iosr-JMCE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-4

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Static and Dynamic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Framed Building: A Comparative Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prakash Sangamnerkar, Dr. S. K. Dubey
	:	10.9790/1684-1040107

Abstract:Reinforced concrete frame buildings are most common type of construction in urban India, which is subjected to several types of forces during their life time such as static forces and dynamic forces due to wind and earthquakes. The static loads are constant with time, while dynamic loads are time varying, causing considerable inertia effects .It depends mainly on location of building, importance of its use and size of the building. Its consideration in analysis makes the solution more complicated and time consuming and its negligence may sometimes becomes the cause of disaster during earthquake. So it is growing interest in the process of designing civil engineering structures capable to withstand dynamic loads . The behavior of building under dynamic forces depends upon its mass and stiffness properties, whereas the static behavior is solely dependent upon the stiffness characteristics.

[1]. Indian standard Criteria For Earthquake resistant design of structures-Part-1, General Provisions and Buildings , IS 1893(Part 1):2002, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[2]. Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part-1 "General Rules, Seismic actions and rules for buildings" CEN, Eurocode-8, 2002.
[3]. Indian standard of code and practice for plain and reinforced concrete for general building construction, IS 456-2000. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[4]. Indian standard code of practice for structural safety loadings standards IS-875-1987 Part-1,2 Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi .
[5]. Jain Sudhir.K.-E.course on Indian seismic code IS-1893-2002-Part-I- IIT Kanpur.
[6]. Murty. CVR. and Jain.SK "A Review of IS-1893-1984 Provisions on seismic Design of Buildings". The Indian concrete jouranal, Nov.1994.
[7]. Rai.Durgesh.C. Hemant.B. Kaushik .Jain.Sudhir. K."Acase for use of dynamic analysis in designing for earthquake forces"-Department of Civil engineering ,IIT Kanpur-India.
[8]. STAAD Pro-V8i –Structural analyses and designing software by Bentely.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Performance Improvement of a Domestic Refrigerator Using Phase change Material (PCM)
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Rezaur Rahman, Adnan hasan, Shubhra Kanti Das, Md. Arafat Hossain
	:	10.9790/1684-1040816

Abstract: The paper investigates the performance improvement provided by a phase change material (PCM) associated with the evaporator in a domestic refrigerator. The heat release and storage rate of a refrigerator is depends upon the characteristics of refrigerant and its properties. The usage of phase change material (PCM) enhances the heat transfer rate thus improve the COP (Coefficient of performance) of refrigeration. The analysis of the experiment exemplifies the improvement of a conventional refrigeration system's COP (Coefficient of performance) considerably. Using water as PCM and for a certain thermal load it is found that the COP (Coefficient of performance) of the conventional refrigerator increased by 18-26% on average. Here the phase change material (PCM) used in a chamber built manually and which surrounds the Evaporator chamber of a conventional refrigerator. The whole heat transfer from load given to refrigerator cabinet to evaporator, evaporator to phase change material (PCM) by conduction. So the heat transfer rate of evaporator refrigerant increases remarkably which improves the COP (Coefficient of performance) the refrigeration system.

Keywords: COP, Evaporator, Phase Change Material, Refrigerator.

[1] "The Advent of Mechanical Refrigeration Alters Daily Life and National Economies Throughout the World – Science and Its Times: 1800-1899". Retrieved 2007-05-20.
[2] Internet Source-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator
[3] MARQUES, C., DAVIES, G., MAIDMENT, G., EVANS, J. A. "application of phase change materials to domestic refrigerators." 9th International Conference onPhase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 2010
[4] Internet Source- http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/66729- domestic- refrigerator-parts-and-their-working/
[5] Internet Source- http://www.iolitec.de/en/Heat-Storage-Heat- Transport/phase-changing-materials.html
[6] Tulapurkar, Chetan. "Phase change materials for domestic refrigerators to improve food quality and prolong compressor of time." International refrigeration and air conditioning conference. 2010
[7] Internet Source-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_change_material
[8] Azzouz, K. Leducq, D. Guilpart, J. Gobin, D. "Improving the energy efficiency of a vapor compression system using a phase change material" Second Conference on Phase Change Material & Slurry : Scientific Conference & Business Forum. 15 – 17 June 2005 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland.
[9] Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W. (1984). Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (6th Edition ed.). McGraw Hill, Inc.. ISBN ISBN 0-07-049479-7. (see pages 12-27 through 12- 38)
[10] Simard A.P., Lacroix M., (2003), Study of the thermal behavior of a latent heat cold storage unit operating under frosting condition. Energy convers. Manag. 44, 1605-1624.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Detection of Automotive Emissions Status using Fuzzy Inference System
Country	:	Jordan
Authors	:	Mohammad Al Zubi, Ayman M. Mansour
	:	10.9790/1684-1041723

Abstract: The adoption of a fuzzy control system to determine the emission values of CO, CO2, NOx, HC and O2 from an SI engine is studied depending upon the air fuel ratio (A/F), as known that the emission values are highly related to A/F ratio, the target of the combustion process in the internal combustion engine is to be as close to stoichiometric as possible, however the driving conditions play a significant role in the value of this ratio. Fuzzy logic is used to represent, interpret, and compute vague and/or subjective information of automotive emissions. Fuzzy logic approach uses human language and thinking strategies in a way for decision making based on domain expert knowledge, and rules of thumb even for systems without any mathematical model.

Keywords: Air fuel ratio, Emissions, Fuzzy logic, Detection, Mamdani.

[1] Environmental protection Agency. Emission Standards Reference Guide.USA, www.epa.gov.
[2] Kyoungho Ahn; Hesham Rakha, M.ASCE; Antonio Trani, M.ASCE; and Michel Van Aerde. Estimating Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions based on Instantaneous Speed and Acceleration Levels. Journal of Transportation Engineering (J. Transp. Eng), Vol 128. 2002, 182-190.
[3] Kathleen C. Nitric Oxide Catalysis in Automotive Exhaust Systems . Taylor & Francis Vol. 35, Iss. 4, Science and Engineering, 1993.
[4] J. Riegel, H. Neumann. Exhaust gas sensors for automotive emission control. Germany Solid State Ionics. 2002. 783– 800
[5] Britt A Holmén, Debbie A Niemeier. Characterizing the effects of driver variability on real-world vehicle emissions. Transport and Environment,Volume 3, Issue 2, March 1998. 117–128 .
[6] Chan-Wei Wua, Rong-Horng Chenb, Jen-YungPu a, Ta-Hui Lina. The influence of air–fuel ratio on engine performance and pollutant emission of an SI engine using ethanol–gasoline-blended fuels .Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 7093–7100.
[7] Wei-Dong Hsieha, Rong-Hong Chenb, Tsung-Lin Wub, Ta-Hui Lina Engine performance and pollutant emission of an SI engine using ethanol–gasoline blended fuels . Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 403–410.
[8] Rong-Horng Chen , Li-Bin Chiang , Chung-Nan Chen , Ta-Hui Lin . Cold-Start Emissions of an SI engine using ethanol gasoline blended fuel. Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (2011) 1463e1467
[9] Zadeh, Fuzzy sets*, Information and control, vol. 8, 1965, 338-353.
[10] Jyh-Shing Roger Jang, Chuen-Tsai Sun, Eiji Mizutani, Neuro-fuzzy and soft computing: a computational approach to learning and machine intelligence (Prentice-Hall, 1997).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Importance of Development of Quality Checklists
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Eng. Shweta N. Istape, Prof. M. R. Apte
	:	10.9790/1684-1042429

Abstract: Supervision of a project requires a consistent, organized approach to each phase of construction, and checking the work performed against drawings, specifications, and conditions with contractors and suppliers. Quality control in construction typically involves insuring compliance with minimum standards of material and workmanship in order to insure the performance of the facility according to the design. Checking for accuracy in every job task is another part of quality control in construction. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance in developing quality control checklists. Checklists are generally prepared to prevent common mistakes in daily activities. Checklists are used to assure proper construction. Construction activity involves a regular sequence of operations which are needed to be checked at each level. It also provides documentations of each procedures. Visual inspections, field surveys, and laboratory testing data can be gathered using checklists. It provides an evidence, that checks has been performed by which a system can be developed to control the function of each activity.

Keywords: Audit, checklists, improvement of quality, quality assurance.

[1]. By Andrew S. Chang1; Sin-Jing Du2; and Fang-Ying Shen3, Engineer Self-Evaluation Checklist for Effective Site Visits, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.
[2]. By Daniel L. Stufflebeam, July 2000, Guidelines for developing evaluation checklist.