),2000, 120–124. Seidel, TU; Reynolds, AP, "Visualization of the Material Flow in AA2195 Friction-Stir Welds Using a Marker Insert Technique". Metallurgical and Material Transactions 32A,Vol.11, 2001, 2879–2884.

[4]. P. Surendrababu, Dr. A. Gopala krishna, Dr. Ch. Srinivasa Rao, "Material Flow Behaviour in Friction Stir Welding Process-A Critical Review on Process Parameters and Modeling Methodologies", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering , Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013,219-225.

[5]. K. COLLIGAN, Material Flow Behavior during Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum, Welding research supplement, July 1999. pp. 229s – 237s.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	SQUEAK AND RATTLE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING CAE ON AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rajesh Muniswamy. Dr.A.Dhanapal. Dr. S.Sathiyamurthy. Dr.K.Chidambaram

Abstract: Squeak and rattle evaluation is a common problem faced by automotive OEM‟s. With increased importance to driving comfort and quality perception, squeak and rattle detection and elimination in modern automotive systems has become much more important in recent years. Many techniques involving time- frequency analysis, acoustics, digital signal processing, etc. are used to understand and control this unpredictable and undesirable vibro-acoustic phenomenon. An extensive literature survey was performed to gain understanding of the current state of the art. It is an attempt to perform a comparative analysis on experimental acoustic data collected on four, completely trimmed vehicles. These cars were tested on the four-axis, hydraulic road simulator at the Non-linear Testing Facility. The data was then analyzed using time-frequency techniques such as short time Fourier transform (STFT) and also with the advanced, complex Morlet wavelet technique. The objective of the analysis was to detect and localize (in time and frequency) squeaks and rattles in automobiles. Practically it is obtained from digital data recorded on the microphones when the hydraulic actuators were exciting the vehicle with certain signals. Analysis of the data resulted in the conclusion that from the frequency and displacement graph we could able to obtain peak to peak amplitude (termed as hot spots) and preventive measures were taken.

[1]. Grenier, G., "The Rattle Trap," SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1525, 2003, doi:10.4271/2003-01-1525 Testing & Data Acquisition
[2]. Kavarana,F., and Rediers,B,2001, "Squeak and Rattle-State of the Art and Beyond,"Sound and Vibration Magazine,.
[3]. Automotive Engineering International,Oei-online.org.
[4]. ATZ auto technology Magazine.
[5]. Soine,D.E.,Evensen, H. A., and Van Karsen, C.D.,1999, "A Design Assessment Tool for Squeak and Rattle Performance, "IMAC

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Studies on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al2O3 Reinforced AA5083 Matrix Composite
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M. Tharik Ali. S.Manoj Kumar. R.Senthil kumar

Abstract: The expectations over novel composite materials have been increased especially in automotive and aerospace applications due to its superior weight to strength ratio and tailored mechanical properties. In this frame work, aluminum alloy AA5083 alloy matrix reinforced with micron (10% wt – 5% wt) and nano-particles (1% wt – 5% wt) of Al2O3. The composite samples were fabricated through powder metallurgy route. Optimum amount of reinforcement were determined by evaluating mechanical properties like micro-hardness and compressive strength of composites. The results reveal that the composites containing 2% wt of nano Al2O3 and 8 % micro Al2O3 reinforcement witnessed superior mechanical properties due to its combined effect of concentration and particulate scale and the great isotropic behavior was achieved by homogenous dispersion of reinforcement in the matrix phase.

Keywords: Powder Metallurgy, Micro Structure, Micro-hardness, Compressive Strength, Aluminum Alloy

[1] I.Mobasherpour,A.A.Tofigh,M.Ebrahimi,"Effect of nano-size Al2O3 reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of synthesis 7075 aluminum alloy composites by mechanical alloying",Material chemistry and physics 138 (2013) 535-541.
[2] M.Kok ,"Production and mechanical properties of Al2O3 particle-reinforced 2024 aluminium alloy composites,Journal of Materials Processing Technology 161 (2005) 381-387.
[3] Ruixiao Zheng, Xiaoning Hao,Yanbo yuan et al. "Effect of high volume fraction of B4C particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy based composites" ,Journals of Alloys and Compounds 576 (2013) 291-298.

[4] V.Senthilkumar,A.Balaji,R.Narayanasamy,"Analysis of hot deformation behavior of Al 5083-TiC nanocomposite using constitutive and dynamic material models",Materials and Design 37 (2012) 102-110.
[5] J.B. Fogagnolo, F. Velasco, M.H. Robert b, J.M. Torralba: Mater. Sci. Eng. A Vol.342 (2003), p. 131-143

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	STUDY OF TOOL GEOMETRY ON FRICTION STIR WELDING OF AA 6061 AND AZ61
Country	:	India
Authors	:	D.Raguraman. D. Muruganandam. L.A.Kumaraswamidhas

Abstract: Friction Stir Welding Process (FSW) is a solid state welding method developed by The Welding Institute (TWI). This research work involves the friction stir welding of two dissimilar metals namely AA6061 and AZ61. The geometry of the tool in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) plays a principle role in quality of the weld. In this study several FSW tools have been considered for the fabrication of a number of butt joints. The tool geometry names are as follows: (i) Straight threaded tool, (ii) Taper Threaded tool, (iii) Inverse tapered tool, (iv) Concave shaped fluted tool. These geometries are analysed for the identification of sound weld through ANSYS.

Keywords : Tool Geometry, Friction stir welding, ANSYS.

[1] P. Biswas and N.R.Mandal, "Effect of Tool Geometries on Thermal History of FSW of AA1100", Supplement To The Welding Journal, Volume 90, 2011,129S-135S.
[2] Dr. M. Lakshman Rao, P. Suresh Babu, T. Rammohan and Y. Seenaaiah, "Study of Tool Geometry in Friction Stir Welding Applications", AKGEC International Journal Of Technology, Volume 3, No. 2, 2011,15-18.

[3] M.A.Abdelrahman, M.M.Ghoneim, M. E. Abdelazim, M M. R. El-Kouss, N. A.Abdelraheem, "The effect of FSW tool geometry on AA6061-T6 weldments", Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Volume 45(2),2012,407-418.
[4] H. K. Mohanty, D.Venkateswarlu, M. M. Mahapatra, Pradeep Kumar, N. R. Mandal, "Modeling the Effects of Tool Probe Geometries and Process Parameters on Friction Stirred Aluminium welds", Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Volume 2(4), 2012, 74-79.
[5] D.G. Hattingh, C. Blignault, T.I. van Niekerk, M.N. James, "Characterization of the influences of FSW tool geometry on welding forces and weld tensile strength using an instrumented tool", Journal of materials processing technology ,Volume 203, 2008,46-57.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	TENSILE AND IMPACT BEHAVIOUR OF RICE HUSK AND TERMITE MOUND PARTICULATED COIR-FIBER-POLYSTER COMPOSITE
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S.Anilkumar. S.Sathiyamurthy. S.Jeyabal. K.Chidambaram

Abstract: Increased environmental awareness and consciousness throughout the world has developed an increasing interest in natural fiber and its application in various fields. Again the availability of natural fiber like coir, jute, banana etc is abundant in India. The use of natural fibers as reinforcing material in both thermoplastic and thermosetting matrix composites provides positive environmental benefits with respect of ultimate disposability and best utilization of new material. In the present investigation, a study on the mechanical properties of new series of filler added composites involving natural coir as a reinforcing material in polyester resin based polymer matrix has been reported.This research is focused on studying the tensile and impact behavior of termite mound and rice husk particulated coir fiber reinforced polyester composite. The termite mound and rice husk was successfully fabricated with natural fiber with a composition of 10 to 30% by weight. The composite was tested and the result clearly indicated that the inclusion of rice husk and termite mound particulate improved the tensile and impact strength.

Keywords: natural fiber, polyester resin,polymer matrix rice husk, termite mound.

[1] S.V Joshi. L.T. Drzal, A.K. Mohanty, S. Arora "Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites?‟Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 35 (2004) 371–376
[2] Wei, C., Mu, Q.H. and Luo, W.H. (2003) "Influences of treatment methods for sisal stems on properties of sisal fiber/formaldehyde resin composites‟, China Plastics, Vol.17, pp.44–47.
[3] Takatani, M., Ikeda , K., Sakamoto, K. and Okamoto, T. (2008) "Cellulose esters as compatibilizers in wood/poly(lactic acid) composite‟, Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 54–61.

[4] Mukherjee. P.S., Satyanarayanan K.G. Structure and properties of some vegetable fiber coir, Material Characterization,Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 1984,vol.60:pp.3925-3934.
[5] Harish.S., Peter Michael, D., Bensely, A., Mohan Lal, D. and Rajadurai, A. "Mechanical property evaluation of natural fiber coir composites", Materials Characterization,Vol.60, 2009, pp.44–49.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF RICE HUSK AND EGG SHELL HYBRID PARTICULATED COIR-POLYESTER COMPOSITES
Country	:	India
Authors	:	R.Karthik. ,S Sathiyamurthy. S Jayabal . K.Chidambaram

Abstract: The surface roughness of rice husk and egg shell impregnated coir fiber reinforced polyester composite were evaluated. The short untreated coir fibers with different proportions of fiber length, fiber content and filler content were used as reinforcement in polymer based matrix. The fabricated composites with the different levels of fiber parameters were tested as per ASTM standards. The effects of egg shell and rice husk of coir polyester composites and prophecy of surface roughness properties were investigated.

Key words: Natural fiber composite, coir/polyester, Eggshell, Rice husk

[1] Hull .D and Clyne .T.W. An introduction to composite materials, 2nd ed., Cambridge university, cambridge, 1996,pg.1-3.

[2] Mcmullen.P. Fiber/resin composites for aircraft primary structures: a short history, (1936-1984), composites, 1984; 15(3), 222-30.
[3] Bledzki A.K. and Gassan J. Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibers. 1999; 24(2):221-74

[4] Rabinowicz. E. Friction and wear of materials. New York, john Wiley and sons. (1995).32(2):1-5

[5] Monteriro.S.N, Narones,L.A.H and Almedida,J.R..Mechanical performance of coir fiber/polyster composites,polymer testing,vol.27p.p 591-595 (2008).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	VENDOR SELECTION IN SUPPLYCHAIN MANAGEMENT USING ISM AND ANP
Country	:	India
Authors	:	B.Mohmed Fazil. R.Kesavan

Abstract: A vendor, or a supplier, in a supply chain management is anyone who provides goods or services to a company. Thus, the raw materials required for the manufacture of a product will be provided by the supplier. These raw materials are processed to obtain the finished product by the manufacturer. The finished product will be sold to the customers. A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer. The aims of this paper to identify the various risk factors in supply chain management, then to evaluate it using Interpretive Structural modelling and then the relationship between the factors is evaluated using Analytical Network process. Then the selection of best supplier is done using Analytical Network process.

Keywords: Analytical Network Process, Interpretive Structural Modelling, Pairwise comparison matrix, Supplier selection, Supply Chain Management.

[1]. Anukul Mandal and S.G. Deshmukh (1994) 'Vendor Selection Using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM)' International Journal of Operations & Production Management vol-14 Pp.52-69
[2]. Benbasat Zmud (2001) 'Using interpretive structural modeling to Uncover shared mental models in is research' Journal of Organizational Behaviour vol-22 pp.89-106
[3]. Charles A.Weber, John R and Benton.W,C (1991) 'Vendor selection criteria and methods' European Journal of Operational Research vol-50 pp.2-18
[4]. Chidambaranathan.S, Muralidharan.C & Deshmukh.S.G (2009) 'Analyzing the interaction of critical factors of supplier development using Interpretive Structural Modelling—an empirical study' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology vol-43 pp.1081-1093
[5]. David W. Malone (1975) 'An Introduction to the Application of interpretive Structural Modeling' Proceedings Of The IEEE vol-63 pp.397-404