iosr-jpte   Volume-1 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – June 2014

Abstract: A study was made to establish a site for the tissue manufacturing industry. The industry is proposed to be located in the Northern part of Nigeria. It will be situated on a 615,204 square meters area, which is to be acquired prior to erection of building and other infrastructure. The major raw materials include obsolete/waste paper, carton and chipboards. The types, of machines to be used are pulper machines, chester machine, tissue recycling machine, culling machine and slicing machine. The initial capital outlay for the plant is N75 million for a start. The product will generate a total revenue over a period of three years of N97 million with a net fixed asset of N54.S million. Thus, the project is feasible even at an annual discount of 10%.

Abstract: Poly Propylene (PP) was blended with High impact poly styrene (HIPS) (10-25%) using a twin screw extruder. Then the test specimens were prepared using an injection molding machine and testings were done as per ASTM standards. The mechanical properties like Tensile modulus, Flexural strength and Flexural modulus were increased. The impact strength, Tensile strength and elongation were decreased. In the thermal properties HDT was improved because HIPS has higher properties than that of PP. The Arc resistance was little lowered. The shrinkage was decreased. Accelerated UV Weathering was also carried out using an accelerated weather-o-meter. The PP-HIPS blends were found to be photo-degradable after 125 hours of UV light exposure in accelerated Weather-o-meter and in about 2.5 months in the out-door exposure.
Key words: PP- HIPS Blends, Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical properties, SEM, and Accelerated UV Weathering.

Abstract: Seam strength is an important factor in determining the durability of a garment. Seam strength is determined by resistance to pulling force and abrasion. Seam tenacity break the fabric or the weakest stitch of seam. Seam abrasion resistance is the amount of rubbing action needed to wear away stitches in the seam strength is related to stitch type, thread strength ,thread tension, seam type,seam efficiency, width ,and stitches per inch.Loop strength of thread is more important to durability the seam need not be stronger than the fabric being sewn.A triple stitched lapped seam would not be necessary for a pair of corduroy jeans since the fabric itself is not strong and would wear out before the seam.It is better to have the thread is an overstressed seam that to damage the fabric.Our project objective is to find the seam of strength by using different type of materials.

Abstract: the pressure drop in combined sections tapered and circular for the flow of polypropylene were studied both analytical and simulation under isothermal and no-slip condition in the die wall. The predicted pressure drop values are compared with three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulation to identify effect of contraction angles, die land and radius on pressure drop. The governing equation of pressure drop was first derived to angle of tapered section, for circular section the pressure drop was studied using different die lands and radii .The three parameters were varied in the ansys Polyflow at specified polymer flow rate and the results are compared with analytical results .For the tapered section the best angle is analytically and for the simulation. For circular section of the die the results for die lands variations are almost the same but when varying the varying the radius the results differ at radii less than 2 cm and approach each other at 2 cm and above.
IndexTerms: Tapered die, circular section, pressure drop, Polyflow..

Abstract: The present study involves the eco-friendly naturally coloured cotton DDCC-1 and white cotton yarns which were used to produce pin and medium stripe khadi fabrics and given special bio-finishes viz., enzymatic de-sizing, bio-polishing and silicon softener finish and further tested to know their impact on different structural, performance and durable properties. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse their influence on one another. It was found that on special finishing, both WC and DDCC-1 yarns became finer and slight increase in cloth count; considerable reduction in bending length; improvement in crease recovery angle and drapability of both the stripe fabrics was observed. Whereas, tensile strength and elongation were reduced; and no considerable change was observed in abrasion and pilling.

Keywords: DDCC-1, Designer's fabrics, enzyme finish, medium stripe, naturally coloured cotton, physical properties, pin stripe, softener wash, and special finish

Abstract: Polypropylene is considered as one of the most important plastic types because of its substantial supreme properties such as high melting temperature, good chemical resistance and desirable mechanical properties, and achieving desired properties of Polypropylene is a significant activity, besides, gaining this properties is the most important economical factor in reactor polymerization which gives a considerable curve for performance cost polypropylene. In this paper, polypropylene properties, finding physical factor_ the form, and other factors such as molecular weight _ the type of used catalyst and molecular mass which would be expanded to properties of final polypropylene application, are all described. The state of mechanical changes _thermal and photic changes of polymer which are closely dependant to foresaid factors_ is also discussed in present paper, and this indicates the path toward achieving desired quality.
Keyword: Polypropylene ¸ Stereo specificity Stereochemistry ،Ziegler-Natta catalysts، Atacticity

Abstract: Garments washing is a novel process to impart worn-out look, to modify the appearance and to improve the comfort ability of the garments. Bleach wash is used to fade the color of denim in a higher degree as well as bleach wash has effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the denim also. This paper presents the impact of bleach wash and subsequent softening treatment on 100% cotton denim dyed with indigo dye. Garments were washed using a bleach concentration of 10 g/l for 30 minutes in 50oC temperature and then softened using standard recipe. The physical, mechanical and color properties were analyzed in before wash, after desizing, after bleaching and after softening. The properties that were analyzed include hand feel, tensile strength, seam strength, fabric weight, stiffness, dimensional stability and color fading. Bleach washed and softened garments exhibit a great difference in the physical, mechanical and color properties than the unwashed garments.

Keywords: Denim, Bleach Wash, Garments Washing, Softening

Abstract: The synthesis of direct dyes derived from terephthalic and isophthalic acid using J and H- acids was undertaken with the view of replacing benzidine moiety in the production of direct dyes. The amide derivatives of isophthalic and terephthalic acids were used as the coupling components while aniline and its derivatives were used as the source of diazo components. The amide derivatives were characterized by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Infra-red analysis. The spectroscopic properties of the dyes in various solvents were also examined and most of the dyes showed bathochromic shifts when the solvent was changed to more polar solvents. The dyes also showed positive and negative halochromism with the addition of few drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The synthesized dyes were applied to cotton fabrics and their performance properties evaluated. They have good exhaustion in the presence of electrolyte and have good wash fastness properties upon application of after-treating agents of values of 3-4, 4 and 4-5. They also had good fastness properties to light of values between 4-7. Their resistance to rubbing and perspiration had values between 3 and 4-5. The toxicity of the synthesized coupling components was studied using the Dietrich Lorke (LD50) method on Albino miceand they were found to be non-toxic.

Key words: Benzidine, direct dyes, exhaustion, electrolyte, cotton, fastness.