Volume-14 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2021

Abstract:The kinetic parameters are determined firstly using Freeman and Carroll method and the results are compared with the data developed by Zsako Procedure. A short experimental technique for recording the thermogravimetric curves for the complexes on a NETZSCH Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer STA-409 has also been discussed here. The existing Percentage weight of the complex at equal temperature intervals i.e., 10°C were noted directly from TG curve for a particular stage of thermal decomposition A plot of Δlog dw / dt / Δlog w, versus T-1 x 10-3 / Δ log W has been drawn for the stage of decomposition under consideration. Background: The coordination chemistry of transition metal and their derivatives have been widely studied due to their biological importance(l-3), Transition metal complexes have been used in antifungal(4), antibacterial(5), antitumor(6), antiviral.......

Keywords: Thermogravimetric Analysis, Kinetic Parameters Determination

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Abstract: Cassava starch is widely used as an industrial raw material for food, pharmaceutical, textile and chemical industries. Sorbitol also known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol (polyol) with a chemical formular C6H14O6.; produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbohydrates using catalysts at high temperatures. It is found in nature and exists in fruits and vegetables, mushrooms, and also in human beings. Sorbitol is used in both food and non-food applications. The potentials of cassava starch for the production of sorbitol was investigated. Cassava starch was initially hydrolyzed to glucose by adding 1M sulfuric acid at 1000C for 2 h -4 h. respectively. The glucose samples were subsequently reduced to sorbitol by using 0.5M sodium borohydride. Physicochemical analyses of the glucose syrup produced were done according to standard methods.......

Keywords: Cassava starch, Glucose syrup, Hydrogenation, Sorbitol, Sodium borohydride.

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Abstract: Refinery waste water disposal is one of the most threatening health hazards in Nigeria and in large extent a contributor of global environmental deterioration. This study therefore, dwells on the investigation of the effects of the time, temperature, dosage, pH, and concentration on the removal of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene) from refinery waste water using source clay modified with HDTMAC surfactant. Source clay from Ugwu Nzu, in Unwana-Afikpo, Ebonyi State of Nigeria was modified using synthesized hexadecyltrimethylammoniumchloride (HDTMAC). The produced organophilic clay was used to remove BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene) from Port Harcourt Refinery Company Eleme wastewater........

Keywords: Hexadecanol, thionyl chloride, kaolin, BTEX, wastewater, adsorbate, HDTMAC

[1]. Asdani, M. S., Ani, S., Puspa, D. L. & Silvester, T. (2017). Preparation of Alkyl Halide as Intermediate Compound in Synthesis of Cationic Surfactant Alkyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride. Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 19(1), 25-28.
[2]. Daniela, S., Carmen, Z. & Marinela, B. (2016). Kinetic Modelling of Dye Sorption from Aqueous Solutions unto Apple Seed Powder. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 50, 1085 – 1091
[3]. Eydi, E., Sharuatu, A. & Mohammed, K. (2018). Seperation of BTEX Compounds from Aqueous Solutions Using Adsorption Process. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 40(12), 1-11
[4]. Ibrahim, A. E. & Nasser, A. H. (2005). Synthetic Use of Thionyl Chloride. Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 26(1), 33-97.
[5]. Iman, M., Esmail S. & Ali L. (2014). Batch and Fixed Bed Column Performance of Red Mud for Lead Removal. Canadian Chemical Transactions, 2(1), 83 - 96.

Abstract: The major process of synthetically fixing nitrogen to ammonia is the Haber process. It contributes to half of the total required nitrogen input to world agriculture. However, this process is expensive as it requires high reaction conditions of pressure and temperature. Previously, research focused on search for catalysts for ambient nitrogen fixation, often with the aim of reducing the energy required for this conversion to replace chemical nitrogen fixation by the Haber process. In this work, relatively pure oxygen-free nitrogen has been prepared by passing air over copper fillings, heated in the temperature range 300oC – 500oC on a charcoal heat exchanger. The nitrogen has been reacted with Lithium to form Lithium nitride which on hydrolysis gives ammonia. The ammonia thus produced is reacted with ortho-phosphoric acid recovered from bones to make diammonium phosphate. The process realized 88.87 % N2 separation from air, 94.74 % lithium conversion to lithium nitride and 94.75% lithium nitride conversion to ammonia.

Keywords: Nitrogen fixation, lithium nitride, ammonia

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Abstract: The study presents a rapid quantification method of aflatoxin in sifted maize flour using diffused reflectance NIR spectroscopy. Quantitative model protocol for levels of aflatoxin contamination below, within and above the Legal Tolerance Limits of 20ppb were done on partitioned samples sets of calibration, validation and prediction. Confirmatory HPLC applied on each set before subjecting the sample on diffuse NIR measurements. Integrated peak areas of chromatograms representing various concentrations were recorded for each level. Multiplicative Signal Correction, Standard Normale Variate Detrending and Savitsky Golay Filtration were all applied in enhancement of the signals at the preprocessing stage. On the Calibration set Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) was done on the spectral data to develop best fit model on contaminated and neat spectral data set.........

Keywords: Aflatoxins, Chemometric method, Noninvasive, Calibration technique, Validation method, Prediction, Partial Least Square Regression, NIR Spectroscopy, Optimization techniques, Quantitative determination

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