Volume-7 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2014

Abstract: The study was conducted to assess seasonal variations in some parameters of water collected from seven different dams in Katsina State, Nigeria using standard procedures. The samples were collected from five locations situated in the east, west, north, south and midpoint in each of the seven dams in the rainy season, harmattan and dry seasons for two years. The temperature, pH and Dissolved Oxygen content of the samples were measured in-situ at the site of collection using a Brannan mercury thermometer, Wagtech international potatest portable pH meter and an auto cal Dissolved Oxygen meter respectively. Other parameters tested are Turbidity which was measured using a HACH 2100N Turbidimeter while Total Solid, Total Suspended Solid and Total Dissolved Solids were determined using gravimetric method. The average reading for the two years was used in the analysis.
Keywords: Analysis, dams, water, Katsina.

[1] Abolude, D.S., Davies, O.A. and Chia, A.M.(2009). Distribution andConcentration of Trace Elements in Kubanni Reservoir in Northern Nigeria. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences. 1(2): 39-44.
[2] APHA(1992). Standard Methods for Water and Effluent Analysis. 18th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
[3] Asmal,K.(2009). Opening remarks by Professor Kader Asmal Chairperson. The world commission on dams.
[4] http://www.adb.org/NGOs/adb-responses.asp. Retrieved 4/4/2009.
[5] Ibrahim, B.U., Auta, J.,andBalogun, J.K.(2009). An Assessment of the Physicochemical Parameters of Kontagora Reservoir, Niger State, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2(1): 64-69.

Abstract: Three rapid, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the quantitative determination of Epinastin hydrochloride (EPH) in bulk and ophthalmic solutions. The methods are based on the charge transfer complexation of EPH as n-electron donor with Iodine as σ-acceptor (method-A), and also with 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinon (DDQ) (method-B) and p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) (method-C) as π -acceptors. The CT complexes exhibited absorption bands at 366nm, 585nm and 514 nm for method-A, method-B and method-C respectively. Under the optimized experimental conditions, Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 20-120 μg/ml for method-A, 15-75 μg/ml for method-B and 25-125 μg/ml for method-C.The coefficient of correlation was found to be 0.998 for three methods. The effect of reagent concentrations, polarity of solvent and effect of reaction time have been studied and optimized. The stoichiometric relationship was determined by Job's continuous method and is found to be 1:1 in each case. The methods have been validated in terms of ICH guidelines and applied to the quantification of EPH in pure form and ophthalmic solutions.
Key words: Charge transfer complexes, spectrophotometry, Epinastine hydrochloride, σ and π acceptors, validation.

[1]. Vkds.Sai1,Ritu Kimbahune1, Mubeen G, Preeti Karwa2, S.Nandini1International Journal of Biopharmaceutics.2013;4(2): 104-109.
[2]. Mandava V. Basaveswara Rao*, B.C.K. Reddy, T.Srinivas Rao and P. Kalyani.RASAYANJ.Chem, Vol.2, No.2 (2009), 361-36.
[3]. Ahirrao V.K. and Pawar R.P. Research Journal of Recent Sciences Vol. 1(ISC-2011), 281-288 (2012)
[4]. AparajitaMalaka, BishwajitBokshi. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(3): 50-55.
[5]. Vera-Candioti L., Olivieri A.C., Goicoechea H.C., Simultaneous multiresponse optimization applied to epinastine determination in humanserum by using capillary electrophoresis, Anal Chim Acta, 595 (1-2) 310-318, (2007).

Abstract: During recent years, the anodization of aluminum, due to its great commercial significance, represents one of the most important and widespread method used for the synthesis of ordered nanostructures. Whose geometry is controlled by diverse synthesis factors which include the voltage applied, the temperature of the electrochemical environment in which the synthesis is carried out, the reagent used to etch the aluminum metal and the time period of anodization. As anodic porous alumina (APA) has high porosity, pores with high aspect ratio with highly ordered pores. The matrix is well-suited for biomedical applications such as protein separation, purification, biomolecule detection, drug delivery protein crystallography and cell cultures because the biological macromolecules can easily fit into the pores of the matrix without the loss of primary biological action. In combination with surface engineering and nanobiotechnology diverse surface modifications are now being realized with nanoscale pore structures of APA that can provide high selectivity to archive a variety of applications based on specific molecular characteristics. This review observes how the structure and properties of APA related to their present and prospective uses for research in biotechnology. In addition, the role of APA are also covered in areas including, sensitive detection methods, microarrays and other molecular assays, and in creating new nanostructures for further uses within biology.
Keywords: Anodic porous alumina (APA, Biomedical applications, highly ordered, Pores, Protein separation.

[1] Haynes, C.L. and Van Duyne, R.P. (2003) Plasmon-sampled surface enhanced Raman excitation spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 7426–7433
[2] Landskron, K. et al. (2003) Periodic mesoporous organosilicas containing interconnected [Si (CH2)] 3 rings. Science 302, 266–269
[3] Anne Julbe, David Farrusseng,Christian Guizard, Porous ceramic membranes for catalytic reactors overview and new ideas Journal of membrane science Volumes 181,Issue1, Pages 3-20
[4] Tong, H.D. et al. (2004) Silicon nitride nanosieve membrane. Nano Lett.4, 283–287
[5] Osmanbeyoglu, H.U. et al. (2009) Thin alumina nanoporous membranes for similar size biomolecule separation. J. Membr. Sci.343, 1–6.

Abstract: Inhibitory compound of α-glucosidase bioactivity was isolated from Ethanol extract of the stem bark of Raru (Vatica pauciflora Blume) which, is a wild plant that grows in Tapanuli state in Indonesia.The ethanol extract of the stem bark of raru was partitioned and was chromatographed on columns with stationare fase silica gel 60 mesh F254 (0,063 mm – 0,200 mm). The ethanol extract of isolates showed the enzyme α-glucosidase inhibitor IC50 of 93.46. The next step is the determination of the chemical structure of the UV Vis, FT-IR, NMR, (COSY, HMQC and HMBC). It found of compounds consist of 2 methoxy, 1 aromatic, and 1 carbonil compounds. The Isolat is a 3,4,9,Trihidroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-10-dimethoxy-2-3-4atetrahydropyrano(3,2-c)isochromen-6(10bH)-one acording to IUPAC.

Keywords: Raru (Vaticapauciflora Blume),antdiabetic, α-glucosidase inhibitor

[1]. Adebayo A. G.2008. Inventory of antidiabetic plants in selected districts of lagos State, Nigeria.Departemenof Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, OlabisiOnabanjo University, Sagamu campus, Ogun State, Nigeria.
[2]. Bahar A., Tawfeq A., Jaber S.,Mossa., and Kehel T. 2005. Isolation antihipertensive activity and Structureactivity Reltionship of flavonoids from three medicinal Plants. Departemen of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy. Saudi Arabia.
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[5]. Ida Duma Riris., Tonel Barus., Basuki W.S., dan Partomuan S. 2013. Aktivitas Antidiabet dan Uji Toksisitas dan Antioksidan dari Ekstrak n-Heksan, Etil Asetat, Etanol, dan Air dari Kulit Batang Raru (Vatica pauciflora Blume). Program Studi Ilmu Kimia Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara. USU Press.

Abstract: In this study, fish samples namely, Tilapia zilli, Clarias geriepinus, Synodontis ocellifer and Alestes baremose were obtained from Njuwa Lake, Yola Adamawa State. Moisture content and other proximate composition was analyzed using methods of open sun drying (40-420c) and shade drying 30-320c respectively. Results showed that the values reported for moisture, crude fibre, crude lipid, crude protein, ash and carbohydrate were ranged between

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Abstract: The Amberlite IR P69 was modified, in a two steps process with new Schiff base (HL) derived from 2-picolyl amine and 2-mercapto-4-methyl-benzyaldehyde. The new modified resin and its polymeric chelates with Cr (III), Co,Ni and Cu (II) have been isolated in the solid states and fully characterized on the basis of H,13C NMR,FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Furthermore the magnetic moments and molar conductance of their solutions in DMSO were recorded to investigate the stereo chemical structures of the prepared metal polymers.

[1]. AmjadHussain, Abdul Ghafoor, M. Anwar-Ul-Haqand Muhammad Nawaz` `Application of the Langmuir and Freundlich
Equations for P Adsorption Phenomenon in Saline-Sodic Soils`` Materials''Nig.I. Pure & Appl. (2000) Vol. 15 ,pp.123-130.
[2]. Abdul Sattar Ali Khan ``Theory of adsorption equilibria analysis based on general equilibrium constant expression``Turk J
Chem(2012).,36, 219. – 231
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Studies of Equilibrium Sorption of Zn+2 Unto Phosphoric Acid Modified Rice Husk``, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, (2012)
3, Issue 1 PP 38-45.
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Abstract: Purified polyester commonly referred to as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres were treated in four chlorinated solvents: perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) and tetrachloromethane (TCM) at room temperature for various time intervals of 30, 60, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900 and 1800 seconds to induce structural modifications of the PET fibre. The effects of these treatments in a relaxed condition on the tensile properties of the treated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres for modulus (MPa), tenacity (MPa) and extension at break (mm) were determined.

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Abstract: The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of [Fe(H2O)]2+ by aqueous iodine was studied in aqueous acidic medium, ionic strength I = 0.5 mol dm-3 (Na2SO4) at (28.0 ± 1.0 oC). The stoichiometry is 1:2 mole ratios (oxidant/reductant). The rate of reaction is first order in oxidant and reductant concentrations. The rate of the reaction increases with increase in hydrogen ion concentration. On scanning the reaction mixturethere was no change in the absorption maximum of iodine indicating absence of a reaction intermediates. On the basis of added cations and the Michaelis-Menten plot, a plausible mechanism is proposed for this reaction. The result is aimed at studying the factors which might be responsible for the depletion of iodine in the thyroid gland which usually led to goiter.

Key words: kinetics, iodine, 1ron (II), Rate, mechanism

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Abstract: Potential biologically active derivatives of the 2- Amino-5-aryl or Formylpyridine-3-Carbonitriles (2a-d ) were prepared by the cyclocondensation reaction of vinamidinium salts with malonitrile. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of elemental (C, H,N) and spectral (1H-NMR,13C-NMR and spectral data) analysis. The compounds were screened for their antifungal and antibacterial activity. The compound 2-amino-5-formylpyridine-3-carbonitrile was found to be the most potent compound of series. Keywords: Antibacterial and antifungual activity, Synthesis compounds, Vinamidinium salts.

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Abstract: 2,6-Disubstituted-5-cyano-4-hydroxypyrimidines (3 and 4) have been prepared via cyclocondensation of ethyl-β-(3-bromo-4-methoxy phenyl)-α-cyanoacrylate (2) with guanidine hydrochloride and thiourea in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Treatment of 3 with acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroacetate, methyl acrylate and 4-methylphenacyl bromide afforded the corresponding N-acetyl (6), N-alkyl (9) and fused pyrimidines (7, 8). The electron impact (EI) ionization mass spectral fragmentations of some synthesized compounds are discussed. Some of the synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial and inhibitory activities against Breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) cell line.

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Abstract: Two new inorganic ion exchange materials Bismuth(III) antimonotungstate(BiSbW) and Bi(III) iodotungstate(BiIW), salts of heteropoly acids were compared to evaluate their performance as ion exchangers and to explore their efficacy as dye adsorbents. Amorphous BiSbW and BiIW have been synthesized by co-precipitation methods by varying the mixing ratio of the reagents. The most stable samples of BiIW and BiSbW have been characterized for spectral analysis (FTIR), elemental analysis (SEM-EDS), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) and X- ray diffraction studies. Their ion exchange capacities for Na+ ions were found to be 0.85 meqg-1(BiSbW) and 2.25 meqg-1(BiIW). The effect on the exchange capacity of drying the exchanger at different temperatures has been studied. The distribution coefficient values shows that these two samples are very selective for Pb2+ ions. Hence their analytical importance has been established by quantitative separation of Pb2+ from other metal ions and quantitative removal of Pb2+ ions from textile industry. The adsorption results also reflected the vital influence of the new materials in controlling the hazardous organic pollutants by adsorption of various dyes from waste water.

Keywords: cation exchangers, distribution coefficient, dye adsorbents, heteropoly acids, ion exchange capacity etc

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Abstract: The facilitated transport of Pb (II) through cellulose triacetate as polymeric support, Cyanex302/xylene as carrier is investigated. The influence of some factors e.g. the aqueous , membrane and strip concentrations on the permeability of Pb(II) were studied. The maximum flux obtained with these membranes is 4.2×10−7 mol m−2 s−1. Aqueous and membranes resistances were determined from a model that describes the transport mechanism across the membranes using the stoichiometric relationship Pb/Cyanex302 and the extraction equilibrium constant value of 8.1×10−5determined independently by liquid–liquid extraction. An activation energy of 65.2 kJ mol−1 was also determined for Pb(II) migration, which suggest that the transport of Pb (II) is controlled by a membrane diffusion mechanism A mathematical model was suggested and validated by experimental result.

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Abstract: Novel material has been synthesized from the hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanopowder by chemical precipitation method in mesopores of activated carbon AC, forming HAp-C. Recently novel compositions in this system HAp-C were described and characterized with regard to DTA,SEM, SBET, Sαt, Sαn VP, Vu, Vot, and Vos,. These studies showed that these novel HAp-C compounds are suitable for bone fabrication. Thus heat treatment of the mixed HAp-C can be applied to increase the crystallinity without creating stresses between the coating and the underlying HAp-C. The degradation and durability of carbon is reviewed in the presence of nanoparticles/ nanocomposites under different environmental conditions. For all products,

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Abstract: Extractive removal of chromium Cr (III) from chloride solutions was carried out using TPPS/xylene. The efficiency of this extractant was studied under various experimental conditions, such as concentration of the aqueous phase, concentration of TPPS and Cr (III) present in the initial aqueous feed. The DTPA as stripping phase, temperature and time of extraction was studied. The percentage of Cr (III) extraction decreases with the increase of temperature at varying concentration of TPPS. The interference of the Cr (VI), Cr (III) and chloride were examined at the optimized conditions.

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Abstract: Physicochemical properties and mineral composition of Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens oils were investigated and evaluated using standard methods. The oils extracted from two varieties of each of Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens were used for this study. The result obtained for physicochemical properties was refractive index (1.451 - 1.439); specific gravity (0.830 - 0.751g/cm3); acid value (2.693 - 0.785mg/g) free fatty acid (1.353 - 0.395mg/g); iodine value (27.920 - 22.842mg/g), saponification number (187.935 - 117.810 mg/g) and unsaponifiable matter (2.400 - 1.473%). The mineral composition (ppm) result ranged as Na (3.40 - 2.10); K (98.80 - 43.70); Ca (32.00 - 6.00); Mg (13.20 - 6.00); Zn (0.04 - 0.01); Fe (7.10 - 2.65); Cu (1.05 - 0.16); Mn (0.44 - 0.12). Cadmium was detected only in bird eye chilli variety of Capsicum frutescens and Nickel was detected in bird pepper variety of Capsicum frutescens. This study has shown that Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens are oil sources with edibility and nutritional qualities as well as industrial applications.

Keywords: Capsicum, industrial, mineral, nutrition, physicochemical

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