Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2024

Abstract: Kinetics of oxidation of 2, 6 Diphenyl-Piperidine-4-one and 3-Methyl 2, 6 Diphenyl-Piperidine-4-one by Mn (III) in acidic medium reveals that the kinetic orders are first order. The rate of reaction was formed to increase with increase acid concentration. The rate of oxidation of piperidone in aqueous sulphuric acid media is independent of added Mn(II).The results are rational by a mechanism involving intermediate products. The fallowing order of reactivity is observed: 2, 6 Diphenyl-Piperidine-4-one > 3-Methyl 2, 6 Diphenyl-Piperidine-4-one.

Keyword: Kinetics, Oxidation, 2, 6 Diphenyl-Piperidine-4-one and 3-Methyl 2, 6 Diphenyl-Piperidine-4-one, Mn (III), Acid medium

[1]. Dr. M. R. Ambedkar, Dr. K. Kumar And Dr. R. Kumari, To Find Out The Methodology Of Oxidation Of Substituted Piperidones By Mn (Iv) In Sulphuric Acid Medium, International Journal Of Chemical Studies, 11 (3): 27-36, 2023.
[2]. S. Patra Et.Al, Role Of Transition Metal Nanocomposites In Organic Reactions: A State Of Art As An Alternative To Conventional Catalysts, Results In Chemistry, Volume 6, 2023.
[3]. S. Yadav, N. Rani, K. Saini, A Review On Transition Metal Oxides Based Nanocomposites, Their Synthesis Techniques, Different Morphologies And Potential Applications, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1225, 2022.
[4]. M. Wekesa, Md. Jamaluddin, And H. F. Sobhi, An Insight Into Mn (Ii) Chemistry: A Study Of Reaction Kinetics Under Alkaline Conditions, Int J. Chem Res, Vol 2, Issue 4, 2011, 34-37.
[5]. A. Jain, G. Tazwar, V. Devra, Kinetics And Mechanism Of Permanganate Oxidation Of Nalidixic Acid In Aqueous Alkaline Medium, Journal Of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, Vol. 7 (01),135-143, 2017.

Abstract: Background: Textile and plastic industries are major sources of tartrazine dye. In industries, dyes are used as colorants in their industrial processes. Tartrazine dye has been reported to cause harm even at trace levels. Material and Methods: This study compared the adsorption of tartrazine dye on raw kaolinite (RK) and kaolinite–zinc oxide composite (KZC). These adsorbent features were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine adsorbent chemical composition, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional groups, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) was used to determine the structural morphology, surface area respectively. The batch experiment was conducted for the effect of pH at the range of (3 -11), initial tartrazine concentration of (50 - 250 mg/L), adsorbent dose of (0.5 - 2.5 g), contact.......

Keywords: Adsorption, Kaolinte, Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamics

...

Abstract: Porous silicon (p-Si) has garnered significant attention in the realms of photovoltaics, biomedicine, and sensor technology due to its unique optical, electrical, and surface properties. Raman microscopy, a non-destructive optical technique that provides detailed information about vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a material, stands as a pivotal tool for investigating the microstructural characteristics of p-Si. This article reviews the principles of Raman spectroscopy, its application in elucidating the structural intricacies of porous silicon, and highlights seminal works in the domain.....

[1]. Canham, L. (1990). "Silicon Quantum Wire Array Fabrication By Electrochemical And Chemical Dissolution Of Wafers." Appl. Phys. Lett., 57(10), 1046-1048.
[2]. Smith, W.L., And Turner, A.F. (1961). "Raman Spectroscopic Study Of Silicon." Physical Review, 121(3), 1251.
[3]. Fauchet, P.M., And Ruan, J. (2007). "Raman Studies Of Porous Silicon." J. Appl. Phys., 82(4), 1796-1807.
[4]. Ossadnik, C., Et Al. (1994). "High-Resolution Raman Microscopy Of Porous Silicon Layers." J. Appl. Phys., 75(8), 4073-4078..

Abstract: Kinetics of oxidation of 2,6-Diphenylpiperidine-4-one and 3-Methyl-2,6-Diphenylpiperidine-4-one by Mn (IV) and Mn (III) in acidic medium shows that reactions are of first order reaction. In present study it was observed that rate of reaction and acid concentration is directly proportional to each other. The presence of 3-methyl substituent decreases the rate of oxidation with Mn(IV) and Mn(III). The results are rational by a mechanism involving intermediate products. On the basis of result is clear that the rate of oxidation is higher by Mn(IV) than Mn(III) in case of 2,6-Diphenylpiperidine-4-one then 3-Methyl-2,6-Diphenylpiperidine-4-one..

Keywords- Acidic medium, Kinetics, Oxidation, 2,6-Diphenylpiperidine-4-one and 3-Methyl-2,6-Diphenylpiperidine-4-one, Mn (IV), Mn (III)

[1]. Ambedkar Dr. M. R., Kumar Dr. K. And Kumari Dr. R., To Find Out The Methodology Of Oxidation Of Substituted Piperidones By Mn (Iv) In Sulphuric Acid Medium, International Journal Of Chemical Studies, 11 (3): 27-36, 2023. [2]. Oxtoby D., Gillis H. P., Campion, A. Principles Of Modern Chemistry, 6th Ed. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont, 313-318, 2008.
[3]. Shifa Z., Huichun Z., New Insight Into The Reactivity Of Mn(Iii) In Bisulfite/Permanganate For Organic Compounds Oxidation: The Catalytic Role Of Bisulfite And Oxygen, Water Research, 148, 198-207, 2019..
[4]. Gao, Y., Jiang, J., Zhou, Y., Pang, S., Technology, J.C., Does Soluble Mn (Iii) Oxidant Formed In Situ Account For Enhanced Transformation Of Triclosan By Mn (Vii) In The Presence Of Ligands? Environ. Sci. Technol. 52, 4785-4793, 2018.
[5]. Kemp T.J., Waters W.A. J Chem. Soc., 339, 1964..

Abstract: Envenoming and snakebite mortality are a significant public health concern in rural tropical areas in developing countries due to limited access to healthcare. Anti-snake venom (ASV) is the most effective counter-measure for treating snake bites. The antivenon is unavailable to the rural folk due to its high cost and poor health systems. Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic activities and have been reported to exhibit antinenom properties. The aim of this study was to provide a review of antivenom plant extracts and terpenes......

Keywords: Snake venom; antivenom; plant extract; terpenes

[1] Uttu Ja, Waziri M, Dauda A, Bida K. A Short Review Of Medicinal Plants Extract Accompanied By Potential Antidepressant Activity Citation A. Journal Of Chemical Reviews Review. 2021;3(4):307-319. Doi:10.22034.
[2] Bhavya J, Vineetha Ms, Veena Sm, Et Al. Ethnomedicinal Plants And Isolated Compounds Against Snake Venom Activity: A Review. Indian Journal Of Natural Products And Resources. 2021;12(4):491-505.
[3] Xavier Adrião A, Dos Santos A, Lima E, Et Al. Plant-Derived Toxin Inhibitors As Potential Candidates To Complement Antivenom Treatment In Snakebite Envenomations. Frontiers In Immunology. 2022;13. Doi:10.3389.
[4] World Health Organization. Control Of Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2023.
[5] Kasturiratne A, Wickremasinghe R, Silva N, Et Al. The Global Burden Of Snakebite: A Literature Analysis And Modelling Based On Regional Estimates Of Envenoming And Deaths. Plos Medicine. 2008;5:E218. Doi:10.1371.

Abstract: Background: Investigations have been carried out on green plants with medicinal potency including Ipomea batatas leaves from which several organic compounds have been isolated. This research work presents the chemical constituents of the fresh and degraded leaves of Ipomea batatas. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected fresh and some parts were left to degrade. The organic components of the fresh and degraded Ipomea batatas were extracted using dichloromethane; hydro-distilled and the chemical compositions were investigated using the infrared and the GC-MS spectroscopy. Results: The result revealed the presence of terpenoids, diterpene alcohols, alkenes, ketones, fatty acid and fatty acids esters in......

Keywords: Ipomea batatas, biodegradation, fatty acids, antioxidant, phytol

[1] O. A. Onayade, A. A. Onayade, And A. Sofowora, "Wound Healing With Plants: The African Perspective," University Of Zimbabwe (Uz) Publications., 1996.
[2] H. O. Edeoga, D. E. Okwu, And B. O. Mbaebie, "Phytochemical Constituents Of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants," African J. Biotechnol., Vol. 4, No. 7, Pp. 685–688, 2005.
[3] D. E. Okwu, "Phytochemicals, Vitamins And Mineral Contents Of Two Nigerian Medicinal Plants," Int. J. Mol. Med. Adv. Sci, Vol. 1, No. 4, Pp. 375–381, 2005.
[4] O. V. Njoku And C. Obi, "Phytochemical Constituents Of Some Selected Medicinal Plants," African J. Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 3, No. 11, Pp. 228–233, 2009.
[5] G. O. Rudkin And J. M. Nelson, "Chlorogenic Acid And Respiration Of Sweet Potatoes," J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 69, No. 6, Pp. 1470–1475, 1947..

Abstract: The stereological teratogenic effects of phenobarbital on the developing fetal kidneys when prescribed in varied doses remain poorly understood. This study, therefore, set to evaluate the prenatal stereological teratogenic effects of varied doses of phenobarbital on fetal kidneys in albino rats when prescribed at different gestational period in albino rats. In conducting this study, a post-test only control experimental study design was adopted. A resource equation for One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the sample size and therefore a sample size of 30 Albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 150-250 mg were used in this study. These 30 albino rat were obtained from the Small Animal Facility for Research and Innovation (SAFARI) in the school of biomedical sciences of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT). This sample size of 30......

Keywords: Albino rats, cavalieri volume, medullary density, teratogenic, total kidney volume, phenobarbital

[1] Al-Bakri, N., Al-Kawaz, U., Selman, M. O., & Technologies, A. R. (2016). Histological Study On Kidney Affected By Carbamazepine Drug In World Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research. January. Https://Doi.Org/10.20959/Wjpr201611-7094
[2] Deutsch, W. A., Kukreja, A., Shane, B., & Hegde, V. (2001). Phenobarbital, Oxazepam And Wyeth 14,643 Cause Dna Damage As Measured By The Comet Assay. Mutagenesis, 16(5), 439–442. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Mutage/16.5.439
[3] Hasan, M., Sutradhar, I., Gupta, R. Das, & Sarker, M. (2018). Prevalence Of Chronic Kidney Disease In South Asia: A Systematic Review. Bmc Nephrology, 19(1), 1–12. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12882-018-1072-5
[4] Ilangaratne, N. B., Mannakkara, N. N., Bell, G. S., & Sander, J. W. (2012). Phenobarbital: Missing In Action. Bulletin Of The World Health Organization, 90(12), 871–872. Https://Doi.Org/10.2471/Blt.12.113183
[5] Masalskienė, J., Rudaitis, Š., Vitkevič, R., Čerkauskienė, R., Dobilienė, D., & Jankauskienė, A. (2021). Epidemiology Of Chronic Kidney Disease In Children: A Report From Lithuania. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 57(2).
Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Medicina57020112.

Abstract: The intrauterine developmental effects of phenytoin when administered in varying doses on fetal growth and development remains poorly understood. This study therefore, aims to evaluate the intrauterine effects of varied doses of phenytoin when administered at different gestational period in albino rats. In carrying out this study, post-test only control experimental study design with control was adopted and a sample size of 30 Albino rats were used. These rats were obtained from the Small Animal Facility for Research and Innovation in the school of biomedical sciences of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. They were randomly assigned.....

Keywords: Albino rats, Bi-parietal diameter, crown lump length,fetal weight, Teratogenic, phenytoin

[1] Al-Quteimat, O. M. (2016). Phenytoin-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Review And Recommendations. Journal Of Pharmacology And Pharmacotherapeutics, 7(3), 127–132. Https://Doi.Org/10.4103/0976-500x.189662
[2] Azarbayjani, F. (2001). Common Mechanism For Teratogenicity Of Antiepileptic Drugs: Drug Induced Embryonic Arrhythmia And Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Damage. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. In Comprehensive Summaries Of Uppsala Dissertations From The Faculy Of Pharmacy (Vol. 253). Http://Uu.Diva-Portal.Org/Smash/Record.Jsf?Isbn=91-554-5065-2
[3] El-Shenawy, N. S., & Hamza, R. Z. (2016). Nephrotoxicity Of Sodium Valproate And Protective Role Of L-Cysteine In Rats At Biochemical And Histological Levels. Journal Of Basic And Clinical Physiology And Pharmacology, 27(5), 497–504. Https://Doi.Org/10.1515/Jbcpp-2015-0106
[4] Elshama, S. S., Osman, H., & El-Kenawy, A. (N.D.). Teratogenic Effect Of Carbamazepine Use During Pregnancy In The Mice. 1.
[5] Etemad, L., Moshiri, M., & Moallem, S. A. (2012). Epilepsy Drugs And Effects On Fetal Development: Potential Mechanisms. Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences, 17(9), 876–881.

Abstract: Effective water quality management in the Nalanda district necessitates a thorough qualitative analysis of water pollution, aiming to identify contamination sources and assess their impacts. This assessment enables the evaluation of existing management practices and the implementation of targeted measures. The district faces diverse water pollution challenges, with agricultural activities, especially the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, emerging as significant contributors. Runoff from fields transports pollutants into nearby water bodies, resulting.....

Keywords: Contamination of water sources, Runoff from Agriculture, Untreated Household Sewage, Open-air Defecation, Conventional Customs

.....

Abstract: Water is a vital resource crucial for sustaining life and supporting ecosystems. Lakes, characterized as standing bodies of water, offer various benefits such as fisheries, potable water sources, scenic beauty, and ecological diversity. This study focuses on Nundkol Lake, a sacred alpine water body in the Kashmir Valley, India. Physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were monitored monthly from January to December 2023. The data analysis revealed seasonal fluctuations....

Keywords: Nundkol Lake, Water quality, Kashmir Valley, Physicochemical parameters, Environmental monitoring

[1]. Bhadula,S. and Joshi,B.D. A Comparative Study of Physico- Chemical Parameters of the Major and Minor Canals of the River Ganga within Haridwar. J. Environ. & Bio. Sci. 2011; 25 (2):285-290.
[2]. Bhadula, S and Joshi,B.D. An Assessment of the impact of sewer drains on the main canal of River Ganga, within Haridwar city, Uttarakhand, India. Researcher.2012;4 (1):7-14.
[3]. ASTM International, (2003), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water and Environmental Technologyv. 11.01, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, pp 6-7.
[4]. APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water & waste water. Port city press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Ed. 2001.
[5]. Aftab, Begum, S. Y, Noorjahan, C. M., Dawood, Sharif, S, (2005), Physico-chemical and fungal analysis of a fertilizer factory effluent, Nature Environment & Pollution Technology, 4(4), 529-531.