Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: In this work, the sensitivity analysis of a process for the production of propene from methanol, otherwise known as methanol-to-propene (MTP) process, has been carried out. The study was accomplished by developing a model of the process involving an equilibrium reactor, a kinetic reactor, two pieces of cooling equipment and a separator with the aid of Aspen HYSYS using Wilson model as the fluid package. The selected input variables were feed flow rate, temperature and pressure that were varied and the output variables, which were the mole fractions of the process components, were recorded during the simulation. The results obtained from the sensitivity analysis involving variations in the feed flow rate revealed the validity of the developed process model because the output variables were found not to change with changes in the feed flow rate under the same temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the results showed the sensitivity of the process towards feed temperature at all the exits (reactor 1, reactor 2 and final outputs) and feed pressure at the final output considered for the process.

Keywords: Methanol-to-propene, dimethyl ether (DME), sensitivity analysis, Aspen HYSYS.

[1]. Jean, L. (2005). Effect of Process Parameters on Methanol to Olefins Reactions over SAPO Catalysts. Master of Science Thesis. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 116 pages.
[2]. Olomolehin, O.C. (2018). Modelling, Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Methanol to Propylene Process Using Aspen HYSYS. Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, 62 pages.
[3]. Olah, G.A., Goeppert, A. and Prakash, G.K.S. (2006). Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy, 307 pages.
[4]. Stöcker, M. (2010). Methanol to Olefins (MTO) and Methanol to Gasoline (MTG), Chapter 22, Zeolites and Catalysis: Synthesis, Reactions and Applications. Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
[5]. Aspen. (2015). Aspen HYSYS V8.8 [34.0.0.8909], Aspen Technology, USA.

Abstract: The competitive kinetics applied with assurance and determine the kinetic in milliseconds due to fast bromination reaction. Determination of kinetics is fundamental aspects for the design and operation of the
reactor. Competition kinetic method was proposed to determine directly bromination rate constant of regioisomers of Xylidine.The specific reaction rates determined from this study are 1.7 x 105M-1S-1 for 3,5
Xylidine, 1.4 x 105M-1S-1 for 2,5 Xylidine and 1.2 x 105M-1S-1 for 2,3 Xylidine. Kinetic evidence gives information about mechanistic route.

Keywords: Regioisomers of Xylidine, Competitive kinetics, Bromine, Potassium nitrate, potassium iodide.

[1]. Bhore J.B.and Dangat V.T. Fast Bromination of Regioisomers of Cresol International journal of science and Technology2014 Vol.2(4)142-144.
[2]. Meyer ( 2012 ) Xylidines,Ulimann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley,VCH doi;10,1002/14356007,a28;455
[3]. Subhashchandra bose Article:Kinetic and product selectivity J ISRN Chemical Eng.Vol.2013Doi.org/10.1155/2013/591546 pp17
[4]. Murtaza Sayed Noor S.Shah,Javed ali Khan; competition kinetics an experimental approach;2017 Doi;10.5772/intech open.704,83
[5]. A.Frost warrieic schwemer J.Am.Chem.Soc.1952 Doi.org/10.1021/jao1125a038pp1268-1273

Abstract:A number of new derivatives of N-(1H-indol-5-yl)-2-(((5-substituted benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)methyl)amino)acetamides (6a-n) are prepared by the reaction of (5-substitutedbenzo[d]thiazol-2-
yl)methanamines (5a-n) with 2-chloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)acetamide (3)in presence of sodium methoxide in DMF. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of all the new derivatives of N-(1H-indol-5-yl)-2-(((5-substituted
benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)amino)acetamides (6a-n) were evaluated against some bacterial and fungal strains and showed promising results. The structures of the resulted compounds were identified and confirmed by
elemental analysis , mass, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopies..

[1]. Gupta A and Rawat S: Synthesis and cyclization of benzothiazole: Review. Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 2010, 3(1), 13-23.
[2]. Gupta S, Ajmera N, Gautam N, Sharma R and Gauatam D: Novel synthesis and biological activity study of pyrimido [2,1-b] benzothiazoles. Ind J Chem 2009, 13(48B), 853- 858.
[3]. Kumbhare RM and Ingle VN: Synthesis of novel benzothiozole and benzisoxazole functionalized unsymmetrical alkanes and study of their antimicrobial activity. Ind J Chem 2009; 48B: 996-1000.
[4]. Maharan M, William S, Ramzy F and Sembel A: Synthesis and in-vitro evaluation of new benzothiazole derivaties as schistosomicidal agents. Molecules 2007, 12, 622-633.
[5]. Murthi Y and Pathak D: Synthesis and Antimicrobial screening of Substituted 2-Mercaptobenzothiazoles. J Pharm Res 2008, 7(3), 153-155..

Abstract: The ligand 1-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)thiosemicarbazide (H4L) was prepared by reaction of thiosemicarbazide and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde in a reflux ethanol solution. The complexes are prepared by reaction of the ligand with the appropriate metal salt in methanol solutions. Elemental analysis, IR and UV spectroscopies, conductance measurement, fluorescence and room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement were used to characterize the compounds. For the zinc complex its structure was determined by single X-ray diffraction technic. The zinc compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I41/cd with the following unit cell parameters: a = 14.1357(3) Å, b = 24.9289(9) Å, V = 4982.2(3) Å3, Z = 16, R1 = 0.033 and wR2 = 0.08. In the crystal of the mononuclear complex [Zn2(H3L)2Cl2].(CH3OH)2 each Zn(II) center is five coordinated by one nitrogen atom,.....

Keywords: Schiff base, metal transition, crystal, luminescence, square pyramidal.

[1]. H. Wang, A.M.S. Hossain, Q. Zhang, J. Wu, Y. Tian, Synthesis, crystal structures and third-order nonlinear optical properties of 4-formylpyridine Schiff base of thiosemicarbazide, and its dinuclear copper(I) and silver(I) complexes, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2014, 414, 153–159.
[2]. Z. Piri, Z. Moradi–Shoeili, A. Assoud, Ultrasonic assisted synthesis, crystallographic, spectroscopic studies and biological activity of three new Zn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes as precursors for nano-metal oxides, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2019, 484, 338–346.
[3]. M.K. Bharty, A. Bharti, R. Chaurasia, U.K. Chaudhari, S.K. Kushawaha, P.K. Sonkar, V. Ganesan, R.J. Butcher, Synthesis and characterization of Mn(II) complexes of 4-phenyl(phenyl-acetyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide, 4-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiolate, and their application towards electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction, Polyhedron, 2019, 173, 114125.
[4]. N.N.M. Ishak, J. Jamsari, A.Z. Ismail, M.I.M. Tahir, E.R.T. Tiekink, A. Veerakumarasivam, T.B.S.A. Ravoof, Synthesis, characterisation and biological studies of mixed-ligand nickel (II) complexes containing imidazole derivatives and thiosemicarbazide Schiff bases, J. Mol. Struct., 2019, 1198, 126888.
[5]. N. Arshad, P. [Ali Channar, A. Saeed, S.I. Farooqi, A. Javeed, F. [Ali Larik, W. [Ahmad Abbasi, U. Flörke, Structure elucidation, DNA binding, DFT, molecular docking and cytotoxic activity studies on novel single crystal (E)-1-(2-fluorobenzylidene)thiosemicarbazide, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 2018, 22, 1003–1013..

Abstract: The research workinvestigated the effect of employing synthesized single crystal structure of coordination polymers as standard teaching materials as compared to improvised teaching materials and tradition methods in teaching coordination chemistry in Colleges of Education in South-South Geographical Zone of Nigeria. A quasi-experimental research design of the pretest-posttest non-randomized control group was adopted for the study. .A total of 153 Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) IIchemistry students were chosen for the researchemploying intact classes while stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting the four Colleges of Education. Three instruments were adopted for the research: Achievement Test in Chemistry (ATC) and Chemistry Retention.......

Keywords: Coordination chemistry, Improvised teaching materials, Standard teaching materials, Academic Achievement and coordination polymers.

[1]. Abdu-Raheem, B. O. (2014). Improvisation of instructional materials for teaching and learning in secondary schools as predictor of high academic standard. Nigerian Journal of Social Studies, 17(1), 131-143.
[2]. Abdu-Raheem, B. O. andOluwagbohunmi, M.F. (2015). Pre-service teachers' problems of improvisation of instructional materials in social studies in Ekiti State University. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(3), 160-16.
[3]. Adalikwu, S. A, Chakraborty, A,Hazra, A, Ghosh, D, Pati, SK andMaji, T. K. (2016). 2D coordination polymer composed of 1D {NiII(μ-O)(μ-H2O)NiII}n ferromagnetic chains: Modulation of magnetic properties based on dehydration and rehydration Polyhedron,115, 276-281.
[4]. Adalikwu, S. A, Offiong, O. E. andAyi, A. A. (2017). Solvent-mediated synthesis of M(II)-coordination polymer Part 1: crystal Structure of poly[(1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene-k2N,N')-bis(1,4-benzenediacetato k4O,O',O",O")zinc(II)], C22H18ZnN2O4, Molbank. M952
[5]. Adalikwu, S. A. and Iorkpiligh, I T. (2013). The influence of instructional materials on academic performance in senior secondary students' chemistry in Cross River State .Global Journal of Education Research, 12,39-45.

Abstract: Studies were carried out to assess the levels of toxic volatile organic compounds and other substances in the air in a plastic recycling environment situated in SEDI-Enugu using standard operational procedures and instrumentation. The mean concentrations of the pollutants in the air were, 1.71  0.13, 231.74  3.42, 14.16  2.06, 0.11  0.06, 0.41  0.12, 101.08  4.66, 20.77  3.29, 28.25  1.73 and 4.11  0.25μg/m3 for benzene, vinyl chloride, tetrachloroethylene, furan, formaldehyde, toluene, styrene, PM2.5 and napthalene respectively. The mean levels of the VOCs and other substances in the air in the studied environment decreased in the following order: vinyl chloride > toluene > PM2.5 > styrene > tetrachloro ethylene > naphthalene > benzene > formaldehyde > furan......

Keywords: Plastic recycling, Plastic wastes, Volatile organic compounds, Environmental pollution , Health impact and Air pollutants.

[1]. Ait-Helal W.A., Borbin S. and savage J.A. (2014). Volatile and intermediate volatility of organic compounds in suburban Paris: Variability, origin and importance of SOA formation. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14:1043-1054.
[2]. Andrady A.L. and Neal M.A. (2009). Applications and societal benefits of plastics. Phil Trans R. Soc B., 364 (1526) 1977 – 1984.
[3]. Baretto G., Madureira D., Capani F., Aon-Bentoloin L., Seaceno E. and Alvanez-Giraudez I.D. (2009). The role of case monographs and free radicals in benzene toxicity: An oxidative DNA damage pathway. Environ Mol. Mutagen, 50:771-800.
[4]. Costa C., Ozcaghi E. and Gangeni S. (2016). Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress and role of dietary factors in gasoline station attendants. Food Chem. Toxicol., 90: 30-35.
[5]. Evuti A.M.A. (2013). Synopsis on biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions: Hazards and control. Int. J. Eng, Sc., 2: 1450153.