Volume-13 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

Abstract: Heavy metals contamination in drinking water is of great concern because of their toxicity and non-biodegradability. Therefore, their removal is paramount. Recently, adsorption has gained a great attention from researchers due to availability of the materials and associated capacity compared to conventional methods of water treatment.Various chemical treatment methods have been employed to boost the capacity of the adsorbents, one of them being the use of ethylenediamine. In this study, a novel quaternised adsorbent was synthesized for complexation of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ions form aqueous solution. Raw Artocarpus heterophyllus L. seeds were chemically modified with thionyl chloride followed by ethylenediamine. Both raw and quaternised adsorbents were characterized by FTIR and applied for equilibrium......

Key words: Artocarpus heterophyllus L. seeds, ethylenediamine, quaternised equilibrium, complexation

[1]. Adewale, A. and Vargas, A. (2017). Chemical Modification of Cellulose Isolated from Underutilized Hibiscus sabdariffa via Surface Grafting: A Potential Bio-based Resource for Industrial Application. Kemija u Industriji, 66 (7-8): 327−338.
[2]. Alwared, A. I. and Sadiq, N. A. (2019). Competitive removal of lead copper and cadmium ions by sorptive flotation using marble wastes. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 23 (2): 156-178.
[3]. Baby, R., Saifullah, B. and Hussein, M.Z. (2019). Palm Kernel Shell as an effective adsorbent for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated water. Scientific Reports, 9 (1): 1-11. [4]. Berhe, S., Ayele, D., Taddesse, A.M. and Hailu, A.M. (2015). Adsorption Efficiency of Coffee Husk for Removal of Lead (II) from Industrial Effluents: Equilibrium and Kinetic Study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5 (9): 1-8.
[5]. Bii, T.A., Mwangi, I.W., Wanjau, R.N., Swaleh, S., Ram, M.and Ngila, J.C. (2016). Remediation of Some Selected Heavy Metals from Water Using Modifiedand Unmodified Mushrooms. Journal of Pollution Effects & Control,4 (2): 1-15.

Abstract: Methyl salicylate (an ester) can be hydrolyzed to produce salicylic acid. The two different functional groups on the aromatic ring are utilized in this lab. First, the free carboxylic acid group will be produced when we hydrolyze the methyl salicylate. Methanol is the alcohol which is released by hydrolysis. The current study shows that for the Methyl Salicylate ester all parameter was calculated using Wynne-jones and Eyring equation. Here standard entropy and enthalpy found to decrease in various mixture. This may be due to greater desolation of initial state compared to the transition state. H° and S° were found to increase in water dioxan mixture whereas free energy was found to increase in both cases with increasing composition of organic co solvent.........

Keywords: Hydrolysis, Methyl Salicylate, Nitrogenous, Non-Nitrogenous Medium.

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Abstract: In this paper, a sustained-release system of captopril (CAPT) loaded on large-size graphene oxide (GO) carrierwas prepared. The cytotoxicity of GO with large–size and different concentrations and GO-CAPT to human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) and primary mouse hepatic fibroblast cell lines was investigated byusing three different kits from three aspects: cell proliferation, cell structural integrity and cell apoptosis and necrosis.The results showed that CAPT was successfully loaded onto GO through hydrogen bonding.Compared with the control group of deionized water, the cytotoxicity of GO-CAPT and deionized water is not much different. GO and GO-CAPT did not cause obvious cell apoptosis or necrosis.This indicates that GO and GO-CAPT have low cytotoxicity and are suitable for further biological applications.

Keywords: Graphene oxide; Captopril; low cytotoxicity; sustained–release system

[1]. Ying Chen, Chih–Hsueh Lin, Mei–Jy Jeng. Effects of intratracheal captopril on severely meconium–injured piglet lungs[J]. J Chin Med Assoc, 2019, 82(6):505–509. DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000044.
[2]. Swathi N, Jayaprakash D. Formulation Development and Evaluation of Captopril Mouth Dissolving Films[J]. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2019, 12(3):17–27. DOI: 10.20902/IJCTR.2019.120303.
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Abstract: Healing of extraction socket leads to the dimensional changes which will affect the placement of the implant and its emergence profile. Atraumatic extraction, socket preservation technique, and immediate implant placement decrease the alveolar bone resorption by maintaining the postextraction socket. Hürzeler et al. introduced socket-shield technique by keeping a buccal fragment of the tooth to prevent the buccal cortical bone from resorption. This study represents a 10 patients with grossly decayed teeth indicated for extraction replaced with an immediate implant. While examining....

Key words: Anterior implant, immediate implant, ridge preservation, socket-shield technique

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[4]. Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K. Proximal socket shield for interimplant papilla preservation in the esthetic zone. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2013;33:e24-31.
[5]. Resnik RR, Misch C. Prophylactic antibiotic regimens in oral implantology: Rationale and protocol. Implant Dent 2008;17:142-50.
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Abstract: 4-amino benzaldehyde was diazotized with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at 00c and then it was coupled with phenol in alkaline medium giving 4'-formyl-4-hydroxy phenyl azobenzene. 4'-(6-nitro benzoxazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxy phenyl azobenzene was synthesized by treating 4'-formyl-4-hydroxy phenyl azobenzone with 2-amino-5- nitro phenol in presence of silica-Supported sodium hydrogen sulphate in the solvent medium of THF under reflux for 16h. 4'-(6-nitro benzoxazol-2-yl)-4- (allyloxy)-phenyl azobenzene was synthesized by treating 4'-(6-nitrobenzoxazol-2-yl) – 4-hydroxy phenyl azobenzene with allyl bromide in presenceof potassium carbonate and catalytic amount of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide in the solvent medium of acetonitrile under stirring at 800c for 10h. Poly(siloxane) was synthesized by treating the allyl monomer with poly (methyl hydro siloxane) in presence of catalyst hydrogen hexachloro palatinate (IV) hydrate in the solvent medium of toluene under reflux at 1500c for 6h.

Key words: Non-liner optical, benzoxazole, Polysiloxane, hydrosilyation

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Abstract: A series of novel 1-amino dibenzo[b,d]furan derivatives weresynthesised via the 1,3-dinitrophenol with iodophenol compound. The chemical structures of the compound were elucidated by 1H NMR,13C NMR. The mass of the synthesized compounds was estimated by LCMS.The functional groups present in the title compound were revealed from FT-IR and confirmed by elemental analysis. These compounds were also screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Keywords: 1-nitro dibenzofuran;1-amino dibenzofuran;antimicrobial activities

[1]. Jose Barreto, Tanmaya Joshi, Venkatachalam.T.K, David Reutens.C, Bim Graham andLeoneSpiccia,Journal of coordination chemistry, 2015, 68:2, 335-349.
[2]. LeyleYuttta.S, Usama Abu Mohsen, Ye Sim Ozkan,SimlaCobanoglu, Serkan Levent andZafer Asim Kaplancikli, Journal of enzyme inhib med chem, 2016,31(6), 1177-1183.
[3]. SahadevChirke.S, Jattuboyina Siva Krishna, Balaji Rathod.B, Srinivasa Reddy Bonam,Vijay Khedkar.M, BatchuVenkateswara Rao, HalmuthurMahabalarao Sampath Kumar andPrakasham Reddy Shetty,Journal of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, 2017, 2,7309-7318.
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Abstract: The pollution of River Nile and its tributaries is greatly obsessing the concerned authorities and stakeholders. To assess the effect of sewage effluent on the White Nile River at southern Khartoum City, a total of 180 water samples were sampled from different sites: the main treatment pools, the effluent carrier canal, discharge joint with the river, before and after discharge joint, and analyzed for routine physicochemical parameters. The mean values obtained were: T (35.0 C0), EC (1859.7 dS/m), TSS (480.3mg/l), SOM (8.99 mg/l), TDS (1078.61 mg/l), DO (0.46 O₂/l), TA (580.0 mg/l), TH (174.11 mg/l), Ca++ (37.1 mg/l), Mg++ (22.2 mg/l), Na+ (249.4 mg/l), K+ (29.9 mg/l), NO3⁻ (48.5 mg/l), NH3- (24.83 mg/l), Cl- (353.57 mg/l), SO4²⁻ (16.6 mg/l), PO₄³⁻ (10.15 mg/l), S²⁻ (37.73 mg/l), SOM (7.58 mg/l), BOD (320.70 mg/l) and COD (569.40 mg/l). These mean values found to be significantly different comparing to the control, indicating the low performance of the treatment plant. It may be concluded that the effluent of Industrial Military Factory and Soba Wastewater Treatment Plant is negatively impacts the water quality of the White Nile River and poses hazard to the aquatic life and the public health at the surrounding environment.

Key words: sewage, effluent, treatment, plant, wastewater, physicochemical.

[1]. Abdellah, A.M., Abdel Magid, H.M. and Nadia A. Yahia, N.A. 2012a. Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Al-Butana Region of Sudan. Journal of Applied Sciences, 12(1): 64 -70.
[2]. Abdellah, A.M., Abdel Magid, H.M. and Nadia A. Yahia, N.A. 2012b. Prediction of nitrate contamination trends of groundwater in Al-Butana region of Sudan. Journal of Environmental Science and Water Resources, 1(6): 133 -143. http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org
[3]. Abdellah, A. M. (2014). Assessment of the Drinking Water Quality in Some Wells in Al-Butana Region of Sudan, published PhD thesis, Journal of Water Research, 08 July, 2014, https://sites.google.com/site/photonfoundationorganization/home/journal-of-water-research
[4]. Abdellah, A.M., Abdel Magid, H.M., El-Tingari, M.M.B. and Adam, F.A. 2014. Assessment of drinking water quality in Grand Khartoum City, Khartoum State, Sudan. J. Atoms and Molecules, 4(1): 645-655.
[5]. Abdel-Magid, H.A., Abdellah, A.M., Ahmed, M.J. and Adam, F.A. 2014. The Impact of Wadefea Sewage Treatment Plant Effluents on the Surrounding Environment, Khartoum North, Sudan, Research Open Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 2(1): 1 -14. http://scitecpub.com/Journals.php

Abstract: During the last few decades one of the sources of vast attention for researchers has been Liquid crystals (LCs). LCs have unique properties and wide applicability. As LCs design and property vary with linking groups and terminal groups, they can be designed in a large number of ways and hence their preparation becomes important. Not all properly designed compounds show LC properties. Thus their characterization is also crucial, so as their applications. In this review article, the aim is to focus on the different preparation methods of LCs, various characterization techniques, and recent advances in the application of different types of liquid crystals.

Keywords: liquid crystals, nano-structures, cross-coupling, drug delivery

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[3]. J. P. Lagerwall, G. Scalia, Current Applied Physics, 2012, 12(6), 1387-1412.
[4]. T. Imran, S. Sadhana, R. Vivek, S. Iftequar, Int. J. Pharm. Res. Allied Sci., 2012, 16-11.
[5]. I. Dierking, S . Al-Zangana, Nanomaterials, 2017, 7(10), 305.

Abstract: Electrochemical investigation of the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in KOH in the presence of 2.5 M and 4.0 M urea was carried out using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The effects of the addition of KI and adsorption characteristics were also evaluated. The result for the weight loss measurements showed that weight loss of the aluminium was greatly reduced in the presence of the inhibitor. The addition of KI was seen to have synergistically reduced the weight loss further as concentration and time increased. Electrochemical result showed that the inhibitor reduced the cathodic and anodic current densities, and that urea functioned as a mixed type inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency increased also as concentration and time prolonged. Adsorption characteristic revealed that ΔGads gave a negative value, showing that the adsorption process is spontaneous and feasible

Keywords: Aluminium, Corrosion, Electrochemical, Inhibition efficiency, Adsorption.

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Abstract: In the present study water samples were collected on monthly basis from three sampling sites of Song river viz. Raiwala (S1), Lacchiwala (S2) and Chhidarwala (S3). The evaluation of various physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, Velocity, Transparency, Free CO2, DO, Turbidity, Total dissolved solids, Alkalinity, Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Phosphate, Nitrate, Sodium and Potassium were analysed has been carried out in selected sites. The physico-chemical conditions were favourable for growth and survival of aquatic organisms.

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