iosr-JMCE   Volume-5 ~ Issue-5

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Effect Of Polluted Surface Water On Groundwater: A Case Study Of Budha Nullah"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Gursimran Singh , Dapinder Deep Singh, Prof. S.K.Sharma
	:	10.9790/1684-0550108

Abstract: Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources. It is a major source of fresh drinking water in both the rural and urban regions. The groundwater quality, however in recent time has got deteriorated due to the percolation of polluted water in to the soils from the wastewater drains, polluted rivers and ponds. As a result its quality has not remained potable in many parts of the country. Contaminated groundwater of Mettupalayam Taluk in Tamil Nadu, Amravati River Basin of Karur District, Tamil Nadu, Eastern Uttar Pradesh are some of the example.

[1] Aradhi K.Krishna, et al. 2009. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical technique in an industrial
area of Patancheru , Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of hazardous materials 167 (2009) 366-373.
[2] G.S Gill and Harish Arora 2010. Determinants for contamination risk zoaning of groundwater – a case study of an industrial town of
Punjab.Water availability and management in Punjab 1-24.
[3] T.Rajaram, Ashutosh Das 2008. water pollution by industrial effluents in India: Discharge scenario and case for participatory
ecosystem specific local regulation. Futures 40 (2008) 56-59.
[4] Kaushik.A, Sharma H.R, Jain. S, Dawra. J, Kaushik. C.P, (2010), Pesticide pollution of River Ghaggar in Haryana, India, Springer
Science, Environ Monit Assess, 160:61–69
[5] Gupta.D.P, Sunita and Saharanb. J.P, (2009), Physiochemical Analysis of Ground Water of Selected Area of Kaithal City (Haryana)
India, Sciencepub, 1(2):1-5.
[6] M. Jiban Singh1*, Deljo Davis, R. K. Somashekar, K. L. Prakash and K. Shivanna, (2010) Environmental isotopes investigation in
groundwater of Challaghatta valley, Bangalore: A case study, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 4(4), pp. 226-
233.
[7] YU Weidog, DING Aizhong WU Xiaokao, (2007), Study on Relationship between Polluted River Water and Riparian Groundwater,
Journal of water science research, 296-303.
[8] Mukerjee.S and Nelliyat.P, (2006), Ground Water Pollution and Emerging Environmental Challenges Of Industrial Effluent Irrigation:
A Case Study Of Mettupalayam Taluk, Tamilnadu, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program.
[9] M.A. Momodu and C.A. Anyakora, (2010), Heavy Metal Contamination of Ground Water: The Surulere Case Study, Research Journal Environmental and Earth Sciences 2(1): 39-43.
[10] Mohamed.A.F, Yaacob.W.Z.W, Taha.M.R and Samsudin.A.R, (2009), European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.27 No.4 (2009), pp.628-635.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Burnishing Process on Behavior of Engineering Materials- A Review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prof. Ghodake A. P., Prof. Rakhade R.D., Prof. Maheshwari A.S.
	:	10.9790/1684-0550920

Abstract: Quality of Surface is an important factor to decide the performance of a manufactured product. Surface quality affect product performance like assembly fit, aesthetic appeal that a customer might have for product. The nominal surfaces of the object are represented by perfect straight line, perfect circles, round holes, straightness and absolute perpendicularity A variety of processes are used to make the designed parts. The characteristics of surfaces includes surface texture, surface integrity which is always related with manufacturing processes for maintain quality of surfaces. For better quality surface finish the main factor is surface roughness. The lower value of roughness gives higher surface finish for the manufactured product. Now in present scenario different processes like grinding, honing, super finishing, polishing, burnishing etc are used to reduce the value of surface roughness. Burnishing is one of the processes which majorly affect the surface roughness. In conventional machining processes the tensile residual stresses are induced on the surface of material, which reduces the fatigue strength of material, this can be prevented by inducing residual compressive stresses on the surface of material. Burnishing is a cold working process in which initial asperities are compressed beyond yield strength against load. The surface of the material is progressively compressed, then plasticized as resultant stresses reach a steady maximum value and finally wiped a superfine finish. The highly finished processes find the application in aerospace and aircraft industry.

Key words: Burnishing, Methods used, Mechanical properties, Surface Roughness

[1] Adel Mahmood Hassan, "The effect of ball and roller burnishing on the surface roughness and hardness of some non ferrous metal",
Jordan Uni6ersity of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, PP-385–391, 1997
[2] Fang Jung Shiou, Chien-Hua Chen, "Freeform surface finish of plastic injection mold by using ball burnishing process", National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, PP-248–254,2003.
[3] U. M. Shirsat, B. B. Ahuja, "Parametric Analysis of combined turning and ball burnishing process", International journal of
engineering and material science, Vol. 11, PP-391-396, 2004
[4] H. Hamadache, L. Laouar, N. E. Zeghib, K. Chaoui, "Characteristics of Rb40 steel superficial layer under ball and roller
burnishing", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Algeria, PP-130-136, 2006.
[5] L.N. Lopez De Lacalle, A. Lamikiz. ,J. A. Sánchez, J. L. Arana, "The effect of ball burnishing on heat treated steel and inconel 718
milled surface", Int J Adv Manuf Technol, PP-958-968, 2007.
[6] Prafulla Chaudhari, GK Awari and SS Khandare, "Investigation On micro and Macro properties of ball burnished component",
VSRD-TNTJ, Vol. 2 (3),PP- 137-143, 2011.
[7] A.S. Maheshwari, U.M. Shirsat, "Optimization of Two ball burnishing process parameters to improve material properties", S.V.
National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395 007, Gujarat, India, PP-531-535, 2011.
[8] F.Gharbi, S. Sghaier, K. J. Al Fadhalah, and T. Benameur, "Effect of ball burnishing process on the surface quality and
microstructure properties of AISI 1010 steel plates", JMEPEG, Volume 20(6), 2011.
[9] Aysus Sagbas, "Analysis and optimization of surface roughness in the ball burnishing process using response su rface methodology
and desirability function", Mersin University, Tarsus Technical Education Faculty, Department of Mechanical Education, 33400
Tarsus-Mersin, Turkey, PP-992-998, 2011.
[10] J.N. Malleswara Rao , A. Chenna Kesava Reddy and P.V. Rama Rao, "Evaluation of optimum values of surface roughness on Al
work piece using roller burnishing", International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 4, PP-
293-303, 2011.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Combustion Enhancers in Diesel Engines: Magnetic Field Option
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Daniel C. Uguru-Okorie, Ademola A. Dare
	:	10.9790/1684-0552124

Abstract: Particulate Matter (PM) is one of the major harmful substances in diesel exhaust gas. Technologies like the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) have been positioned at the exhaust to reduce the quantity of harmful substances released to the environment. This paper highlights the factors that affect combustion in diesel engines and the potential of the introduction of electromagnetic field in the combustion chamber on the improvement of the diesel engine efficiency and reduction in the quantity of Particulate Matter (PM) produced.

Keywords: Magnetic Field, Diesel Fuel, Sauter Mean Diameter, Viscosity, Combustion.

[1] Ali A. Jazie Al-Khaledy, High Performance and Low Pollutant Emissions from a Treated Diesel Fuel using a Magnetic Field, Al-
Qadisiya Journal For Engineering Sciences; Vol. 1, pp. 2, 2008.
[2] Arai, M., Tabata, M., Hiroyasu, H. and Shimizu, M., Disintegrating Process and Spray Characterization of Fuel Jet Injected by a
Diesel Nozzle, SAE Paper 85012, 1984.
[3] Busch, K.W., Busch, R.E. Darling, S.,Design of a test loop for the evaluation of magnetic water treatment devices. Process safety and environmental protection, Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1976.
[4] Carsten Baumgarten, Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion Engines, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, 2006.
[5] Deborah Elcock, Potential Impacts of Nanotechnology on Energy Transmission Applications and Needs, Environmental Science
Division Argonne National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy laboratory, Chicago, 2007.
[6] Elkortb, M. M., Prog. Energy Comb. Sci; Vol. 8, pp. 61, 1982.
[7] Filipovic, I., Analiza motornih parametara ubrizgavanja alternativnih goriva. PhD thesis, Masinski Fakultet University, Sarajevo,
1983. [8] Govindasamy, P. and Dhandapani, S., Effects of EGR & Magnetic Fuel Treatment System on Engine Emission Characteristics in A Bio Fuel Engine, Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009 (ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009,
Dhaka, Bangladesh; pp. 2-3, 2009.
[9] Hamamoto, Y., et al., Ignition Delay in Diesel Engines, Trans. of JSME; pp. 9, 1975.
[10] Henein, N. and Bolt, J., Correlation of Air Charge Temperature and Ignition Delay for Several Fuels in a Diesel Engine, SAE Paper
690252, 1969.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study on Merits and Demerits of Two Transport Systems: Battery Operated Easy Bike with CNG Operated Auto Rickshaw at Sylhet City in Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Mohammad Iqbal, Salma Akhter, Shibbir Ahmad
	:	10.9790/1684-0552532

Abstract: Auto rickshaws are tiny, three-wheeled vehicles which are used extensively in many Asian countries for transport of people and goods. The vehicles are small and narrow allowing for easy maneuverability in congested Asian metropolises. In Bangladesh, auto rickshaws are commonly used as taxis. This is due to the use of an engine, typically a 2 or 4 stroke, with almost no pollution control. Usually fuels are used in auto rickshaws. But a few years ago some auto rickshaws have been imported from china which is run by battery. The numbers of battery powered auto rickshaws are increasing day by day. This research paper includes comparison study of battery operated easy bike with CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) operated auto rickshaw in terms of cost (operating cost, manufacturing cost, maintenance cost), user friendly and environmental issue.

Keywords - Cost, Maintenance, Safety and Transport, urban, CNG.

[1] Anil K. Rajvanshi ,A Paper under the title "Electric and improved cycle rickshaw as a sustainable transport system for India".
Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Published in CURRENT SCIENCE, Vol. 83, NO. 6, 25 September 2002.
[2] A Research Title of IPRO 351 is "Solar/Battery Hybrid Three Wheeled Auto Rickshaw for India" in December 2006.
[3] Auto Rickshaw (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_rickshaw.
[4] Jarret, under Dr. Nigel Clark, A thesis paper titled "Heavy duty vehicle emission is testing" Mechanical and Aerospace department,
in West Virginia University was published in December 2000.
[5] Gair, S., A. Cruden, J. McDonald, and B. Hredzak , An articles titled "Electronic differential with sliding mode controller for a
direct wheel drive electric vehicle" at International Conference on Mechatronics (Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles) was published
in 2004.
[6] Mohammed Abu Mallouh, Bradley Denman, Brian Surgenor, Brant Peppley , A journal paper under the title "A Study of Fuel Cell
Hybrid Auto Rickshaws Using Realistic Urban Drive Cycles" was published in Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering (JJMIE) in January 2010.
[7] T. Hofman, S.G. van der Tas, W. Ooms, E.W.P. van Meijl, and B.M. Laugeman ,A research paper based on "Development of a
Micro-Hybrid System for a Three Wheeled Motor Taxi" at Stavanger, Norway, was published in 2009.
[8] Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger ,Product Design and Development- , Chapter- 7, Page 134- Concept Scoring.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparative Study of Library and Information Science Curricula in Tertiary Institutions in South-East Nigeria.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Rev‟d Obiora Nwosu, God‟sgift Ukoma Eyisi, Aghauche Esther Ekene
	:	10.9790/1684-0553341

Abstract: This study was undertaken in order to highlight and compare the curricula of the different Library Schools in the tertiary institutions, South East, Nigeria. This is a descriptive survey, using a checklist (the minimum academic standards provided by the different regulatory bodies – NUC and NBTE). All the ten Library Schools in South-East, Nigeria, were used for the study. The results of the study reveal that there are no uniformity and conformity in the curricula run in the Universities, but there are uniformity in the Polytechnics curricula. In spite of the uniformity & conformity with its regulatory body's minimum standard, the Polytechnic curriculum is not suitable for registerable status as Librarians to be accorded to its products. The regulatory bodies rely heavily and wholly on professional bodies to provide their different professional and academic programmes standards. The NLA and LRCN are not doing much yet in the area of standardization and harmonization of the curricula so as to train Librarians/Information Scientists of this 21st century.

Keywords: Library and Information Science, Curriculum, Tertiary Institutions, Comparative Study and Standards.

[1] Coles,C.(2003).Thedevelopmentofacurriculumforspinalsurgeons.http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glosary/curriculum.ht
m.
[2] Diso, Lukeman (2009). A perspective on standardization of L.I.S curricula in Nigeria. In: Chidi Nwosu and Okee Okoro (2009)
eds. Standards for LIS programmes in Nigerian Universities, Owerri: Kosoko Press. 76-85.
[3] Grund, S. (1987). Curriculum: product or praxis? Lewes: Falmer Press.
[4] Kelly, A. V. (1999). The curriculum. Theory and Practice 4e. London: Paul Chapman.
[5] Lawal Olat O. (2009). Standards for Library and Information Science Programmes in Nigerian Universities. In: Chidi Nwosu and
Okee Okoro (2009) eds. Standards for Library and Information Science Programmes in Nigerian Universities, Owerri : Kosoko
Press: 1-17.
[6] National Board Technical Education (1990). National Diploma and HigherNational Diploma in Library Science. Kaduna: NBTE.
[7] NBTE (2002). National Diploma (ND) in Library and Information Science. Kaduna: NBTE.
[8] National University Commission (1995). Minimum standard for first degree programme in Libraryand Information Science. Abuja:
NUC.
[9] Nwosu, Obiora Chukwuma (2008). Education and Training for Library and Information Science ofthe 21st century in Nigerian
Polytechnics. In: Libraries without Borders: Globalization of Library and Information Services, Nigerian Library Association. Abuja:
HEBN Publishers.
[10] Nwosu, Obiora (2009). Harmonization and Standardization of Library and Information Science curricula in Nigerian University
Library Schools. In: Chidi Nwosu and Okee Okoro (2009) eds. Standards for LIS programme inNigerianUniversities.Owerri: Kosoko
Press. 66 – 75.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Deficiencies of existing public transport system and a proposal for integrated hierarchical transport network as an improvement options: a case of Dhaka city.
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Maher Niger
	:	10.9790/1684-0554253

Abstract: Public transport plays an important role in providing easy and affordable accessibility and mobility for dwellers in a city. This demand for transportation is brought about by the increased population of connecting nodes, cities, the rural-urban migration, and the scope for socio-economical facilities i.e. better opportunities for jobs, health facilities and educational scope etc. thus the economic viability of the people which leads to an increase in the usage of private vehicles. Dhaka is an over densely populated city and its transport system comprised of many different modes of travel – both motorized and non-motorized - using the same road space – resulting in a high level of operational disorder, that significantly diminishes the efficiency and effectiveness of the existing transport uses. Dhaka is experiencing lots of traffic congestion and a great lack of traffic management. There has been no study dedicated to overcome the situation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce a well-organized, properly scheduled rapid mass transit system minimizing the existing deficiencies. In this paper, an attempt has been made to identify the deficiencies of existing public transport system to put forward for an appropriate rapid mass transit system to recover the huge demand. An overview of the existing modes of travel and operation characteristics has been described. Finally, some proposals for integrated hierarchical transport network options are highlighted with the context of prevailing land use and transport characteristics, socio-economic context of Dhaka Metropolitan city. The findings of this research help planners and decision makers to optimize the investment in transport infrastructure.

Keywords – Dhaka city, Hierarchy, Mass transit, Network, Public transport deficiencies.

[1] White. (2002). Public transport: its planning, management and operation. London: Newyork, spon press.
[2] Tiwari, G. (2002). Urban Transport Priorities: Meeting the Challenge of Socio-economic Diversity in Cities, a Case Study of Delhi, India ''Cities'', 19(2), 95-103.
[3] Beirão, G., & SarsfieldCabral, J. A. (2007). Understanding Attitudes towards Public Transport and Private Car: A Qualitative Study. Transport Policy 14(6), 478-489.
[4] Palmner, C., Astrop, A., & al., e. (1996). Attitudes and Travel Behavior of Households in Pune, India. International Symposium on Infrastructure of the Future. Bangalore, India. Transport Research Laboratory.
[5] Mackett, R. L. (2001). "Policies to Attract Drivers out of their Cars for Short Trips. Transport Policy, 8(4), 295-306.
[6] Nagari, A. T. M. H. (2001). Strategic Transport Planning for Dhaka Metropolitan Area.
[7] DUTP. (1998). Draft Final Report, Prepared by PPK. Dhaka: Mot MacDonald and Development Design Consultant (DDC), .
[8] DDC. (1998). Dhaka Urban Transport Plan Phase II Consultancy Draft Final Report (Volume III): Environmental Action Plan (EAP): Development Design Consultants (DDC) and Mott MacDonald and PPK prepared for the Ministry of Transport, Government of Bangladesh.
[9] DDC. (1998). Dhaka Urban Transport Plan Phase II Consultancy Draft Final Report (Volume III): Environmental Action Plan (EAP): Development Design Consultants (DDC) and Mott MacDonald and PPK prepared for the Ministry of Transport, Government of Bangladesh.
[10] Rahman, M. S. (2008). Future Mass Rapid Transit in Dhaka City: Options, Issues and Realities. Jahangirnagar Planning Review, 6, 69-81

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Digital Image Processing Of Friction Stir Weld Bead Surface Using Profiling and Contouring For Weld Quality Assessment
Country	:	India
Authors	:	R.Rajashekar, B.M.Rajaprakash
	:	10.9790/1684-0555464

Abstract: The shoulder of friction stir welding tool influences properties of welded or processed zone from appearance to internal microstructural features. The main function of the tool shoulder is the control of work piece material towards the probe by rotational flow generated by the tool and the force distribution under the shoulder generating required temperature and hydrostatic pressure to ensure proper containment and consolidation in forming defect free weld. The efficiency of the shoulder in this regard may be evaluated by the surface appearance and uniformity of the weld bead. In the present study, the images of weld bead surface of friction stir welded specimens produced using different process parameters is analyzed using image processing technique. The images are digitally processed and analyzed by defining suitable region of interest along good and defect weld region based on X-Ray radiography results of friction stir welded specimens. The line profile plot along the weld line and contour plot of weld bead images are plotted using MATLAB. The variation in the slope of line profile plot and appearance in the contour plot along good and defect weld regions are observed which enables to assess the quality of weld using image processing.

Keywords –Contouring, Digital image processing, Friction stir welding, Profiling, X-Ray radiography

[1]. W.M. Thomas, E.D. Nicholas, J.C. Needham, M.G. Murch, P.T. Smith, and C.J. Dawes, International Patent No. PCT/GB92/02203, GB Patent No. 9125978.8 (1991), US Patent No. 5,460,317 (1995)
[2]. J.H. Ouyang and R. Kovacevic, Material Flow and Microstructure in the Friction Stir Butt Welds of the Same and Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys, J. Mater. Eng. Perfom., 2002, 11(1), p 51–63
[3]. K. Elangovan, V. Balasubramanian, and S. Babu, Developing an Empirical Relationship to Predict Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded AA2219 Aluminum Alloy, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (2008) 17:820–830
[4]. A. Scialpi , L.A.C. De Filippis, P. Cavaliere, Influence of shoulder geometry on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 6082 aluminium alloy, Materials and Design 28 (2007) 1124–1129
[5]. Dwight A. Burford, Bryan M. Tweedy and Christian A. Widener, Influence of shoulder configuration and geometric features on FSW track properties, 6th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding Saint-Sauveur, Nr Montréal, Canada, October 10-13, 2006
[6]. S.Muthukumaran and S.K.Mukherjee, Multi-layered metal flow and formation of onion rings in friction stir welds, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology(2008), 36:68-73.
[7]. K. Kumar and Satish V.Kailas, The role of friction stir welding tool on material flow and weld formation, Materials Science and Engineering A, 485(2008), 367-374.
[8]. K.Kumar and Satish.V.Kailas, On the role of axial load and the effect of interface position on the tensile strength of a friction stir welded aluminium alloy, Materials and Design 29 (2008) 791-797.
[9]. A J Leonard and S A Lockyer "Flaws in Friction Stir welds" 4th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Park City, Utah, USA, 14-16 May 2003.
[10]. Shaowen XU and Xiaomin Deng, A study of texture patterns in friction stir welds, Acta Materialia 56 (2008) 1326-1341.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Experimental Study of Effect of Parameter variations on output parameters for Electrochemical Machining of SS AISI 202
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S. S. Uttarwar*, I. K. Chopde
	:	10.9790/1684-0556571

Abstract: This paper presents results of the Electrochemical Machining (ECM) process, which was used to machine the SS AISI 202. Specifically, the Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) as a function of ECM were determined. The experimental work was based on the Taguchi approach of experimentation and table L32 was used. Furthermore, a theoretical and computational model is presented to illustrate the influence parameter variations in results. In addition to this the influence of independent parameters such as time of electrolysis, voltage, current, concentration of electrolyte, feed rate and pressure upon the amount of material removed and SR. The results indicated that MRR was remarkably affected by variation in current and Surface Roughness decreased with increase in current. Hence, it was apparent that irregular MRR was more likely to occur at high currents. The results showed that MRR increased with increasing electrical voltage, molar concentration of electrolyte, time of electrolysis and feed rate. However, the time of electrolysis was the most influential parameter on the produced surface finish.

Keywords: Electrochemical machining; Material removal rate; Time; Feed rate; electrolyte concentration.

[1] J.A. Mc Geough, Principle of Electrochemical Machining. Chapman and Hall, London, 1974.

[2] P. Asokan, R Ravikumar, R Jeyapaul, M Santhi " Development of multi objective optimization models for Electrochemical Machining Process" Springer. Int J Adv. Munaf Technol( 2008) 39:55-63 DOI 10.1007/s00170-007-1204-8

[3] M. Haıdopoulos · S. Turgeon · C. Sarra-Bournet · G. Laroche · D. Mantovani "Development of an optimized electrochemical process for subsequent coating of 316 stainless steel for stent applications" Received: 19 January 2004 / Accepted: 24 October 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006
[4] K.L. Senthil Kumar, R. Sivasubramanian, K. Kalaiselvan, "Selection of Optimum Parameters in Non Conventional Machining of Metal Matrix Composite" Portugalia Electrochemica Acta 2009 27(4) 477-486.

[5] R V Rao, P J Pawar, R Shankar "Multi objective optimization of electrochemical machining process parameters using a particle swarm optimization algorithm" DOI:10.1243/09544054JEM1158 Proc. I mech E Vol 222 (2008) Part B

[6] J.A. McGeough and X. K. Chen, Machining methods: electrochemical, in "Kirk-Othmer J. I.

[7] S K Mukherjee, s Kumar, P K shrivastava, Arbind Kumar " Effect of valency on material removal rate in electrochemical machining of aluminium" Elesevier Journal of material processing Technology 202(2008) 398-401

[8] B Bhattacharyya S K Sorkhel " Investigation for controlled electrochemical machining through response surface methodology based approach"Elesevier Journal of Processing Technology 86(1999) 200-207.

[9] Jo˜ao Cirilo da Silva Neto, Evaldo Malaquias da Silva, Marcio Bacci da Silva, "Intervening variables in electrochemical machining‟ Journal of Materials Processing Technology 179 (2006) 92–96

[10] J.A. McGeough, Advanced Methods of Machining, Chapman and Hall, London, 1988, pp. 55–88.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Properties of Al6063 MMC Reinforced With Zircon Sand and Alumina
Country	:	India
Authors	:	J.Jenix Rino, Dr.D.Sivalingappa, Halesh Koti, V.Daniel Jebin
	:	10.9790/1684-0557277

Abstract: The present study deals with the investigation of the mechanical behaviour of Aluminium6063 alloy composites reinforced by Zircon sand(ZrSiO4) and Alumina(Al2O3) particles with a total reinforcement in Wt% is 8, and in this hybrid reinforcement the variations (0+8)%, (2+6)%, (4+4)%, (6+2)%, (8+0)% were taken in to account for investigating the properties such as density tensile strength and hardness of the composites synthesized by Stir casting technique. The mechanical properties evaluation reveals variations in hardness and the tensile strength values with the composite combinations. From the experimental studies, the optimum volume fraction of hybrid reinforcement in Al 6063 alloy on the basis of microstructure and mechanical properties it is found that the (4+4) wt% combination.

Keywords: Hybrid reinforcement, Stir casting, Mechanical properties,

[1] Daniel B. Miracle and Steven L. Donaldson, "Introduction to Composites", ASM Hand Book of Composite Materials, volume-21.
[2] Ibrahim, I. A., Mohamed, F. A., Lavernia, E. J., 1991, "Metal Matrix Composites" A Review Journal of Material Science, Vol.26, pp.1137 – 1157.
[3] J.Jenix Rino, D.Chandramohan, K.S.Sucitharan, V.Daniel Jebin"An Overview On Development Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites With Hybrid Reinforcement" IJSR, India online ISSN:2319-7064.
[4] Kandil, A., Effect of SiC Particulates as Reinforcement on the Aging Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy Composites, Metal Volume 58 (11) (2004) 721-726.
[5] Materials for Transportation Technology, Edited by P.J. Winkler (2000),Wiley-VCH.
[6] Nigamanada ray, Dilipkumarkerketta, "Some Studies on Aluminium Matrix in Situ Composites Produced by Stir Casting Method", ME Thesis NIT Rourkela, 2010.
[7] Sinclair, I., Gregson, P. J., 1997, "Structural Performance of Discontinuous Metal Matrix Composites" Material Science and Technology, Vol. 3, pp. 709 – 725.
[8] S. Sankaranarayanan R. Karthigeyan G. Ranganath "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Studies of Aluminium (7075) Alloy Matrix Composite Reinforced with Short Basalt Fibre" European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.68 No.4 (2012), pp. 606-615.
[9] Sudipt Kumar, J. AnandaTheerthan, "Production and Characterisation of Aluminium-Fly Composites using Stir Casting Method", Department of Metallurgical &Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 2008.
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