Volume-8 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2015

Abstract: The kinetics of the reaction between peroxomonosulphate with glycolic acid was studied in the presence of Fe(II) in the pH range 4.05 to 5.2 at 304K. The reaction followed second order with respect to peroxomonosulphate. The rate of the reaction increases with the [Fe(II)] and independent with respect glycolic acid. A plot of k2obs vs 1/[H+] is a straight line passing through origin. Based on the results a rate equation, kinetic scheme and a most probable mechanism has been predicted.

Keywords: Glycolic acid, Peroxomonosulphate, Kinetics, Alphahydroxy acid, Catalyst

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Abstract: The monomer 3, 6- Di- isocyanato N-substituted Carbazole has been synthesized and three substituted poly ureas have been synthesized by the reaction of monomer 3, 6- Di isocyanato N-substituted Carbazole with ethylene diamine, tri methylene diamine and tetra methylene diamine. The substituted poly ureas have been characterized by IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy.

Keywords: 3, 6- Di- isocyanato N-substituted Carbazole, substituted poly ureas, Interfacial polymerization.

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Abstract: Starches were isolated from Irish potato, cocoyam and cassava tubers and were modified by chemically treating the native starches with Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). Proximate analysis and functional properties test namely, moisture content, protein content, crude fat content, ash content, crude fiber content, pH value, bulk densities (loose and packed), amylase and amylopectin were carried out on the native and modified starches. X-ray diffraction analysis of both the native and the modified starches were carried out. From the X-ray diffraction, Miller indices, particle size and the degree of crystallinity were calculated. The native and modified starches were then used to prepared plastic film. The mechanical properties, namely, tensile strain, tensile stress, and young modulus were calculated from the mechanical properties data, which were obtained from the Instron 3369 mechanical testing machine.

[1]. Olufunmi O. O, Kayode O. A, Bamidele I. O (2008). Effect of heat-moisture treatment on physicochemical properties of white sorghum starch. Food Hydrocolloids.Vol. 22.225–230.
[2]. Adebowale K. O., T. AdeniyiAfolabi, Olayide S. Lawal (2002). Isolation, chemical modification and physicochemical characterisation of Bambarra groundnut (Voandzeia subterranean) starch and flour. Food Chemistry Vol. 78: 305–311
[3]. Junrong Huang , Henk A. Schols, Jeroen J.G. van Soest, Zhengyu Jin, Ellen Sulmann, Alphons G.J. Voragen, (2006). Physicochemical properties and amylopectin chain profiles of cowpea, chickpea and yellow pea starches. Food ChemistryVol.03: 039
[4]. Carolina V. B., Edna R. A., Daiana Cardoso O, Antonio M.C. Rodrigues, Luiza Helena Meller da Silva (2012).Green banana (Musa cavendishii) flour obtained in spouted bed – Effect of drying on Physico-chemical, functional and morphological characteristics of the starch.Journal of Industrial Crops and Products Vol. 41: 241-249.
[5]. Derek X. Duan, Elizabeth Donner, Qiang Liu, Damon C. Smith, François Ravenelle (2011). Potentiometric titration for determination of amylose content of starch – A comparison with colorimetric method. Journal of Industrial CropVol.07:138.

Abstract: A series of some novel azaphenoxazine carboxamide derivatives 2a – e were synthesized by coupling of 3-chloro-1-azaphenoxazine with different amides via nickel catalyzed reaction. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectral studies. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The compounds 2d and 2e exhibited good antibacterial activity while compounds 2a and 2c showed good antifungal activity against tested pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains.

Keywords: Azaphenoxazine, Carboxamide, Nickel(II)Chloride, Antibacterial, Antifungal

[1]. A. T. Balaban; T. Constantinescu; R. D. Baratoic; N. Spataru; T. Spataru; G. Ionita; A. Beteringhe; C. Draghici; M. T. Caproic; I. Baciu; C. R. Radutiu. Wurster aza crown ethers with N-para-phenylphenothiazine or phenoxazine groups. Arkivoc., xiii, 2009, 342 - 362
[2]. A. T. Balaban; T. Constantinescu; R. D. Baratoic; N. Spataru; T. Spataru; G. Ionita; A. Beteringhe; C. Draghici; M. T. Caprioc; I. Baciu; C. R. Radutiu. 3, 5-Dinitro-N-(41- benzo-15-crown)- benzamide derivatives – Synthesis and Properties. Arkivoc., xi, 2008, 307 -321.
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[4]. S. A. Agbo; V. A. Anoh; U. C. Okoro. Nickel catalyzed amidation reaction in the synthesis of azaphenoxazine carboxamides. J. Applicable. Chem., 3(6), 2014, 2526 – 2532
[5]. V. A. Anoh; S. A. Agbo; V. Okonkwo; T. Akpoghol. An efficient approach for Ni-catalyzed cross coupling of 6-chloro-8-azabenzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one and aryl boronic acids. IOSR - J. Applied. Chem., 7(12), 2014, 57 – 60

Abstract: Demand of food safety, quality and environmental concern associated with the handling of plastic waste has emphasized antimicrobial packaging, as one of the promising packaging system. Development of biodegradable and edible films based on natural polymers such as starch has been considered as economical material for antimicrobial packaging. This work aimed at the development of food packaging based on starch blended with chitosan as antimicrobial and gluteraldehyde as crosslinker. Blend of starch (ST) and chitosan (CHI) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (4ml of 2% aqueous solution) is prepared. The common solvent 1% aqueous solution of acetic acid is used for the preparation of polymeric blend of chitosan and starch in the ratio of 5.5. agent.

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Abstract: Demand of food safety, quality and environmental concern associated with the handling of plastic waste has emphasized antimicrobial packaging, as one of the promising packaging system. Development of biodegradable and edible films based on natural polymers such as starch has been considered as economical material for antimicrobial packaging. This work aimed at the development of food packaging based on starch blended with chitosan as antimicrobial and gluteraldehyde as crosslinker. Blend of starch (ST) and chitosan (CHI) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (4ml of 2% aqueous solution) is prepared. The common solvent 1% aqueous solution of acetic acid is used for the preparation of polymeric blend of chitosan and starch in the ratio of 5.5. agent.

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Abstract: The Fe(III), Ru(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of a Schiff base derived from 4-aminobenzene sulfonamide and furan-2-carbaldehyde (FMABS, Scheme:1) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by various physico-chemical data. The ligand acts as a neutral, bidentate one towards the metal ions coordinating through azomethine nitrogen and furan oxygen. The geometry and the bonding characteristics associated with the complexes have been deduced from relevant
spectral data. All the complexes are coloured and stable towards air and moisture. Fe, Ru, Co and Cu complexes are paramagnetic while the remaining are diamagnetic. Consolidating all the data obtained, the Fe, Ru and Cu complexes have been assigned an octahedral geometry, Ni and Pd complexes, a square planar geometry and the Zn, Cd and Hg complexes, a tetrahedral geometry.

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Abstract: Novel mixed ligand complexes of Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) of composistion [M(morphdtc)2(diamine)] were prepared where diamines en/dien/trien and morphdtc stands for morpholinedithiocarbamate. The complexes were characterised using IR, UV-Visible,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Electron spin resonance spectroscopic studies and Magnetic analysis using Vibrating sample magnetometer . The complexes were tested for their fungicidal and bactericidal activities against 3 different fungi and 5 different bacteria respectively. Their anticancer activities were also studied and a comparative account of their antimicrobial and anticancer activities is being presented here.

Keywords:Transition metalMorpholinedithiocarbamates, ethylene diamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine , antimicrobial and anticancer activities

[1]. AAM Aly; MM Kamal; MS El-Meligy; ASA Zidan; M El-Shabasy. Characterization of Some New Nickel(II) Dithiolato Mixed Ligand Complexes With Nitrogen Donor Ligands: Magnetic, Spectral, and Thermal Studies. Synth. React. Inorg. Met.-Org. Chem., 17(3), 1987,257–274.
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Abstract: A new series of Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cu(II) mixed ligand complexes of pentamethylenedithiocarbamate(pmdtc) with diamines such as ethylene diamine(en), diethylenetriamine (dien) and triethylenetetramine(trien) are reported. The synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental, thermal and magnetic analysis, UV-Visible, infra-red, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and ESR Spectral studies. Antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer activities have also been carried out for these complexes. All the complexes have shown reasonable activity indicating apromising future for the mixed ligand complexes of Ni (II), Zn (II), and Cu (II) in biological field with less side effects.

Keywords: Ni (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), pentamethylene dithiocarbamate,en/dien/trien, antibacterial antifungal anticancer

[1]. Onwudiwe DC, AjibadePA, Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Studies of Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) Complexes of N-Methyl-N-Phenyldithiocarbamate: The Single Crystal Structure of [(C6H5) (CH3) NCS2]4Hg2, Int.J.Mol.Sci12, 2011, 1964-1978.
[2]. Onwudiwe, D.C; Ajibade, P.A. Synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of N-alkyl-N-phenyl dithiocarbamates, Polyhedron, 29, 2010, 1431-1436.
[3]. Benigno, M.; María, V.V.; Eduardo, C.; Silvia, M.V.; Alfonso, C.; Joaquín, B,Copper complexes with dithiocarbamates derived from natural occurring amino acids. Crystal and molecular structure of [Cu(en)(EtOH)(H2O)3][Cu(dtc-pro)2] ,Polyhedron.,2002, 21, 1899-1904.
[4]. De Lima, M.; Menezes, C.; Camila, A.C.; Jaqueline, A.F.; dos Santos; Isabella, P.F.; Eucler,B.P.; James, L.W.; Solange, M.S.; Wardell, K.K.; Isolda, C.M.; Heloisa, B.Synthesis, characterization and biological aspects of copper(II) dithiocarbamate complexes, [Cu{S2CNR(CH2CH2OH)}2], (R = Me, Et, Pr and CH2CH2OH). J.Mol. Struct., 2011, 988, 1–8.
[5]. Saad E. Al- Mukhtar et al, Synthesis and Characterization of Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II)Complexes with 4-Hydroxypiperidinedithiocarbamate and theirAdducts with Neutral Bases, Raf. J. Sci., 2014, Vol. 25, 53-61, 2014.

Abstract: Highly sensitive and selective direct spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of aluminium in various real samples. 5- methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl] methyl] sulfinyl]-1H-Benzimidazole reacts with V(V) forming greenish yellow coloured soluble complex in aqueous dimethyl formamide which has a λmax at 410 nm in the pH range 4.0-7.0. The system obeyed Beer's law in the range 0.508 – 0.854 μg mL-1 of V (V). The molar absorptivity is 2.65 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and The Sandell's sensitivity is 0.0825 μg/cm2. The standard deviation of the method for ten determinations of 0.579 μg/ml of V (V) is 0.0086. The correlation coefficient (γ) of the calibration equation of the experimental data is 0.9897.Studies on effect of diverse ions showed almost all the anions a majority of the cations do not interfere in more than 30 fold excess. The direct method was applied for the determination of vanadium biological samples like cabbage leaves and Goat leaves, blood and urine samples Tap water and plant materials.

Key words: V (V), Direct spectrophotometric determination, ESMPZL.

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Abstract: The realm of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) continues to be a captivating and ever-evolving field, marked by its remarkable versatility and the limitless potential it holds. As we delve deeper into the intricacies of this technology, it becomes evident that MIPs are not just materials; they are the embodiment of precision, selectivity, and innovation. This paper embarks on a journey into the world of MIPs, where synthetic polymers are meticulously engineered to mimic the remarkable selectivity of natural receptors, opening up a vista of applications that span from environmental remediation to drug delivery........

Key words: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Environmental Remediation, Template Polymerization, Targeted Delivery.

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