iosr-JMCE   Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering' 2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Geopathic Stress on Pavement Distresses
Country	:	India
Authors	:	B.H.Chafekar, G.P. Jarad, S.S. Pimplikar, N.P. Dharmadhikari, A.G.Kharat, R.R.Sorate

Abstract: This paper deals with the investigation of Geopathic Stress Zones along the road. The energy from the earth at specific locations that have the ability to change the normal functioning of human system is called Geopathic Stress. Detection of geopathic location has been done by Experimental investigations on road alignment of one KM, performing distresses survey, dowsing and by magnetic field detector to investigate the Geopathic Stress. Due to such energies emitted by the earth distresses occurs on road pavements. It is found that, inside geopathic stress a copper L rod gets deflected, also get abrupt changes in magnetic field where the distresses occurs.

Key word: Pavement distresses, Geopathic Stress, Dowsing, and magnetic field detector.

[1] Empirical and theoretical investigations of accidents on expressways and national highways PhD thesis of S.S. Pimplikar.

[2] Empirical and Theoretical Investigation on Built Environment. Ph.D. Thesis of Kharat, A.G., University Of Pune, 2000 Journa Papers

[3] Use of Dowsing and Geo-Resistivity meter For Detection of Geopathic Stress Zone OF Narang Girish Rajkumar, Deshmukh Dheeraj Sunil, C.B.Bangal.

[4] Effect of geopathic stress zone on human body Voltage and skin resistance by N.P. Dharmadhikari, D.C.Meshram,S.D. Kulkarni, A.G. Kharat and S.S. Pimplikar

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Soil Structure Interaction On The Dynamic Behavior of Buildings
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Magade S. B 1, Prof. Patankar J. P

Abstract: A common design practice for dynamic loading assumes the building to be fixed at their bases. In reality the supporting soil medium allows movement to some extent due to its property to deform. This may decrease the overall stiffness of the structural system and hence may increase the natural periods of the system, such influence of partial fixity of structures at foundation level due to soil flexibility intern alters the response. Such an interdependent behavior of soil and structure regulating the overall response is referred to as soil structure interaction. This effect of soil flexibility is suggested to be accounted through consideration of springs of specified stiffness. Thus the change in natural period due to effect of soil structure interaction may be an important issue from the viewpoint of design considerations.

Keywords – Stiffness, Partial fixity, Flexibility, soil structure interaction

1. . IS 1893 ( Part 1) :2002, "Criteria for Earthquake resistant design of structures"
2. H.S. Chore and R.K. Ingle (2008), "Soil-structure interaction analyses of pile supported building frame" AJSTD Vol. 25 Issue 2 pp. 457-467 (2008)
3. C.C. Spyrakos _, Ch.A. Maniatakis, I.A. Koutromanos (2009), "Soil structure interaction effects on base-isolated buildings founded on soil stratum" Engineering Structures 31 (2009) 729_737
4. J. L. Wegner, M. M. Yao and S. K. Bhullar (2009), "Dynamic wave soil structure interaction analysis of a two way asymmetric building system DSSIA-3D" Journal of Engineering and Technology Research Vol.1 (2), pp.026-038, May 2009
5. Bhattacharya K, Dutta S C and Rana Roy, "seismic design aids for building incorporating soil flexibility " journal of Asian Architecture and building engineering, nov-2006, pp 341-348
6. Bhattacharya .k and Dutta, S.C, "Assessing lateral period of building frames incorporating soil-flexibility"‟ journal of sound and vibration, dec-2004, pp 795-821
7. Shekhar Chandra Dutta, Koushik Bhattacharya and Rana Roy, "Response of low rise building under seismic ground excitation incorporating soil structure interaction", Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering 24, 2004. Pages. 893 -914.
8. V.K.R. Kodur, M.A.Erki. J.H.P.Quenneville, "Seismic Analysis of Infilled Frames", Journal of structural Engineering Vol. 25
No 2 July 1998.
9. P. G. Asteris, "Lateral stiffness of brick masonary infilled plane frames", Journal of structural engineering, vol. 129. No.8 August 2003.
10. Fakhrendin Danesh and Vahid Behrang, "The influence of masonary infill walls on dynamic behavior of concrete structures",
13th world conference on Earthquake engineering, Canada. August 1 -6, 2004. Paper no. 1984.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Infill Wall System, an Alternative to Conventional bricks
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sunny A. Howale1, Anil K.Gupta

Abstract: With the boom in construction industry the requirement of building materials have increased. As burnt brick are the most popular building material for construction of wall in India. However the conventional brick making is recognized as a resource intensive, energy inefficient & highly polluting industry by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). As the conventional methods are having disadvantages so, there is need for finding a suitable alternative for the conventional brick wall so as to minimize the environmental issues related and also to reduce time and manpower required in the conventional process which is the need of the construction industry. In case of the multistoried building wall construction is one of the major item which is required for the partition work and to create various internal units. Use of the conventional bricks consume a lot of time and manpower from its layout to finishing work, so there is need to find an alternative to the conventional brick walls and moreover lot of dead weight is imposed on the structure due conventional method, so use of light weight material is needed so as to reduce the dead load on the structure. Materials with less cross sectional area had to be used to increase the overall carpet area. So, modern methods has to used which will reduce the time, manpower and material required such as sand and cement which will be more advantageous in case of mass housing, commercial and multistoried building as the saving in time and manpower will ultimately lead to reduce the cost of the project, efforts has to be made result in overall saving in time, manpower steel requirement which can help to achieve economy

Keywords: CLWC, Drywall, Gypsum based wall panels, Infill wall.

[1] J.Alam, M.N Akhtar, Fly Ash Utilization in Different Sectors in Indian Scenario, International Journal of emerging trends in
engineering and development Issue 1, Vol.1 August-2011, Pg 5
[2] Alonge O. Richard & Mahyudin B. Ramli, A Qualitative Study of Green Building Indexes Rating of Lightweight Foam Concrete,
Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 4, No.5,October 2011 Pg192
[3] Saad F. Abo Moslim, Alan D. Russell, "Evaluating innovative design and construction Technologies for super hi-rise buildings on an International basis, 6th Construction Specialty Conference Toronto, Ontario, Canada June 2-4, 2005, Pg 184-4.
[4] The Hindu (Buisness line) Aug 2012.
[5] Express Health Care, Heath care Magazine Oct 2010, http://www.expresshealthcare.in/201010/stratergy03.shtml
[6] Engr. Mazhar ul Haq, Engr. Alex Liew, "Light weight/low cost construction methods for Developing countries, CBM-CI International Workshop, Karachi, Pakistan.
[7] 2nd edition Kolhapur Industrial Expo (held 28-31 Oct 2012)
[8] Building and Construction Authority ,Sustainable Construction , Materials for Building.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Response Of Ferrocement Confinement OnBehavior Of Concrete Short Column"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	V.M. Shinde1, J. P. Bhusari

Abstract: In recent years, the repair of unstrengthened and damaged reinforced concrete member by external bonding such as ferrrocement laminate is increasing which demands need of investigations on behavior of ferrocement confinements. Significant amount of work has been carried out on confinement of column with ferrocement laminates considering change in parameter such as types of meshes with different sizes, concrete grade, height of column, etc. In this study, use of ferrocement as an external confinement to concrete specimen is investigated with reference to layers of confinement and orientation of meshes. The effectiveness of confinement is achieved by comparing the behavior of confined specimen with that of unconfined specimen. The experimental program consists of testing 30 specimens under uniaxial compression. Cylindrical specimen of 120mm dia. and 600 mm height were used. Results show that the confinement of cylindrical specimen can improve the ultimate strength with single and double layer of mesh compared to unconfined specimen. Ultimate compressive strength increases with the change in orientation of square mesh from 90º to 45 º.

Keywords: Confinement, compressive strength, ferrocement, column.

[1]. Gordon B. Batson, Ronald F. Zollo , "Guide for the Design, Construction and Repair of Ferrocement''ACI 549.1R-93
[2]. B. Kondraivendhan, , "Effect of ferrocement confinement on behavior of concrete", Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 1218–1222.
[3]. G.J. Xiong, X.Y. Wu, F.F. Li, Z. Yan ,"Load carrying capacity and ductility of circular concrete columns confined by ferrocement including steel bars," Department of Civil Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, PR China. , Construction and Building Materials 25 (2011) 2263–2268 .
[4]. Abid A. Shah ,"Applications of Ferrocement in Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry Columns," International Journal of Geology Issue 1, Volume 5, 2011.
[5]. Mohammad Taghi Kazemi, Reza Morshed ,"Seismic shear strengthening of R/C columns with ferrocement jacket," Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, March 2005 Cement & Concrete Composites 27 (2005) 834–842.
[6]. Abdullah a, Katsuki Takiguchi ,"An investigation into the behavior and strength of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with ferrocement jackets",Cement & Concrete Composites 25 (2003) 233–242.
[7]. S.M. Mourad, M.J. Shannag ,"Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete square columns using ferrocement jackets," Cement & Concrete Composites 34 (2012) 288–294.
[8]. Kaushik S.K., Singh K. K., Kumar R., Sharma T. P."Performance of ferrocement encased concrete columns under fire exposure", Journal of Ferrocement 1996, volume pp191-196.
[9]. Sherif El-Tawil,1 Associate Member, ASCE, and Gregory G. Deierlein, Member, ASCE, "Strength and ductility of Concrete Encased Composite columns", Journal of Structural Engineering September 1999 1009-1019.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Roller Compacted Concrete: A Litrature Review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S.D. Bauchkar1, Dr.H.S. Chore

Abstract: The development of the roller-compacted concrete (RCC) technology in the 1980s is considered by many as a significant breakthrough in the construction industry. RCC is now commonly used all around the world for the construction of dams and pavements, and for the rehabilitation of existing structures. This report is generated to collect state-of-the-art information on general definition, detailed history, development, various applications possible with RCC, Materials mixture proportioning, properties, design considerations, construction, and RCC related literature reviews are covered. Various literature and presentation referred to study more parameters which may impact feasibility, economy, impacts and quality parameters. In India, roller compacted concrete technology adopted by Irrigation Department, Government of Maharashtra, demonstration of RCC technology through construction of three dams. All three dams are working satisfactorily and encouraged by their performance and savings five more dam are being undertaken using this technology.

Keywords – Applications, admixture, Fly ash, materials, mix design.

Kenneth d. Hansen,Ernest Schrader ,Terrance E.Arnold ,Anthony Bombich,Robert W. Cannon,James L. Cope Timothy P. Dolen* John R. Hess ,James K. Hinds* ,Rodney E. Holderbaum Allen J. Hulshizer,William F. Kepler Meng K. Lee Gary R. Mass*,John M. Scanlon Glenn S. Tarbox* Stephen B. Tatro* (*Indicates Chapter Author or Review Committee Member) ACI 207.5 R- 99 ―Roller – Compacted Mass Concrete ― Report by ACI Committee 207 ,pp 207.5R-1,2,4
2. (Ying-Kit Choi1 and Kenneth D. Hansen2,‖ RCC/Soil-Cement: What's the Difference?‖, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING © ASCE /
JULY/AUGUST 2005).pp372
3. Shiraz D. Tayabji, Terry W. Sherman,William L. Arent ,Starr Kohn Robert, W. Piggott*,James R. Berrry, Ronald L. Larsen ,Steven A. Ragan*,Larry Cole Robert W. Lopez John L. Rice,Benjamin Colucci Richard A.McComb Robert J. Risser,Mich ael I . Darter B.F. McCullough Raymond S. Rollings,Ralph L. Duncan James C. Mikulanec Michael A. Sargious,Howard J. Durham Paul E. Mueller Jack A. Scott*,Robert J. Fluhr Jon I. Mullarky Milton R. Sees,Nader Ghafoori Antonio Nanni* Alan Todres,Jimmy D. Gillard Theodore L. Neff Douglas W. Weaver,Amir N. Hanna James E. Oliverson Gerald E. Wixson,Richard L. Harvey
Thomas J. Pasko William A. Yrjanson, Oswin Keifer* Ronald L. Peltz Dan G. Zollinger, ―State-of-the-Art Report on Roller- Compacted Concrete Pavements ―Reported by ACI Committee 325 , ACI 325.10R-95 ,pp. 325.10R-2, 325.10R-3,4.
4. Richard E. Miller, Jr.,Neil A. Cumming ,Glen A. Heimbruch Celik H. Ozyildirim,Timothy P. Dolen Kenneth C. Hover Steven A. Ragan,Chiara F. Ferraris Gary.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Structural Damage Identification Using Modal Curvature Differences
Country	:	India
Authors	:	V. B. Dawari1, G. R. Vesmawala

Abstract: Structural health monitoring is gaining high importance in conjunction with damage assessment and safety evaluation of structures. Vibration based damage identification techniques are global methods that are able to assess the condition of the entire structure at once. These methods are based on the fact that damage in a structure alters dynamic characteristics of the structure. The change is characterized by changes in the eigen parameters that are natural frequency, damping values and the mode shapes associated with each natural frequency. Damage can be identified by comparing the identified dynamic properties of the damage and undamaged structure. Modal‐based damage detection methods, have received considerable attention in civil engineering applications. In the present work, method of modal curvature difference is employed for identifying and locating damage in beam models. Damage is considered as a localized reduction in structural stiffness. From the numerical simulations, it is observed that the absolute changes in modal curvature are localized in the region of damage and hence can be used to detect damage in a structure. The method is found successful for detecting and locating the damage in the beam models with different boundary conditions.

Keywords: - Damage detection, modal curvature, natural frequency, vibration based methods

1] C.R. Farrar, H. Sohn and A.N. Robertson, Applications of nonlinear system identification to structural health monitoring, Proc. of the 2nd European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Forum am Deutshcen Museum, Munich, Germany, 2004, 59– 67.
[2] M. Cao, L. Ye, L. Zhou, Z. Su and R. Bai, Sensitivity of fundamental mode shape and static deflection for damage identification in cantilever beams, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 25, 2011, 630–643.
[3] B.H. Kim, H. J. Joo and T. Park, Damage evaluation of an axially loaded beam using modal flexibility, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 11(2), 2007, 101-110.
[4] P. Cawley, and R.D. Adams, The location of defects in structures from measurements of natural frequencies, Journal of Strain Analysis, 14(2), 1979, 49-57.
[5] O.S. Salawu, Detection of structural damage through changes in frequency: a review", Engineering Structures, 19(9), 1997, 718– 723.
[6] J.T. Kim and N. Stubbs, Crack detection in beam-type structures using frequency data, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 259(1), 2003, 145-160.
[7] A.K. Pandey, M. Biswas and M.M. Samman, Damage detection from changes in curvature mode shapes, Journal of sound and vibration, 145(2), 1991, 321-332.
[8] J. Maeck, M.A. Wahab, B. Peeters, G.D. Roeck, J.D. Visschere, W.P. Wilde, J.M. Ndambi and J. Vantomme, Damage identification in reinforced concrete structures by dynamic stiffness determinaition, Engineering Structures, 22, 2000, 1339-1349.
[9] Z.Y. Shi, S.S. Law and L.M. Zhang, Improved damage quantification from elemental modal strain energy change, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 128(5), (2002), 521-529.
[10] J.M. Ndambi, J. Vantomme and K. Harri, Damage assessment in reinforced concrete beams using eigen frequencies and mode shape derivatives", Engineering Structures, 24, 2002, 501-515.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study of Influence of Land Cover on Urban Heat Islands in Pune Using Remote Sensing
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pradnya Nesarikar-Patki1, Pratima Raykar-Alange

Abstract: Urban centres with large populations tend to create microclimates different from that of the surrounding region which is called as urban heat island effect. (UHI) High-rise, high density built areas and reduction in vegetation provides multiple surfaces for the reflection of direct and indirect solar radiation as well as absorption & storage of heat. The cities are becoming complex character consisting of different surface materials of low albedo and with lack of vegetative cover. The aim of the study is to find out whether change in land cover in Pune contributes to the change in land surface temperature. The objective is to understand role & influence of various land covers to achieve better micro-climate in urban area. The method used is Remote sensing application IDRISI-Andes for prediction of temperature variations associated with different land cover types. To assess the thermal environment (UHI) of Pune for 1999 and 2006 the data is derived from LANDSAT images
Keywords: land cover, microclimates, remote sensing, temperature, UHI.

1. Oke T.1987. Boundary Layer Climates, second edition, London & New York, Methuen
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies. Climate Protection Partnership Division U.S. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
3. Ramachandra T and Kumar U. 2010. Greater Bangalore: Emerging Urban Heat Island. Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
4. Sarkar H. 2004. Study of Land cover and Population Density Influences on Urban Heat Island in Tropical Cities by Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Methodological Consideration, 3rd FIG Regional Conference Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2004, India.
5. http://glcfapp.glcf.umd.edu:8080/esdi/index.jsp [accessed on January 10, 2012, 10:23pm]

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Techno-Economic Aspect Of Reinforced Earth Construction Works
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Mhetre Abhijeet Madhusudan1, Prof.M.B.Kumthekar

Abstract: In recent years considerable research has been carried out in the field of Reinforced Earth Technology. A lot of literature is available based upon British Standard code. B.S.8006:1995. Code of practice for "Strengthened / reinforced soils and other fills‟. This code contains guidelines and recommendations for the application of reinforcement techniques to soils, as fill or in situ, and to other fills. This code also provides guidelines for safety margins in terms of partial material factors and load factors for various application and design lives.
Keywords: Facing, Geogrid, Reinforced Earth (R E), Reliable, Stabilize

1] A. Varadarajan, K.G.Sharma and M.A.A.Aly ,Design of reinforced Embankment by Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods The paper in Indian Geotechnical Journal, 30 (3), 2000 pp.100-128.
[2] Faisal Ali and Lee Chee Hai, Finite element analysis of a vertical reinforced earth wall
Published in the Academic Journals,30Sept., 2011.
[3] Keith Brabant, Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls For Support of Highway Bridge Published by UMASS Lowell, 30April, 2001.
[4] MOST Specification for Road and Bridge Works Third Rivision Published by the IRC on Behalf of the Govt.of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Nov 2000.
[5] Satyendra mittal, K.G. Garg,Swami Saran and A.N.Pathak, Rigid Wall Retaining Bottom Ash Backfill with Geogrid Reinforcement, The paper in Indian Geotechnical Journal, 31 (1), 2001 pp.88-97.
[6] S.K.Shukla and S.Chandra, Time-dependent Analysis Of Axi-symmetrically Loded Reinforced Granular Fill On Soft Subgrade The paper in Indian Geotechnical Journal, 28 (2), (1998)pp.195-211.
BOOKS:
[7] Mandal J.N., Geosynthetic world (New Dheli, new age publication, 1994).
[8] Koerner R M Designing with geosynthetics (New Jersey, prentice hall,1998).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Total Quality Management With Reference To Iso 9000 In Construction Industry
Country	:	India
Authors	:	N.N.Kulkarni1 ,Prof.D.B.Desai2,A.B.Jadhav3,N.B.Bhole

Abstract: These days "quality" has everyone's attention in the construction industry. One quality management system receiving much attention is ISO 9000.Construction firms account for only small fraction of ISO 9000. As construction projects get bigger & more complex, clients are increasingly demanding higher levels of quality, efficiency & delivery. Companies are being persuaded to adopt quality management systems in order to meet the demands of customers in a global market
Keywords: ISO 9000, Performance improvement, Quality assurance, Quality in construction, Quality system

& Lindsay Jackson Nichols, "ISO 9000: Building Operational Performance Through Quality Management." Journal of construction accounting & Taxation March/April1998.
[2] FransiscoLoforteRibeiro, Miguel Torres Curado, "How ISO 9000 standards are being used by construction companies in Portugal."1-14.(2000).
[3] RizwanU.Farooqui, Syed M. Ahmed, "ISO 9000:A Stepping stone to total quality management for construction companies?"2/5/2009,WEI (1-9).
[4] Hollis G. Bray, Jr., ISO 9000 in construction, Journal of construction Education, Fall1997, Vol.2, No. 2, PP.182-192.
[5] Abdulaziz A. Bubshait,TawfiqH.Al-Atiq, "ISO 9000 quality standards in construction",Journal of management in Engineering/November/December 1999/41-46.
[6] Kaushal Sutaria, "Lakshay management consultant Pvt. Ltd. Offers consultancy & certification services to the construction industry for achieving ISO 9001:2000 certification. Posted 6/6/2006.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Use Of Pervious Concrete In Construction Of Pavement For Improving Their Performance
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr.V. R. Patil, Prof. A. K. Gupta, Prof. D. B. Desai

Abstract: Our cities are being covered with building and the air-proof concrete road more and more. In addition, the environment of city is far from natural. Because of the lack of water permeability and air permeability of the common concrete pavement, the rainwater is not filtered underground. Without constant supply of water to the soil, plants are difficult to grow normally. In addition, it is difficult for soil to exchange heat and moisture with air; therefore, the temperature and humidity of the Earth's surface in large cities cannot be adjusted. This brings the phenomenon of hot island in city. At the same time, the plash on the road during a rainy day reduces the safety of traffic of vehicle and foot passenger. The research on pervious pavement materials has begun in developed countries such as the US and Japan since 1980s. Pervious concrete pavement has been used for over 30 years in England and the United States. Pervious concrete is also widely used in Europe and Japan for roadway applications as a surface course to improve skid resistance and reduce traffic noise. However, the strength of the material is relatively low because of its porosity. The compressive strength of the material can only reach about 20 - 30MPa. Such materials cannot be used as pavement due to low strength. The pervious concrete can only be applied to squares, footpaths, parking lots, and paths in parks. Using selected aggregates, fine mineral, admixtures, organic intensifiers and by adjusting the concrete mix proportion, strength and abrasion resistance can improve the pervious concrete greatly.

Keywords air proof concrete, hot island, pervious, pavement, porosity, skid resistance.

[infiltration rates of pervious concrete pavements", J. ASCE, 15(6), pp. 426-433.
2) Delatte, N. and Schwartz, S. (2010): "Sustainability Benefits of pervious concrete pavement", Second international conference on sustainable construction materials and technologies, Univ., of Wisconsin Milwaukee, pp. 1-9.
3) Deo, O., Sumanasooriya, M. and Neithalath, N. (2010): "Permeability reduction in pervious concrete due to clogging", J.ASCE, 22(7), pp. 741-751.
4) Gafoori, N. and Dutta, S. (1995): "Laboratory investigation of compacted no-fine concrete for paving materials", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 7(3), pp. l83-191.
5) Harber, P.J. (2005): "Application of No-fines concrete as a Road Pavement", Rep. Univ., of Southern Queensland, pp. l-130.
6) Joung, Y. and Grasley, Z.C. (2008): "Evaluation and Optimization of Durable pervious concrete for use in urban Areas", Research Rep. SWUTC, pp. l -117.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Vehicle Detect And Monitor Techniques For Intelligent Transportation - A Survey
Country	:	India
Authors	:	G.D.Parulekar1,Prof.D.B.Desai2,Prof.A.K.Gupta

Abstract: Traffic congestion in the larger cities of the world is a growing problem that has to be taken into account seriously. After an extensive survey in the field of Vehicle and Highway System, different alternatives are analyzed to solve this problem and the concept of Intelligent Transportation System is proposed as the best solution. Intelligent Transportation System includes the latest trends in this area and compares the different options. This contains separate fully-functional units with their own characteristics interrelated to each other to conform a flexible system that can respond in an effective way to solve the problem of traffic congestion. Increasing the efficiency and capacity of the existing traffic monitoring network is today's requirement due to the continuous increase in traffic volume and the limited construction of new highway facilities in urban and rural areas. Smart street systems that contain real-time signal control systems, traffic monitoring detectors, motorist communications media and control to develop smart corridors that increase the effectiveness of the transportation network. The infrastructure improvements and new technologies are being integrated with communications and displays in smart cars and public access areas to form intelligent transportation systems.

Keywords- Intelligent Transportation System, Detector Technologies.

[1] Alireza, M., "Smart Sensors", Centre of High Performance Integrated Technologies(CHIPTEC),
http:// www.eleceng.adelaide.edu [1]

[2] Ashley, S., "Smart Cars and Automated Highways", Mechanical Engineering Magazine, May 1998.

[3] Bruman, "Technologies for Intelligent Vehicle Highways: Technology Tutorial Series, V.2,Boston, Massachusetts, November 1994.

[4]Drane, C., Rizos, C., Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems, Artech House, 1998.[2]

[5] Detection Technology for IVHS – Final Report Addendum, Federal Highway Administration Contract DTFH61-91-C-00076, U.S. Department of Transportation, Wash., D.C., 1995.

[6] Elliott, S., D., Wireless Communications for Intelligent Transportation Systems, Artech House, 1995.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION CEMENT - FLY ASH –FIBERS MIX
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M.K. Vaidya1, Chore H.S2, P.Kousitha3, S.K.Ukrande

Abstract: The fly ash is a waste produced mostly from the burning of coal in thermal power station which contributes to environmental pollution. It is naturally-cementitious coal combustion by-product. Many studies have been reported in the literature on the performance evaluation of soil – fly ash system as well soil-fly ash-fiber system. Although ample studies have been reported with randomly distributed fibers, relatively less amount of work is found in respect of polypropylene fibers and cement. In view of this, an experimental investigation being undertaken for the performance evaluation of polypropylene fiber-cement-fly ash system is proposed to be reported in Dissertation report. The objective of present investigation is to quantify the optimum quantity of randomly distributed fibers and cement on the performance in terms of unconfined compressive strength especially when it is planned to be used as sub base for foundation and also in highways The results obtained so far reveals that there is significant improvement in the compressive strength with inclusion of randomly distributed fibers. Further it is observed that the optimum moisture content increases and maximum dry density decreases with increase in percentage of polypropylene fibers with stabilized Fly ash.

Keywords - Fly ash, cement, polypropylene fibers, unconfined compressive stress, indirect tensile strength

[2] Mitchell, J.K. and Katti, R.K. (1981). "Soil improvement: State-of-the-art report", In: Proceedings of 10th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, London, 261-317.
[3] Maher M.H., Butziger, J.M., DiSalvo, D.L., and Oweis, I.S. (1993). "Lime sludge amended fly ash for utilization as an engineering material, Fly Ash for Soil Improvement: Geotech, Special Publication No.36, ASCE, and New York-88.
[4] Brown, R. W. (1996), Practical foundation engineering handbook, Mc- Graw hill, New York.
[5] Edil, T.B., Acosta H.A and Benson C.H. (2006). "Stabilizing soft fine grained soils with fly Ash", Journal of materials in Civil engineering, ASCE 18(2), 283-294.
[6] Gray, D.H. and Ohashi (1983). "Mechanics of fiber reinforcement in sand" Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 109 (3), 335-353.
[7] Gray, D.H. and Al-Refeai, T. (1986). "Behavior of fabric versus fiber reinforced sand", Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 112 (8), 804-826.
[8] Gray, D.H. and M.H. Maher (1989). "Admixture stabilization of sand with discrete randomly distributed fibers", In: Proceedings of XII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio de Janerio, Brazil. Volume II, 1363-1366
[9] Al- Refeai, T.o. (1991). "Behavior of granular soil reinforced with discrete randomly oriented Inclusions", Geotextile and Geomembranes, 10, 319-333.
[10] Michalowski, R.L. and Zhao, A., (1996). "Failure of fiber reinforced granular soils", Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE 122(3), 226-234.