Volume-7 ~ Issue-2 ~ FEBRUARY-2014

Abstract:This paperreports on the chemical constituents and trado medicinal values of ureta lobata and cassia alata leaves which are used locally by tradomedical practioners. The plant leaves were collected from Amoba village in Ikwuano local government area of Abia State Nigeria and analyzed for their phytochemicals, vitamins and mineral elements using appropriate standard methods. The results show that they contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids,tannins, phenols and vitamins like ascorbic acid,riboflavin, niacin and thiamin. The major mineral elements include K, Na, Ca, Mg and P while the trace metal elements include Zn, Cu, Se, Ni, Cd and Pb. These constituents of these plants were then used to explain and justify the medicinal potentials of these leaves as claimed by tradomedical practioners.
Keywords: Ureta lobota, cassia alota chemical constituent's tradomedicinal potentials

[1] Ekpe E.D, Ebana R.U.B and Madumagu B.E : Antimicrobial activity of four local medicinal plants on pathogenic bacteria and phyto- pathogenic fungi; W. Afri J. Biol. Appl. Chem.35:2-6. (1990)
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[3] Okwu, D.E and Josiah, C. : Evaluation of the chemical composition of two Nigerian medicinal plants: African Journal of Biotechnology 5 (4) 357-361.(2006)
[4] Okoli, C.O., Akah, P.A and Ezugworie, U.: Anti-Inflammatory activity of extract of root bark of Securidace longitpedunculata Fres (polygalance). Afri.J. Triad .CAM.3, 54-63. (2006)
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Abstract: Highly sensitive and selective direct spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of aluminium in various real samples. 5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoic hydrazone reacts with Al(III) forming yellow coloured soluble complex in aqueous dimethyl formamide which has a λmax at 390 nm in the pH range 3.0-7.0. The system obeyed Beer's law in the range 0.053 – 0.755 μg mL-1 of Al(III). The molar absorptivity is 2.66 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and The Sandell's sensitivity is 0.00104 μg/cm2. The standard deviation of the method for ten determinations of 0.42281 μg/ml of Al(III) is.
Key words: Al (III), Direct spectrophotometric determination,5-BHMBHBH.

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[5] Mettalloestrogens : an emerging class of inorganic xenoestrogens with potential to add to the oestrogenic burden of the human breast J. Appl. Toxicol;26(3); 2006; 191.

Abstract: The oxidative chemical polymerization of pyrrole was synthesized by cyclic voltammetry in acidic medium using sulfuric acid as an electrolyte at 30 oC. The synthesized polymer was characterized by SEM, and XRD. The activity of the fabricated polymer was evaluated by agar well cut diffusion method against three bacteria: Streptococcus pneumonia (RCMB 010010), Enterococcus faecali (RCMB 010068), and Staphylococcus aureus (RCMB 010028). The polymer exhibited moderate antibacterial activity and significantly not active of antifungal.
Keywords: polypyrrole; electropolymerization; characterization; antibacterial activity.

[1] L.U. Guiqian, W.U. Dingcai , D.Weimin1and F.U. Ruowen, Studies on the synthesis and antibacterial activities of polymeric
quaternary ammonium salts from dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate , Journal of Reactive and Functional polymers, 67, 2007, 355.
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Abstract: A novel activated carbon material has been prepared by carbonization and activation of Phenol-Chitosan-Formaldehyde resin (PCFR) which synthesized by the condensation polymerization method. The physicochemical properties of the PCFR were characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, EDS, TGA and FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of Pb(II) ion and Methylene blue (MB) onto PCFR were investigated by batch techniques. The particle size of adsorbent was 65-70μ. Kinetic studies indicated that Pb(II) ion and MB adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption may be controlled by external mass transfer followed by intra-particle diffusion.

Keywords:TGA, Lead ion, Methylene blue, Adsorption, Kinetics

[1]. E.S. Abdel-Halim and Salem S. Al-Deyab, Carbohydr. polym. 84 (2011) 454-458.
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Abstract: The synthesis, characterisation, spectral studies, antibacterial and fugal studies of some transition metal ions like Mn++, Co++, Ni++, Cu++, Pd++ and Pt++ complexes of ferrocene based Organometallic compounds have been reported. The coordinate bonding of nitrogen to the central metal atom which reduces the electron density in the both azomethine link and thus lower the –HC=N- absorption. The elemental analysis data exhibit the formation of 1:1 [M: L] ratio with coordination number six in the all complexes. The complexes have with octahedral geometry and D4h symmetry. The ferrocene based organometallic compound shows a molecular ion peak at m/z 482.4 which is equal to theoretical molecular weight. The molar conductance value indicates that, they are non- electrolytic in nature. These complexes were tested with...

Keywords: ferrocene based organometallic compounds, IR, Mass spectra, electronic spectra, Electron Spin Resonance and antimicrobial activity

[1] D.Csokas, B. Karolyi, S.Bosze, I.Szabo, G.Bati, L. Drahos and A. Csampai,, 2,3-Dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]ferroceno[d]pyridazines and a 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-b]ferroceno[d]pyridazine: Synthesis, structure and in vitro antiproliferation activity on selected human cancer cell lines, J. of Organometallic Chemistry, 750, 2014, 41–48 [2] M. Jonek, A. Makhloufi, W. Frank and C.Ganter, Synthesis and reactivity of (benz)imidazol-2-ylidenes with exocyclic N-acyl or N-sulfonyl groups, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 750, 2014,140–149. [3] B. Sekhon, Inorganics/bioinorganics: Biological, medicinal and pharmaceutical uses, Journal of Pharmceutical Education and Research, 2( 1), 2011, 1-20. [4] C.Hartinger, Applications of Metals in Medicine and Healthcare, Platinum Metals Review, 52(2), 2008,96. [5] C. Chitambar, Medical Applications and Toxicities of Gallium Compounds, Intrernational. J. Environment Research and Public Health, 7, 2010, 2337-2361.

Abstract: Kinetic study of oxidation of D-Arabinose has been investigated in presence of bromide catalyst in aq. Sulphuric acid medium at constant ionic strength. The reaction is of first order each in D-Arabinose and [Ce(4)]. The rate of reaction decreases on increasing the concentration of H+ ion. The sulphate and bisulphate ions show retarding effects on the reaction rate at constant ionic strength. The bromide ion exihibits the +ve catalytic effects on the reaction rate. The value of activation energy has been calculated and a suitable mechanism conforming to the kinetic data proposed.

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Abstract: The paper presents finding of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clays from selected regions of Embu County – Kenya. The results are also presented for the compressive strength development and Chloride ingress resistance of the blend of the calcined clays with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), vis a vis commercial OPC and Portland Pozzolana cement (PPC). The objective of the study was to investigate the viability of using locally available materials to make affordable cementitious materials. Sampled clays were activated at different temperatures and time and blended with OPC at different replacement levels. The blends were subjected to accelerated chloride ingress. The blended cement and commercial PPC showed lower chloride ingress, in terms of apparent diffusion coefficients, compared to OPC with the blended cement exhibiting least chloride ingress

Keywords: Pozzolana, Calcined Clays, Blended Cement.

[1]. Anwar, M.; Miyagawa, T. and Gaweesh, M. (2001). Using Rice Husk Ash as a Cement Replacement Material in Concrete. In the Proceedings of the 2001 first international Ecological Building Structure Conference, pp. 671- 684.
[2]. Arjunan, P.; Silsbee, M.R. and Roy, D.M. (2005). Chemical Activation of Low Calcium Fly Ash. Part I : Identification of Suitable Activators and their Dosage. Proceedings Of The International Ash Utilization Symposium, Center for Applied Energy Research, University Of Kentucky, pp. 22–24.
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[4]. ASTM C1202-97 (2001). Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete‟s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration. Annual Book of ASTM standards, 04, pp. 646–51.

Abstract: The quality of surface water used for domestic purposes in Uburu, Ohaozara Local Government area, Ebonyi State, South East of Nigeria were analyzed. The physicochemical analysis was carried out from water samples collected from river Ogwu, Akawo and Ihenu in December 2012 using standard method. The mean values were found to be 17.06 ± 0.08 NTU, 19.00 NTU and 21.00 NTU for turbidity, 149.20 ± 0.39, 156.65 ± 0.72 and 142.04 ± 0.76 mg/L, for chloride, while the mean values for sodium is 546.09 ± 0.68, 532.76 ± 0.48 and 581.14 ± 0.84 mg/L and 10.21 ±0.02, 10.34 ± 0.05 0 and 12.45 ± 0.33 mg/L is for potassium for the three rivers respectively All other......

Key words: Water quality, Surface water, Uburu Rivers

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Abstract:The adsorptive and inhibitive action of glutamic acid towards general and pitting corrosion of
aluminium in HCl solution was investigated using weight loss, gasometric and thermometric methods. Glutamic
acid was found to inhibit the corrosion of aluminium in HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency of glutamic acid
decreased with increase in temperature, period of immersion and HCl concentration, but increased with
increasing glutamic acid concentration. Adsorption characteristics of glutamic acid have also been studied and
it was found that the process obeys physical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters including; Ea, Qads, ΔSads,
ΔHads and ΔGads for the adsorption process signifies a spontaneous process. While Langmuir, Frumkin, Flory-
Huggins and El-Awardy isotherm adsorption models can be used to explain the mechanism of glutamic acid
adsorption onto aluminium surface in HCl solution

Key words: Aluminium, Corrosion, Glutamic Acid, Physical adsorption, Spontaneous

[1] E. E. Oguzie; B. N. Okolue,; E. E. Ebenso; G. N. Onuoha; A. I. Onuchukwu, Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Methylene Blue Dye on the Corrosion of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid, Materials Chemistry and Physics 87, 2004, 394–401.
[2] K. F. Khaled; M. M. Al-Qahtani, The inhibitive Effect of Some Tetrazole Derivatives Towards Al Corrosion in Acid Solution: Chemical, Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 113, 2009, 150-158.
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[4] Y. Xiao-Ci; Z. Hong; L. Ming-Dao; R. Hong-Xuan; Y. Lu-An, Quantum Chemical Study of the Inhibition Properties of Pyridine and its Derivatives at an Aluminium Surface, Corrosion Science, 42, 2000, 645-653.
[5] G. Bereket and A. Yurt, The Inhibition Effect of Amnio Acids and Hydroxycarboxylic Acids on Pitting Corrosion of Aluminium Alloy 7075, Corrosion Science, 43, 2001, 1179-1195..

Abstract:An environmentally benign, simple and efficient, one pot procedure for the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-
d]pyrimidine derivatives have been developed by the reaction of aldehyde, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3Hpyrazol-
3-one and urea/thiourea in glycerol. The present method affords high yield in short reaction times and
devoid of harsh reaction conditions. All the compounds

Keywords: Glycerol, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, aldehydes, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one, urea, thiourea.

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Abstract: Cement is subject to degradation by aggressive media. This study investigated chloride diffusivity in mortar made from Kenyan cements which included three brands of Ordinary Portland Cements (OPC) and three brands of Portland Pozzolana Cements (PPC) sampled within Kenyan markets. The test cements were used to make mortar prisms at different water/cement ratios. Compressive strength was determined at the 7th and 28th day of curing. The mortars were subjected to laboratory prepared 3.5 % by mass of sodium chloride solution under accelerated

Keywords: Diffusivity, Aggressive media, water/cement ratio, Compressive strength, Error function.

[1]. Atkins, C.P.; Scantlebury, J.D.; Nedwell, P.J. and Blatch, S.P. (1996). Monitoring Chloride Concentrations in Hardened Cement Pastes Using Ion Selective Electrodes, CEM CONCR RES; 26: 319 - 324.
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[4]. Zang Ying and Shi Mei-lun, (2012). Experimental study of special grouting by AC Impendance Technique. Materials science, engineering and building Materials; 3: 11- 47.
[5]. NEMA, (2012). The state of sewerage systems in urban centers in Kenya by 2012; 3: 3 – 25.

Abstract: Lac dye was isolated from washings of stick lac and Arjun dye was extracted from Arjun fruits and its mixed dyeing properties on silk and cotton fibre were studied on silk it produced deep coffee colour and cotton deep brown colour shades using alum as mordant .shades varied is colour when other mordents like copper sulphate chromium, sulphate and stannus chloride were used.

Key Words: Seed lac, Arjun fruits, Sodium carbonate, Alum, Copper sulphate, stannus chloride, Chromium, sulphate, Acetic acid & Formic acid

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Abstract: In this work briquettes of coal and corn cob were produced. The different briquette samples produced were made by blending various compositions of coal and corn cob in the following ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100 using bitumen as a binder and calcium hydroxide as the desulphurizing agent. The briquettes were produced mechanically using a manual briquetting machine with pressure maintained at 5MPa. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the different compositions of the briquettes had reasonable calorific value but that 60% coal:40% corn cob briquettes with following values for ash content 20.17 %, fixed carbon 44.83...

Key words: briquette, biomass, coal, corn cob

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Abstract: A modified low-cost material , chromium contained leather waste (MO CCLW) has been used for study the adsorption behavior of anionic dye orange ӀӀ dye . The modification carried out by treated the CCLW with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant . Equilibrium isotherm models applied showed Freundlich isotherm model with the best regression coefficient R², followed by Temkin , Dubinin –Radushkevish D-R isotherm and the least value was obtained with the Langmuir isotherm .The Langmuir isotherm constant (KL) and the freundlich...

Keywords: Adsorption isotherm , orange ӀӀ , MO CCLW , Elovich kinetic

[1]. R.Wanchanthuek and W. Nunrung , The adsorption study of methylene blue onto Mgo from various preparation methods , Journal of Environmental science and Technology 4 (5) , 2011 , 534 -542 .
[2]. O.Gok , A.S.Ozcan .and A .ozcan , Adsorption behavior of atextile dye of reactive Blue 19 from aqueous solutions onto modified bentonite , Appl. Surf . Sci. , 256 , 2010 , 5439 -5443 .
[3]. E .V . Veliev ,T.OZturk , S .Veli , A.G.Fatullayev ,Application of diffusion Model for adsorption of azo reactive dye or pumice , Polish J. , Environ Stud. , 15 (2) ,2006 , 347 -353 .
[4]. F.Kargi and S .Ozmihci , Biosorption performance of powered activated sludge for removal of different dye stuffs , Enzyme and Microbial Technology , 35 , 2004 , 267 -271 .
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Abstract: Sida acuta, a shrub belonging to Malvacea family, is widely distributed in pan tropical areas and it has many folk medicine applications that varies from one region to another. The proximate, phytochemical and micronutrient (minerals and vitamins) composition of Sida acuta leaves were determined and quantified in this study using standard analytical methods. The result for proximate composition (%) was 9.03+0.06, 19.13+0.15 0.67+0.06, 6.33+0.06, 9.50+0.01 and 55.30+0.10 for moisture, protein, fat, ash, fibre and carbohydrate respectively and values obtained for the phytochemicals were 125.0+0.00mg/100g tannin, 406.67+2.89mg/100g saponin, 1751.67+2.89mg

Keywords: Mineral, phytochemical, proximate, Sida acuta, vitamin

[1] M. Ahmed and F. Hussain. Chemical Composition and Biochemical Activity of Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller) Leaves. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 3(5), 2013, 29-33
[2] O.S Agunbiade, O.M. Ojezele, J.O. Ojezele and A.Y. Ajayi. Hypoglycaemic activity of Commelina africana and Ageratum conzyzoides in relation to their mineral composition. African Health Sciences,12(2), 2012, 198 – 203
[3] M. B. Palaksha and K. Ravishankar. Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of in vitro Antibacterial and Antihelminthic Activities of Sida acuta Leaf Extracts. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(11), 2012, 4757 – 4761
[4] A.O. Adesuyi, O. A. Awosanya, F. B. Adaramola and A.I. Omeonu . Nutritional andPhytochemical Screening of Aloe barbadensis. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(1), 2011, 4 - 9
[5] V.A. Ajibade and E. D. Fagbohun. Physicochemical, Proximate Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Crude Extract of Tylophora glauca (Bullock.) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 1(1), 2010, 7-12.

Abstract: Gram seed husk (GSH) reproduced by pulses forming industries has been demonstrated to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of metal ions like Ni (II) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption techniques were conducted to study the effects of contact time, adsorbent dose , concentration of Ni (II) metal ion solution, and effect of pH of Ni (II) metal ion solution. Pseudo-first and pseudo- second order kinetics were tested to examine the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption kinetic data were described very well by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Equilibrium data

Keywords: Adsorption isotherms, Gram seed husk, Kinetics

[1]. II. A. R. Deshmukh, S. L. Pandharipande, Artifical Neural network approach for moudling of Ni (II) and Cr (IV) ions simultaneously present in aqueous solution using adsorbent synthesized from Aegel Marmelos fruit shell and Syzysium Cumini seed; International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology; 6 (1), pp. 114-127, (2013).
[2]. Gupta V. K. Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal–a review. J. Environ Manag; 90 (8), pp. 2313–2342. (2009)
[3]. A. Mamun, M. F. Al Khatib, Y.M. Ahmed, Y. B. Onundi,Adsorption of copper, Nickel and Lead ions from synthetic semiconductor industrial waste water by palm shell activated carbon; International Journal of Science and Technology; 7(4), pp. 751-758, (2010).
[4]. P. N. Tiwari, R. S. Singh, V. K Singh, U. N. Singh and Y. C. Sharma, An economic removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solutions using an Indigenous adsorbent; The Open Environmental Engineering Journ.; 2, pp. 30-36, (2009).
[5]. Ardjmand Mehdi, Baei Mazyar Sharifzadeh and Faghihnasiri Siavash, Kinetic, isotherm study of Ni adsorption from colored waste water using polypyrole/polyvinyl alcohol composite, Middle-East. Journal of Scientific Research;15 (10), pp. 1345-1352, (2013).