Volume-11 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2018

Abstract: Drug-design and synthesis leading to the Drug discovery is the area of thirst today. The prediction of the bioassay of the drug before synthesis is treated as the novel approach in drug design. Chromones have drawn the attention of many pharmacologists because of their good biological activities like anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiotic, anti HIV, and as good vasodilators and were preferred due to their less mammalian toxicity. In this paper, the authors presented the synthesis and antimicrobial activities of Schiff bases of some chromones. The Schiff base is an important class of chemicals which acts as good intermediates for synthesis of many drugs. Schiff bases of 8-amino-7-hydroxy-2 methyl (or phenyl)-3-methyl chromones 4(a-d) with a series of selected aldehydes..........

Keywords: Prediction of bioassay, Physicochemical approach, Schiff base, Synthesis.

[1]. N. Balasundram, K.Sundram, S.Samman, Food Chemistry, 99, (2006):191–203.
[2]. M.T.H. Khan and A. Ather in "Advances in Phytomedicine" vol.2, Elsevier, (2006):306 -316.
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Abstract: Recently the reports of resistance to antibacterial drugs have drastically increased. In the search of novel antimicrobial agents, green facile synthesis of substituted phenyl-thiazolocoumarinyl hydrazide was designed and achieved by one-pot reaction of substituted 4-formylcoumarin, thiosemicarbazide, and various phenacyl bromides. The substituted phenyl-thiazolocoumarinyl hydrazide were evaluated preliminarily for their anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities. The title compounds have shown excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against the S. aureus strain and E. coli with the value of low MIC ranges from 0.4 to 6.25 μg/mL. In vitro antifungal activity of compounds against fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus was found to be excellent as compared with the standard fluconazole with the MIC in the range of 0.4 to 3.12 μg/mL. Substituted phenyl-thiazolocoumarinyl hydrazides have shown potent anti-inflammatory activity against both MMP-2 and MMP-9 by gelatinase zymography compared with the standard drug as tetracycline. Docking study was performed for compounds with S. aureus DNA gyrase.

[1]. Sekhar MM, Nagarjuna U, Padmavathi V, Padmaja A, Reddy NV, Vijaya T, Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of pyrimidinyl 1,3,4- oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2018:145:1-10.
[2]. a) Gao Z, Li H, Zhang H, Liu X, Kang L, Luo X, Zhu W, Chen K, Wang X, Jiang H, a web-accessible protein database for drug target identification, BMC Bioinforma. 9 2008:1-7. b) Brown EDG, D. Wright, New targets and screening approaches in antimicrobial drug discovery, Chem. Rev. 2005:105:759-774.
[3]. Hu YQ, Zhang S, Xu Z, Lvc Z, Liu M, Feng L, 4-Quinolone hybrids and their antibacterial activities, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2017:141:335-345.
[4]. Xu Z, Feng LS, Ren QC, Chang L, Lv ZS, 4-Quinolone derivatives and their activities against Gram-positive pathogens, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2018:143:710-723.
[5]. Saiki AYC, Shen LL, Chen C, Baranowski J, Lerner CG, DNA Cleavage Activities of Staphylococcus aureus Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Stimulated by Quinolones and 2-Pyridones, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1999:43(7):1574–1577.

Abstract: Heavy metals in particular are a group of pollutants of major concern in the aquatic environment due to their toxicity. The need to find an inexpensive and effective method for heavy metals abatement from water becomes inevitable. Adsorption is very effectively used technique for this purpose but cost is an important parameter and the types of adsorbents conventionally used are expensive. This work aims to evaluate the adsorption of some heavy metals on waste tea leaves as a cheap purification method. In this experimental study, thermo modified prepared waste tea leaves are used as adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments were carried out as batch studies at different contact time, pH, amount of adsorbent, initial metal concentration and temperature............

Keywords: Heavy Metals; Adsorption; Thermo-modified; Tea-waste; Kinetics; Thermodyanmics

[1]. Ajmal, M., A. Mohammad, R. Yousuf and A. Ahmad, 1998. Adsorption behaviour of cadmium, Zinc, Nickel and Lead from aqueous solution of mangifera India Seed Shell, India. J. Environ. Hlth, 40: 15-26.
[2]. Azadeh EP, Seyed FH, Ardovan Y (2015) Surfactant-Modified Wheat Straw: Preparation, Characterization and its Application for Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution. J Chem Eng Process Technol 6: 231. doi:10.4172/2157-7048.1000231
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[4]. Amara singhe, B.M.W.P.K. and Williams, R.A. 2007. Tea waste as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Pb from wastewater. Chem. Eng. J. 132 : 299-309.
[5]. Babel, S. and Kurniawan, T.A. 2003. Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water. J. Hazard. Mater. 97 : 219–243.

Abstract: Huge amount of water pollutants are being released from the industries which is largely affecting the quality of water. Acids are found to be one of the most common water pollutants causing an adverse impact on the aquatic ecosystem and in turn bringing a negative impact on the health of human population. Hence there is a need to overcome the harmful effects by their removal from our water bodies. As these acids are water soluble and colorless we used a simple cost effective technique to separate these pollutants from water and at the same time to determine their concentration. The present analysis is aimed at the removal of acidic pollutants using the activated charcoal prepared from Mango Flowers. The method of determination of concentration of these acids is through simple volumetric analysis. The activated charcoal obtained from the Mango flowers is found to be a low-cost and effective biosorbent. The adsorption isotherms were verified by the experimental data at 250C.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption isotherms, Biosorption, Volumetric analysis, Biosorbents, Mango Flowers.

[1]. Verla AW, Horsfall M, Verla EN, Spiff AI, Ekpete OA (2012) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook.F) seed shell. Asian J Nat Appl Sci 1(3):39–50
[2]. Syeda Sameena Aziz.et.al. Adsorption Studies of Acetic Acid Removal from Waste Water Using Seeds of Brassica Nigra Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 8, ( Part -2) August 2017, pp.01-03
[3]. Syeda Sameena Aziz.et.al. Custard apple leaf powder as an Efficient Biosorbent for the removal of Acidic Pollutants from Water, IJCRT | Volume 6, Issue 1 January 2018 | ISSN: 2320-2882
[4]. Syeda Sameena Aziz and Abdul Razzak Removal of Acetic, Oxalic and Phosphoric Acids from Water Using Sawdust as Biosorbent
[5]. Syeda Sameena Aziz, Qamar and Abdul Razzak. Mango Leaves- An Effective and Low Cost Biosorbent for Acids Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Vol.8(4), 751-755, April 2018 (An International Research Journal), www.chemistry-journal.org

Abstract:Computational chemistry [1] is a branch of chemistry that uses the principles of computer science to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses the results of theoretical chemistry, incorporated into efficient computer programs, to calculate the structures and properties of molecules and solids. The programs used in computational chemistry are based on many different quantum chemical methods that solve the molecular Schrodinger equation associated with molecular Hamiltonian. We use ab-initio method for finding transition state of a bimolecular reaction. Ab-initio methods [2] is an approach to calculate energy and many other properties of molecule and it is obtained by solving Schrodinger equation. The simplest type of ab-initio electronic..............

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[2]. J.B. Foresman, "Ab Initio Techniquesin Chemistry: Interpretation and Visualization" Chapter 14 in What Every Chemist Should Know About Computing, Ed. M.L Swift and T.J. Zielinski.
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Abstract: Solving the problem of heavy metal pollution and its effects on the biota have remained a frontline issue in the public health matters of developing , and even the developed countries. Non-edible African plants –Dieffenbachia bownanii and Eleusine indica – were used to study the absorption of Cadmium, Lead Zinc and Cobalt from soils inoculated with the metal ions. 0.1M, 0.5M and 1M solutions of the metal ions were used in the inoculation. The Leaves, stems and roots of Dieffenbachia bownanii and the shoots and roots of Eleusine indica were collected in the first instance at six weeks, and then, at ten weeks of planting. Flame photometry was used to determine the.........

Keywords: Dieffenbachia bownanii; Eleusine indica; Phytoremediation; Phytotoxicity; Lead; Cadmium; Cobalt.

[1]. Scheper T. (2002), Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology (phytorem edition), Springer verlag, New York, vol 78, pp 1-3
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[3]. Jadia, D.C. and Fulchar, H.M.(2008). Phytoremediation: The Application of Vermicompost to remove Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, Nickel and Lead by sunflower plant. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 7(5): 547-558

Abstract: The Lekki and Epe lagoons are important lagoons in the southwest of Nigeria as they contribute immensely to fishery and serve as a source income to people living around them. The study investigates the sediment nutrient load at both lagoons by estimating the amount of available phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, silicate and the effect of pH and TOC on their availability. Results showed phosphate ranged from 0.2-16.7mg/kg, nitrate 10.6-25.4 mg/kg, sulphate 11.3-76.4 mg/kg and silicate 15.7-130.5 mg/kg at Lekki lagoon while concentrations for Epe lagoon ranged from 0.5-85.9 mg/kg phosphate, 15.2-39.9 mg/kg nitrate, 26.7-900.9 mg/kg sulphate and 1.1-232.2 mg/kg silicate. Epe lagoon was found to be more eutrophic than Lekki lagoon and this was attributed to the anthropogenic activities around it. A strong relationship was observed in the more eutrophic Epe lagoon between phosphate/silicate concentrations and phosphate/sulphate concentrations.

Keywords: Epe lagoon, Lekki lagoon, Nutrients, Sediment, TOC.

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Abstract: Our recent research target was to design biological active coumarin-4-thiazolidinone derivatives by using coumarin Schiff base which is pharmacologically and medicinally important scaffold. Synthesized novel coumarin-4-thiazolidinone derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv and showed moderate activity with MIC 25-100μg/mL. The antibacterial activity were also evaluated for synthesized compounds, among them compounds 5a and 5o showed the highest activity with MIC 1.6μg/mL and 0.8μg/mL respectively and these two are found to be more sensitive compounds against Gram positive bacterial strains S.aureus and B.subtilis..

[1]. Yadav S, Narasimhan B, Lim SM, Ramasamy K, Vasudevan M, Shah SAA, Selvaraj M.Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of 2‑(1H‑benzo[d] imidazol‑2‑ylthio)‑N‑(substituted 4‑oxothiazolidin‑3‑yl) acetamides, Chem Cent J. 2017: 11:137.
[2]. Khochamit N, Siripornadulsil S, Sukon P, Siripornadulsil W. Antibacterial activity and genotypic-phenotypic characteristics of bacteriocin-producing Bacillus subtilis KKU213: Potential as a probiotic strain, MICRES. 2014: DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.09.004.
[3]. Pitta E, Tsolaki E, Geronikaki A, Petrovic J, Glamoclija J, Sokovic M, Crespan E, Maga G, Bhunia SS, Saxena AK. 4-Thiazolidinone derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents: microwave-assisted synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies, Med Chem Comm. 2014.
[4]. Singh T, Khobragade D. Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiazolidine-4-One for their Antibacterial Activity. JPSBR. 2014;4:110-113.
[5]. Kawate T, Iwase N, Shimizu M, Stanley SA, Wellington S, Kazyanskaya E, Hung DT, Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of phenyl-substituted coumarins with anti- tubercular activity that target FadD32. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2013:23:6052-6059.