Volume-12 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2019

Abstract: Improving the efficiency of Indonesia's natural zeolites can be done through a modification process. The expected results of the natural zeolite modification can be applied to several remedies to the interests of the environment to control the population of pathogenic microorganisms that tend to have a negatively charge. Natural zeolite is aluminosilicate compounds with porous structure and a negative charge on the surface. Zeolite surface negative charge is neutralized by cations that can be exchanged with other cations, including cationic surfactant. Cationic surfactants such as HDTMA+ (Hexadecyltrimethylammonium) has a large molecular size that can only be exchanged with cations in the external surface of natural zeolite. Zeolite surface modification was carried......

[1]. Bekkum, H.V., Flanigen, E.M., Jansen, J.C., 1991, "Introduction to Zeolite Science and Practise", Elsevier, Netherland
[2]. Bowman, R.S., 2002, Surfactant-Modified Zeolites (SMZ)-aversatile inexpensive Sorbent For Removing Contaminant From Water, New Mexico Tech
[3]. Reeve, Peter J.,Fallowfield, Howard J., 2018, Natural and surfactant modified zeolites: A review of their applications for waterremediation with a focus on surfactant desorption and toxicity towards microorganisms, Journal of Environmental Management 205 (2018) 253-261
[4]. Hrenovic, J., et al, 2008, Interaction of Surfactant-Modified Zeolites and Phosphat Accumulating Bacteria, Journal of Hazardous Material 156 (2008) 576-582
[5]. Bowman, 2003, Surfactant-Modified Zeolites (SMZ) and Their Applications to Environmental Remediation, Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Tech

Abstract: Dioxin-like compounds such PCB-77 are highly toxic environmental persistent organic pollutants. Their environmental persistence nature is due to strong carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) bonds on their structure making them harmful to both humans and especially aquatic life. Due to this, their international production was banned by the Stockholm convention on POPs in 2001. However, poorly managed landfills and incinerators could still release them into our environment. One way of reducing their toxicity is by chemical degradation by an aid of a catalyst. This research was designed to explore the ability of palladium-copper (Pd-Cu) bimetallic aerogels as catalysts for degradation of PCB 77, a dioxin like compound which is classified as a carcinogen. Three ratios of Pd-Cu (1:1, 1:5, 1:10) were synthesized......

Keywords: Dioxine, Pd-Cu, Nanocatalyst, PCB47.

[1]. WHO/Dioxins and their health effect on human health (2016) www.WHO.int>.Mediacentre> factcsheets.
[2]. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), (2002) Geneva, Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention (http://chm.pops.int).
[3]. Rahumann.M.S.M.M.Pistone L., Trrifiro F.and Miertus S*(2000) Destruction technologies for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ICS-UNIDO 55pages. Aerogels Without pressure https://www.aerogel.org.
[4]. Liu, J., Qin, G., Raveendran, P., Ikushima, Y., (2006) Facile Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Function of β-D-Glucose-Stabilized Au Nanocrystals. Chem. Eur. J.12, 2131–2138.
[5]. Sharma,G.Kumar,A.Sharma,S.,Naushad,M.,Dwivedi,R.P.,ALothman,Z.A.,Mola,G.T.,(2017)Novel development of nanoparticles to bimetallic nanoparticles and their composites. A Journal of King Usaid. A review .www.science direct.com.

Abstract: The contamination of the marine environment by organic pollutants is of great concern. The Bizerte Lagoon is the second largest lagoon in Tunisia, and is known for different industrial and fishing activities. Due to their social and economic impact, a comprehensive assessment of the spatial distribution and partitioning of seven OCPs between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments is essential. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents in sediment ranges from 0.05% found in station S3 to 5.22% found in station S5. The OCPs were investigated in SPM and sediment from fourteen sampling stations in the Bizerte Lagoon. The levels of OCPs in SPM varied between 0.91 ng g-1 and 15.15 ng g-1. The concentrations of OCPs in sediments are in the range of 0.09-18.29 ng g-1. The Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and ΣDDT are the most dominant compounds in different studied matrices. Distribution of HCB, ΣDDT and other OCPs are different indicating different sources of contaminations. The concentrations of OCPs in different matrices are generally similar to the background levels from the Mediterranean Sea and pose no threat to human and aquatic living species......

Keywords: OCPs; SPM; sediments; distribution; Bizerte lagoon.

[1]. Barhoumi B., LeMenach K., Dévier M. H., El megdiche Y., Hammami B. & Ameur B. W. 2013. Distribution and ecological risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface sediments from the Bizerte lagoon, Tunisia. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 21, 6290-6302.
[2]. Ameur B. W., Souad T., Megdiche E. Y., Hassine B. S. & Barhoumi B. 2013. Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in mullet (Mugil cephalus) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from Bizerte Lagoon (Northern Tunisia). Chemosphere, 90, 2372-2380.
[3]. Hassine S. B., Ameur W. B., Gandoura N. & Driss M. R. 2011. Determination of chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk from Bizerte (Tunisia) in 201. Chemosphere, 89, 369-377.
[4]. Campo J., Masiá A., Blasco C. & Picó Y. 2013. Occurrence and removal efficiency of pesticides in sewage treatment plants of four Mediterranean River Basins. J Hazard Mater. 263, 146–157.
[5]. Castro-Jiménez J., Deviller G., Ghiani M., Loos R., Mariani G. & Skejo H. 2008. PCDD/F and PCB multi-media ambient concentrations, congener patterns and occurrence in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Etang de Thau, France). Environ Pollut, 156, 123–135.

Abstract: This research work was centered on the Investigation of the Inhibition Effect of Python Oil on Mildsteel Corrosion. The python oil has, in the past, been utilized for several useful purposes (especially for its medicinal values), but not necessarily for corrosion inhibition/control purposes; also, the need to get the real oil from python meat is another source of worry, as so many marketers deceive buyers of the oil in this regard. The python oil was collected from the extraction point at Umunnochi in Isukwuato L.G.A. of Abia State of Nigeria, where the dealers employed smoking techniques to separate the oil from the already-dead python meat. The oil was subjected to centrifugation, to remove inherent particulate matters. Corrosion inhibition effect of the oil on mildsteel was studied at varying medium concentrations and time at 650C, using weight loss technique. The results indicate that increase in concentration and time increases the rate of corrosion of mildsteel. It was also observed that addition of the python oil to the......

Keywords: Investigation, Inhibition Effect, Python Oil, Mildsteel.

[1]. El-Abd S.A. (2008) . The Effect of Organic Compound on the Electrochemical Behavior of Steel in Acid Media: A Review; International Journal of Electrochemical Science; 3(2): 528-532.
[2]. Ita B.I and Effiong O.E. (2000) . Inhibition of Mildsteel Corrosion in Hydrochioric Acid by 2-Amion Pyridine and 2-Amionmethyl Pyridine; Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science 6(1): 51-55.
[3]. Offurum J.C, Chukwu M.M., Mbadike C.A., Nwakaudu A.A. and Iheme C. (2019). Determination of the Phytochemical Properties of Oil Extracted from Meat of Python Bivittatus . IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology; 13(11): 16-20.
[4]. Okafor O.P, Ebenso E.E. and Ekpe U.J. (2004). Inhibition of the Acid Corrosion of Aluminum by Some Derivative of Thiosemi-carbazone . Ethiopian Chemical Society Bulletin; pp. 181-192.
[5]. Onen A.I., Maitera O.N., Joseph O.W. J. and Egbenson E.E. (2011) . Corrosion Inhibition Potential and Adsorption Behaviour of Bromo-phenol Blue and Thymol Blue Dyes on Mildsteel in Acid Medium; International Journal of Electrochemical Science; 6(9): 2884-2897.

Abstract: Circumstances in which God are placed, and over which we have no control, seem to change our entire outlook. The thoughts we entertain; the kind of reading; we select; the habits of judgment we cultivate – all have their effect upon our hearts. Let the windows of the soul be kept constantly open toward heaven. All availing strength comes from above. The highest standard put before ins is not our fluctuating emotions, but our earnest doing God's Will.

Keywords: CNO, IOSR, Event Horizon, Black Hole, Bhagwad Gita, Durga Shaptashati, P vs NP.

[1]. God is logically exist in words, Author, Young Tigress, Published by IRA Publications, New Delhi.
[2]. Why Snow White Met Seven Dwarfs, Author, Young Tigress, Published by IRA Publications, New Delhi.
[3]. The Great Family, Author, Young Tigress, Published by IRA Publications, New Delhi.
[4]. Research Paper, The P Vs NP, Published in IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN 2778-0661, p-ISSN 2278-8727, Volume 21, Issue 5, Ser. III (Sep – Oct 2019)
[5]. Research Paper, Updated Examples to Reimann Hypothesis, IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM).

Abstract: Silver nanoparticles decorated polyaniline (PANI-AgNPs) nanocomposite material were prepared through the chemical polymerization followed by the liquid impregnation method with additional reduction process to achieve an effective catalyst working in the visible region. The resulting particles are characterized by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The photocatalytic activities of the PANI-AgNPs, TiO2 nanoparticles (P25) and bare PANI were revealed in degradation of methylene blue (MB) under solar light exposure, respectively. Compared to bare PANI and TiO2 nanoparticles, PANI-AgNPs showed enhanced catalytic activity which provided 99% degradation of dye in 120 min. So, highly efficient and stable photocatalyst which can be active in visible light was produced by simply adding AgNPs onto conducting polymer PANI by using green and fast methods.

Keywords: Semiconductor photocatalysts, environmental remediation, polyaniline, dye removal.

[1]. U.G. Akpan, B.H. Hameed, J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 170, 520.
[2]. R.Y.-L. Yeh, Y.-T. Hung, R. L.-H. Liu, H.-M. Chiu, A. Thomas, Int. J. Environ. Stud. 2002, 59, 607.
[3]. H. Metivier‐Pignon, , C. Faur‐Brasquet, P. Jaouen, P. Le Cloirec, Environ. Technol. 2003, 24, 735.
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[5]. H. Peidong, L. Mingce, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2016, 181, 103.

Abstract: A reliable and sensitive indirect sequential injection method with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of ascorbic acid in various pharmaceutical preparations is proposed in this paper. The method is based on a redox reaction between ascorbic acid and permanganate in 0.1 mol L–1 sulphuric acid medium. The fading permanganate color as a result of the proposed reaction, was measured at 548 nm. The method involved the injection of 250 μL of ascorbic acid sample or standard, into the holding coil containing potassium permanganate as carrier solution. In the next step the injected volume of standard or sample is dispensed through the detector. This simple two step procedure enables high sample throughput of 240 h–1. The relative standard deviation was calculated to be 0.35.....

Keywords: Ascorbic acid, Vitamin C, Sequential injection analysis, Spectrophotometry.

[1]. Haworth W.N, Hirst E. LSynthesis of ascorbic acid. Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. 1933; 52: 645-47.
[2]. Güçlü K, Sözgen K, Tütem E, Özyürek M, Apak R. Spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid using copper(II)–neocuproine reagent in beverages and pharmaceuticals. Talanta. 2005;65(5): 1226-1232.
[3]. Levine M. New concepts in the biology and biochemistry of ascorbic acid The New England Journal of Medicine. 1986; 314(14): 892-902.
[4]. Njoku P. C, Ayuk A. A, Okoye C.V. Temperature effects on vitamin C content in citrus fruits. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. (2011); 10: 1169-2011.
[5]. Jelodar G, Akbari A, Nazifi S. The prophylactic effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress indexes in rat eyes following exposure to radiofrequency wave generated by a BTS antenna model. International Journal of Radiation Biology. (2013); 89(2): 128-31.

Abstract: The present work has formulated an effective inorganic coagulation-disinfection-adsorbent using iron (III) sulphate, calcium hypochlorite and ash prepared from locally available raw materials of scrap metal from Abakaliki mechanic village, carbide sludge derived from calcium carbide in oxy-acetylene welding shops and unripe banana peels respectively. The effectiveness of the formulation was investigated on five borehole water samples used for drinking in Onicha towns of Ebonyi State, Nigeria and compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limit . The result showed that heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn) were reduced after treatment of the water with the product. This work is to give information on the nature of the boreholes water in Ebonyi State and to provide solution on how to remove heavy metals from heavy metal contaminant boreholes.

Keywords: coagulation-disinfection-adsorbent, boreholes water, heavy metals.

[1]. Ababio, O.Y (2010). New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools, 5th Edition, Africana First Publishers PLC, Onitsha. 120 - 489.
[2]. Afiukwa, J.N., Arua, S.N and Beckie, J.I (2009). Heavy Metal Analysis of some drinking Water Sources and the Status of Water Related Diseases Cases in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal Research in Physical Science 5(3), 98-103.
[3]. A.Thirulogachandar, M.E; Rajeswari, M and Ramya, S (2014). Assessment of Heavy Metals in Gallus and their Imparts on Human. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(6), 234-239
[4]. Babayemi, J.O; Dauda, K.T, Nwude, D.O and Kayode, A.A.A (2010). Evaluation of the Composition Chemistry of Ash and Potash Various Plant Materials-A review: Journal of Applied Sciences, 10, 1820–4.
[5]. Chukwudebelu, J.A; Igwe, C.C; Taiwo, O.E and Tojola, O.B (2013). Recovery of Pure Slaked Lime from Carbide Sludge: Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(6), 490 – 495.

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to document the alkalis metal level of banana peels ash with a view of using it as a source of alkali for metals removal from metals polluted water. This was carried out by ashing the peels and dissolving it in distilled de – ionized water. The analysis on the solution was done using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) (Buck 205). The level of essential metals appear in this order: K > Fe > Ca > Mg > Mn > Zn > Na. Potash content obtained was 26.4% of 100g banana peels ash used which gave percentage purity of 69% and a purity of 80% on re-crystallization. The toxic element (lead) in the ash was within the limit of World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The ash was characterized using X – Ray Diffraction (XRD) which gave a sharp peak at 2 theta = 28.5O and Brunauer Emett Teller (BET) which gave the surface area and pore size as 63.27m2g-1 and 21.07 Ao respectively. The efficacy of the alkalis were tested in five borehole water invested with metals at Abakaliki between Nov. 2017 – Jan. 2018 and May – July, 2018. Results showed that the following metals Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, Na, and Zn except K were reduced in all the water samples for both periods.

Keywords: Banana peels ash, alkalis, essential elements, toxic elements, metals, polluted water.

[1]. Abbasi, Z; Alikarami, M; Nezhad, E. R; Moradi, F and Moradi, V. (2013). Adsorbent removal of Co2+ and Ni2+ by peels of Banana from aqueous solution. Universal Journal of Chemistry 1 (3): 90 - 95
[2]. Afiukwa, J. N.. Arua, S. N. and Beckie, J. I. (2009). Heavy Metal Analysis of some drinking Water Sources and the Status of Water Related Diseases Cases in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal Research in Physical Science, 5 (3), 98-103.
[3]. Akinyosonye, V. O (1991). Tropical Agriculture, Macmillan Publishers Limited, Ibadan, 65-68.
[4]. Anhwange, B.A; Ugye, T.I and Nyiaatagber, T.D (2009). Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry 8 (6), 437 – 442.
[5]. A.Thirulogachandar, M.E; Rajeswari, M and Ramya, S (2014). Assessment of Heavy Metals in Gallus and their Imparts on Human. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. Vol. 4. Issue 6. June 2014. www.ijsrp.org.