Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2021

Abstract: Background: Fruits from Cucurbitaceae plant family are naturally consumed or after processed in form of juices, alcoholic beverages and jams. Seed oils have been well applicable in food as edible oil and as source of raw materials for soap and detergent production and other industrial chemical products. Consequently, a lot of attention has been devoted to this renewable bioresources from plant origin as alternative for the replacement of the existing environmentally unsafe chemical feedstock derived from fossil origin. Materials and Methods: The fruit seeds (Cucumeropsis manni, Lagenaria siceraria, Cucumis melo and Citrullus colocynthi) used in this work were obtained at Sango Market, Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria. The seeds were deshelled, sundried for 2 weeks and then pulverized.....

Keyword: Oil extraction, Saponification value, Acid value, Ester value, POV.

[1]. Swenson, A.A. (1995). Plant of the Bible: And how to grow them. Citadel Press. P. 77.
[2]. Erickson DL, Smith BD, Clarke AC, Sandweiss DH, Tuross N. (2005). An Assian Origin of 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 111: 6147-6152.
[3]. Emmanuel C. Onuekwusi, Helmina O. Akanya, Egwim C. Evans, (2014). "Photochemical Constituents of Seeds of Ripe and Unripe Blighia Sapida (K. Koenig) and Physicochemical Properties of the Seed Oil" International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 670X www.ijpsi.org Volume 3 Issue 9 ‖ September 2014 ‖ PP.31-40.
[4]. Guillaume C., Hanno,S. And Susanne S.R (2019). Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomocs and arcaeology, New Phytologist, 1-13.
[5]. Egwim E.C, Akanya, H.O., Onuekwusi, E. C., Ossamulu, I.F and Mohammed J. M, (2015). "Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties of Some Selected Foods Fried with Melon (Citrullus Lanatus) Seed Oil" IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) ISSN: 2455-264X, Volume 1, PP 43-48 www.iosrjournals.org..

Abstract:The heavy metal assessment on the quality of three samples of ground water from different location in Nekede, was carried out using AAS Unicom Solar 966. The results from the analysis shows that Umuerim Nekede (Um1) had Zn (0.132mg/l), Fe (1.181mg/l), Pb (0.055mg/l) and Cu (0.041mg/l), Umuokomoche Nekede (Um2) had Zn (0.010mg/l), Fe (0.157mg/l), Pb (0.045mg/l) and Cu (0.505mg/l). While, Umuokoto Nekede (Um3) had Zn (0.052mg/l), Fe (0.51mg/l), Pb (0.253mg/l) and Cu (0.546mg/l).
The PH, turbidity, conductivity and hardness were within the W.H.O permissible standard of 3.00, 0.300, 0.01 and 2.00 for Zn, Fe, Pb and Cu respectively for drinking water, except the sample of Um3 for the month of July with higher value of conductivity 1320 μscm-1 and hardness of 100mg/l. These could be attributed to the presence of dumpsite in the area which could leach during heavy rain in the month of July.

[1]. J.K.T, Ideriah, O.T.V. Omuaru and U. Pat Adiukwu, (2005). Heavy Metal Contaminationof soils around Municipal Solid waste dump in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Global Journal of Environment Sciences, Vol.4, No.1.
[2]. B.U Uzoho, and N.N. Oti (2006). Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on the Productivity and Heavy Metal Concentration of Cowpea in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development. Vol.7, No.2.
[3]. C.G.S Holmgren, M.W Meyer, R.B Daniels, J. Kubota and R.I.J Chaney, (1998) Quality Journal. Vol.20, pp242-253.
[4]. G.B. Jung, W.I.Kim, K.H. Moon and I.S. Ryu (2002). Fractionation and availability of heavy metals in paddy soils near abandoned mining areas (Korea). Jour. Enor. Agric., 19(4), 319-323.
[5]. T.F. Yeo (1974). Recycling and Disposal of Solid Waste. Ann Arbarbo Science Publishers' Inc. Michigan pp349-351.

Abstract: Background: Catalysts are successful candidates to be described by fractal theory, as they are usually materials with higher BET area, very irregular, with a shape difficult to describe as a convolution of planar surfaces. Enhancing catalytic activity for DRM of catalysts implies obtaining catalysts with higher basicity. The relation between the catalysts basicity and the fractal dimension will be investigated. Materials and Methods: Highly dispersed Rh nanoparticles on various supports like Al2O3, TiO2 and WO3, metal loading 1% was obtained by impregnation of the support powder with water dispersed rhodium nanoparticles synthesized by modified alkaline......

Key Word: Nanoparticles; Fractal; Basicity; CO2-TPD; TEM; Adsorption Isotherms

[1]. State R, Scurtu M, Miyazaki A, Papa F, Atkinson I, Munteanu C, Balint I, Influence of metal-support interaction on nitrate hydrogenation over Rh and Rh-Cu nanoparticles dispersed on Al2O3 and TiO2 supports, Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2017;10: 975-984.
[2]. Holewinski A, Idrobo J-C, Linic S, High-performance Ag–Co alloy catalysts for electrochemical oxygen reduction, Nat. Chem. 2014; 6 :828–834.
[3]. Matsubu JC, Yang VN, Christopher P, Isolated Metal Active Site Concentration and Stability Control Catalytic CO2 Reduction Selectivity, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015;137:3076– 3084. [4]. Salata O, Applications of nanoparticles in biology and medicine, J Nanobiotechnology 2004;2(1):3. https://doi:10.1186/1477-3155-2-3.
[5]. Owens GJ, Singh RK, Foroutan F, Alqaysi M, Han CM, Mahapatra C, Kim HW, Knowles JC, Sol–gel based materials for biomedical applications, Prog. Mater. Sci. 2016;77:1-79..

Abstract:Background: Research on nanoparticles is of great interest as it provides a bridge between bulk materials and atomic structures. However, the need of the hour is method of syntheses which are eco – friendly and sustainable. The "Green" method has proven to be reliable and cost – effective for synthesizing various types of nanoparticles. Hence it is regarded as an important tool in order to reduce the negative drawbacks that as re associated with the traditional methods of synthesis.
Materials and Methods: For synthesizing silver nanoparticles, leaf extract of mangrove Avicennia marina was used as a precursor along with 1mM AgNO3 solution. The nanoparticles were further characterized using techniques UV – Visible, FTIR, TEM and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. The absorption spectrum was obtained using UV – Visible spectrometer.......

Key Words: Avicennia marina, silver nanoparticles, UV – Visible, FTIR, NTA, TEM.

[1]. Puri A, Loomis K, Smith B, Lee JH, Yavlovich A, Heldman E, Blumenthal R. Lipid-based nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers: From concepts to clinic. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems. 2009;26(6):523-580
[2]. Gujrati M, Malamas A, Shin T, Jin E, Sun Y, Lu ZR. Multifunctional cationic lipid-based nanoparticles facilitate endosomal escape and reduction-triggered cytosolic siRNA release. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2014;11(8):2734-2744
[3]. Thompson D, Michael Faraday's recognition of ruby gold: the birth of modern nanotechnology. Gold Bulletin. 2007;40(4):267-269
[4]. Martis EA, Badve RR, Degwekar MD. Nanotechnology based devices and applications in medicine: An overview. Chronicles of Young Scientists. 2012;3(1):68-73
[5]. Prashant KJ, Ivan HS. Au Nanoparticles target cancer. Nanotoday. 2007;2(1):19-29
[6]. Nikalje AP. Nanotechnology and its Applications in Medicine. Medicinal chemistry. 2015;5(2):81-89.

Abstract: In this paper, waste water obtained from textile and tannery industry in Delhi-NCR and other regions was characterized for basic parameters. The effluent was dark colored with unpleasant odor and acidic in nature (pH 3.2) in case of tannery industry waste and it was basic in textile waste (pH 10.5). The effluent having high organic and inorganic load showing high electrical conductivity 3575 – 7620 μS/cm in textile and 12659 μS/cm in tannery waste water. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total hardness, Phenol, Cr(VI), total Cr , heavy metals like Zn, Cu and Ni were determined . The physico-chemical parameters were calculated as per the standards approved by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).

Key Words: Textile industry, Tannery industry, BOD, COD, Electrical Conductivity, TDS, BIS

[1]. Mahida, U.N, Water pollution, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Co., New Delhi, 1983, p.323.
[2]. Abdel-Shafy, H.I., Abo-El-Wafa, O. and Azzam, M. A., International conference, Heavy metals in the environment, New Orleans, 1987, p.454.
[3]. Karim, M.I.A. and Sistrunk, W.A., journal of food science, Vol. 50 (1657), 1985.
[4]. Abdel-Shafy, H.I., Abo-El-Wafa, O., Daghaidy, F.S. and Abu-Salem, F.M., Environmental international conference, Amsterdam, 1986, p. 314.
[5]. Karlsson, I. and Smith, G., Proceedings international specialized conference on upgrading of wastewater treatment plants, Munich, 1989, p.81-90.

Abstract: A theoretical co-relation between coefficient of thermal expansion and melting point of the eutectic mixture has been developed. For the experimental verification of the developed co-relation, six different carboxylic acids namely; CH2(COOH)2, (CH2)2(COOH)2, (CH2)4(COOH)2, C6H5COOH, C6H4(OH)COOH, (COOH)2 were taken. Their binary mixtures were prepared like Malonic Acid-Benzoic Acid, Succinic Acid-O-Salicylic Acid, Malonic Acid-Succinic Acid, Benzoic Acid-Oxalic Acid, Succinic Acid-Benzoic Acid and Adipic Acid-Benzoic Acid. For each Acid-Acid combination there were nine different compositions i.e. 1:9 or 10%, 2:8 or 20%, 3:7 or 30%, 4:6 or 40%, 5:5 or 50%, 6:4 or 60%, 7:3 or 70%, 8:2 or 80% and 9:1 or 90%. Each composition was then analyzed by thermo-optical method with the help of optical dilatometer to get their coefficient of linear thermal expansion. As a conclusion it was experimentally found that the composition.....

Key Words: Eutectic Mixture, Oxalic acid (C2H2O4), Malonic acid (C3H4O4), Succinic acid (C4H6O4 ), Salicylic acid (C7H6O3), Benzoic acid (C7H6O2), Adipic acid (C6H10O4), CLTE (Coefficient of linear thermal expansion).

[1]. Tipler, Paul A.; Mosca, Gene (2008). Physics for Scientists and Engineers - Volume 1 Mechanics/Oscillations and Waves/Thermodynamics. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. pp. 666–670.
[2]. M.Paganelli. The Non-contact Optical dilatometer designed for the behaviour of Ceramic Raw Materials , Expert System Solutions S.r.l., Modena (Italy).
[3]. Touloukian Y S, Kirby R K, Taylor R E and Desai P D 1975Thermophysical Properties of Matter,Volume 12Thermal Expansion, Metallic Elements and Alloys (New York:IFI–Plenum) p 11a.
[4]. C.Linseis The next step in dilatometry, invention and use of the Linseis Laser Dilatometer , Linseis Messgeraete GmbH, Selb (Germany) [5]. Mirnaya T.A., Polishchuk A.P., Bereznitski Y. Rapid Soidification and Nucleation of Binary Eutectic Mixtures J. Chem. Eng. Data ,1996, vol. 41, pp. 1337-1339.

Abstract: Bundi, the blue city of eastern Rajasthan, is considered as a perfect travel destination attracted by tourists from all over the world. Though famous for its tourist attraction, still this cultural city is facing current trends of urbanization, over-exploitation of resources and exorbitantly increasing population. Shri Raj Rajeshwar Mahadev Temple, a shrine of Bundi is located at the town Keshoraipatan around 20 km from the Education City, Kota. Water, the elixir of life, is a priceless commodity and accessibility of clean water is a right of each and every person. Therefore, study of physico-chemical parameters of water is considered as an important aspect of pollution studies in the environment. This study is designed to assess the water quality standards of physico-chemical parameters.....

Key Words: Water quality, Keshoraipatan, Shri Raj Rajeshwar Mahadev Temple, Bundi, Physico-chemical parameters, statistical analysis.

[1]. APHA (1989), Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 17th Ed.American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington D.C.
[2]. Alagbe SA (2006) Preliminary evaluation of hydrochemistry of the Kalambain Formation, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria. Environ Geol 51:39–45. |
[3]. Doneen L.D. (1964), Notes on water quality in agriculture Published as a water science and engineering paper 4001, Department of water Science and engineering, University of California.
[4]. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
[5]. Indian standard specification for drinking water. IS:10500, Ind. Standard Institute, India, ISI, 1983..

Abstract: The production of polyphenols from horse chestnut shells was achieved by newly designed system containing three-column capable of realizing simultaneous extraction-distillation operations. The effects of batch and continuous operations, solvent and/or solvent combination usage on total polyphenol yield, type of polyphenol component present in the final product, and heat loss to the environment was investigated. The results showed that, high efficiency, capability of specific product design, continuous production advantages, the reduction of fresh solvent usage requirement, easier process control, reusability of pure solvent due to distillation are the possible advantages of this new design. And also, isolation of the system can minimize the main disadvantage namely heat loss by half. It was concluded that, since polyphenols in plants are frequently used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties, the specific solvent and design must be used for production of specific polyphenol component-rich products..

Key Words: Polyphenol, Extraction, Distillation, Production

[1]. A.N. Li, S. Li S, Y. Zhang, X.R Xu, Y.M. Chen, H.B. Li, Resources and biological activities of natural polyphenols, Nutrients, 6(12) (2014) 6020-6047.
[2]. M. González-Vallinas, M. González-Castejón, A. Rodríguez-Casado, A. Ramírez de Molina, Dietary phytochemicals in cancer prevention and therapy; a complementary approach with promising perspectives, Nutr. Rev. 71 (2013) 585–599.
[3]. M.M. Mocanu, P, Nagy, J. Szöllősi, Chemoprevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols, Molecules, 20 (2015) 22578–22620.
[4]. N.P. Gullett, A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, S. Bayraktar, J.M. Pezzuto, O. Kucuk, F.R. Khuri, D.M. Shin, B.B. Aggarwal, Y.J. Surh, Perspectives for Cancer Prevention with Natural Compounds, J. Clin. Oncol. 27 (2009) 2712–2725.
[5]. E. Weichselbaum, J.L. Buttriss, Polyphenols in the diet, Nutr. Bull. 35 (2010) 157–164..

Abstract:Fluorine, as one of the trace element in drinking water, has an important influence on growth, bone metabolism, and other facts of human health. Long term utilization of high fluorine water can lead to endemic fluorosis, including dental and skeletal fluorosis. So, it is very important to remove excess fluoride from drinking water to maintain the optimum concentration of fluoride. At present, no effective technology is available in the market. Now, scientists are tending towards Nano-scale materials (1nm to 100 nm in size) since their properties are different from those of macro and micro-particles due to their broad surface area. Our paper review with an innovative, efficient and cost- effective technique for remediation of fluoride from water using nanomaterial. The development of cost-effective, locally available and environmentally friendly adsorbents for fluoride removal from contaminated water sources is absolutely required. It can be possible by nanomaterial.

Key Words: Nanomaterial, fluoride, remediation, health problem and efficient technology

[1]. W0rld Health Organization. 2004. Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 3rd ed., vol.1, Recommendations. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
[2]. Zhang, B. Hong, M., Zhao, Y., Lin, X., Zhang, X., and Dong, J. 2003. Distribution and risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water in the West Plain region of Jilin Province, China. Environ. Geochem. Health 25: 421-431.
[3]. World Health Organization. 1996. Guidelines for drinking water quality recommendation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
[4]. SK Swin, S. Mishra, T. Patnaik, RK Patel, Usha Jha, RK Dey. 2012. Fluoride removal Performance of a new hydride Sorbent of Zr (IV)- ethylenediamine, Chem. Eng. J. 184: pp. 72-81.
[5]. W.X. Gong, J.H. Qua, R.P. Liu, H.C. Lan. 2012. Effect of aluminum fluoride complexation on fluoride removal by Coagulation. Colloids Surf. A: 395: pp. 88-93..

Abstract: 1-Naphthol or α-naphthol is produced by heating 1-naphthalene sulfonic acid with caustic or 1-naphthylamine with water under pressure and is used directly in the production of some dyes and in large quantities is converted to It ends up being a compound that is incorporated into other dyes. Growing research interest is focused on developing efficient systems using a variety of methodologies that are useful and provide stability. Here, 1-naphthol was studied degradative. Specifically, we studied how reaction conditions affect reactivity and yield, and purity using alternative variations of the reaction regime. The present invention relates to a process for the production of sertraline, α-naphthyl ether of N-methyl carbamic acid, and α-naphthol used in the production of azo dyes. This work provided an efficient process and the experiment resulted in a method to synthesize α-naphthol with improved purity and yield.

Keywords: 1-naphthol, α--naphthol, sulphonation of naphthalene,

[1]. Sreekanth, R; Prasanthkumar, KP; Sunil Paul, MM; Aravind, UK; Aravindakumar, CT (7 November 2013). "Oxidation reactions of 1- and 2-naphthols: an experimental and theoretical study". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 117 (44): 11261–70. doi:10.1021/jp4081355. PMID 24093754.
[2]. Jump up to:a b Booth, Gerald (2005). "Naphthalene Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_009.. full-text PDF
[3]. Meeker, John D.; Ryan, Louise; Barr, Dana B.; Hauser, Russ (January 2006). "Exposure to Nonpersistent Insecticides and Male Reproductive Hormones". Epidemiology. 17 (1):61– doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000190602.14691.70. PMID 16357596. S2CID 24829926.
[4]. Yoshito Kumagai; Yasuhiro Shinkai; Takashi Miura; Arthur K. Cho (2011). "The Chemical Biology of Naphthoquinones and Its Environmental Implications". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 52: 221–47. doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134517. PMID 21942631.
[5]. Trofimov, V.I., Levkov, Y. and A.M Yakubson, 1973. Sov, Synthesis of Α--Naphthol from Tetra-Hydro-Naphthalene Chem. Ind. 3,168..

Abstract: Photo catalysis has received enormous attention in last few decades because of its potential application in environmental treatment and fine chemical synthesis. Organic pollutants in wasted can be easily degraded in to carbon dioxide and water molecules. Similarly, under dry organic solvent or controlled pH, irradiation time, by using visible or UV light etc., the compound may also be selectively oxidized into fine chemical products in place of complete mineralization.1-5 Titanium dioxide as a semiconductor photo catalyst has been intensively investigated since Fujishima and Honda studied the photo catalytically splitting of water on TiO2 electrodes in 1972.1 TiO2 also, as its non-toxicity, long range photo stability, and high activity, has been widely utilized in mineralizing toxic and non-biodegradable environmental contaminants as well as in the various organic synthesis.........

Keywords: Semiconductor, Titanium dioxide, Photo-oxidation, Sodium Salt of Salicylic acid.

1]. Fujishima, A.; Honda, K. Nature 1972, 238, 37.
[2]. Muruganandham, M.; Swaminathan, M. Dyes Pigm. 2006, 68,133.
[3]. Tan, L. K.; Kumar, M. K.; An, W. W.; Gao, H. ACS Appl. Mater.Interfaces 2010, 2, 498.
[4]. Fei, H. L.; Liu, Y. P.; Li, Y. P.; Sun, P. C.; Yuan, Z. Z.; Li, B. H.; Ding, D. T.; Chen, T. H. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2007, 102, 318.
[5]. L. Pan, J. Tang, and F. W. Wang, "Facile synthesis of nanoscaled a-Fe2O3, CuO and CuO/Fe2O3 hybrid oxides and their electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties", Cent. Eur. J. Chem., Vol. [11], 5, (2013), 763.

Abstract: This comprehensive review delves into the synthesis, structural characterization, biological evaluation, and industrial applications of Group 13 element complexes with nitrogen and sulfur donor ligands. The study synthesizes insights from 20 selected research papers to highlight significant advancements in the stability, reactivity, and functional properties of these complexes. Key findings demonstrate the remarkable antimicrobial, anticancer, and enzyme inhibitory activities of these complexes, alongside their practical applications in catalysis.......

Keywords: Group 13 Elements, Nitrogen Donor Ligands, Sulfur Donor Ligands, and Metal Complexes

[1]. Venkatachalam, T. K., Stimson, D. H. R., Bhalla, R., Mardon, K., Bernhardt, P. V., & Reutens, D. C. (2019). Synthesis of 18F‐radiolabeled diphenyl gallium dithiosemicarbazone using a novel halogen exchange method and in vivo biodistribution. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 62(7), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.3746
[2]. Qi, J., Liu, T., Zhao, W., Zheng, X., & Wang, Y. (2020). Synthesis, crystal structure and antiproliferative mechanisms of gallium(III) complexes with benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 8(4), 859-870. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TB02223E
[3]. Jawad, Q. A., Zinad, D. S., Salim, R. D., Al-Amiery, A. A., Gaaz, T. S., Takri, M. S., & Kadhum, A. A. H. (2019). Synthesis, characterization, and corrosion inhibition potential of novel thiosemicarbazone on mild steel in sulfuric acid environment. Coatings, 9(11), Article 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110729
[4]. Altıntop, M. D., Temel, H. E., Sever, B., Akalın Çiftçi, G., & Kaplancıklı, Z. A. (2016). Synthesis and evaluation of new benzodioxole-based thiosemicarbazone derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Molecules, 21(11), Article 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111573
[5]. Ahmed, M. F., & Almalki, A. H. (2021). Design, synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and cell cycle analysis of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives targeting ribonucleotide reductase. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14, 102989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.102989