Volume-8 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2015

Abstract: The paper contains a detailed overview of recent advances relating to polyaniline (PANI) and gold particles as a transducer material for sensor applications. This conducting polymer provides enormous opportunities for binding metals, tuning their catalytic properties, rapid electron transfer and direct communication to produce a range of analytical signals and new analytical applications. Merging the specific nature of metal (gold particles) and the key properties of this modern conducting matrix, sensor designed using polymer (polyaniline) and metal (gold particles) and their sensing characteristics have been analysed which showed an increase in peak currents according to their modification (Bare, Polyaniline and Gold/Polyaniline Carbon Paste Electrode) as shown below with a diffusion co-efficiency of 1 using potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6) as the electro active specie.

[1] Navarathe A, Susantha, N. An electroanalytical sensor for detection the detection of gramoxone (paraquat) Anal.Lett.2000, 33:1491
[2] Priyantha N., Weliwegamage S., Ekanayake C.B. Determination of MCPA through electrocatalysis by manganese species, int.j.
Electrochem.Sci. 2007, 2: 433.
[3] Bedioui, Fethi, Griveau Sophie, Nyokong Tebello, Appleby A John, Caro Claudia A, Gulppi Miguel, Ochoa Gonzalo and Zagal,
Jose. Tuning the redox properties of metalloporphyrin- and metallophthalocyanine-based molecular electrodes for the highest
electrocatalytic activity in the oxidation of thiols. Physical chemistry chemical physics: PCCP, 2007. 9(26): p. 3383-96.
[4] Dhand Chetna, Das Maumita, Datta Monika and Malhotra, BD. Recent advances in polyaniline-based biosensors. Biosensors &
Bioelectronics, 2011(6): p. 2811-2821.
[5] Craston Derek H, Jones Christopher P, Williams David E and El Murr Nabil. Microband electrodes fabricated by screen-printing
processes: Applications in electroanalysis. Talanta, 1991. 38(1): p. 17-26.
[6] Wang, J., Z. Taha, and N. Naser, Electroanalysis at modified carbon-paste electrodes containing natural ionic polysaccharides.
Talanta, 1991. 38(1): p. 81-8.

Abstract: Metal matrix composites are heterogeneous systems containing matrix and reinforcement. Their physical and mechanical properties can be tailored according to requirement. They are used in automobile, aircraft and marine industries because of their increased corrosion resistance. In this paper weight loss corrosion test, open circuit potential test and potentiostat test are conducted on Aluminium 7075/ Red Mud metal matrix composites in different concentrated neutral chloride solutions like sodium chloride solutions.
Composites are prepared by liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method. Composites containing 2, 4 and 6 percent of red mud are prepared according to ASTM standards.

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[4]. Girish, B.M., Kamath, R., & Satish, B.M., "Fractography, fluidity, and tensile properties of aluminum/hematite particulate composites" Jour. Of Mat. Engg. & Perf. vol.8 (1999) pp.1999.
[5]. Feest, E.A., "Metal matrix composites for industrial application" Mater. Design, vol. 7 (1986) pp.58
[6]. John E. Allison & Gerald S. Cole, Jour. Metals, vol. 45, (1993) pp.29.

Abstract: The complexes of the formula [Pd(phen)(tsa)] and [Pd(tsa)2] (where phen= 1,10-phenanthroline and tsa = dianion of thiosalicylic acid) were synthesized replacing solvent DMSO by water, in order to develop a cleaner chemical synthetic process. Photosensitivity of the synthesized complexes has been studied. A series of photochemical experiments has been performed to investigate the role of these complexes in photo-oxygenation reactions. Study of photolysis of these complexes suggests the involvement of singlet oxygen which is further confirmed by using sodium azide as quencher of 1O2. Progress of the reaction is monitored by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The rate constant and yield of singlet oxygen has been determined using DPBF(1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran) as probe .

[1]. M Z Hoffman , FBolletta,LMoggi, G L Hug,Rate constants for quenching of excited states of metal complexes in fluid solutions,JPhysChemRefData:18,No.1,1989,219-543
[2]. A AGorman, G LoveringandMAJRodgers,APulse Radiolysis Study of the TripletSensitized Production of Singlet Oxygen:Determination of Energy Transfer EfficienciesJAmChemSoc,100:14, 1978, 4527-4532
[3]. GaoR.,Ho D C,HernandezB,Selke M ,Murphy D, Djurovich P I,Thompson M E,Novel palladium(II) complexes containing a sulfur ligand:structure and biological activity on HeLa cellsJ.Am. Chem.Soc. 124 ,2002,263-274
[4]. S Shukla,SSKamath, TS Srivastava,Mixed ligand complexes of Pt(II) and Pd(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline and aromatic chelating ligands containing OH or SH group as photosensitizers for the generation of 1O2,J photochemphotobiol A:Chemistry 47,1989,287-289
[5]. S Shukla, SS Kamath, TS Srivastava, Ability of Pt(II)complexes of 2,2' bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline with halides and pseudohalides to photosensitize the production of 1O2,J photochemphotobiol A:Chemistry44,1988, 143-152

Abstract: Several plant species are known to exert wide range of physiological effects in addition to aroma and flavour . In recent years there has been an increased enthusiasm in treating the diseases by natural products.Curcumin,the bioactive pigment in Turmeric has found a wide application in this context.Curcumin , its analogues and metal complexes have been extensively studied for their biological activities including antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anticarcinogenic etc. Recently a number of compounds structurally related to curcuminoids were synthesized and their biological activities have been studied. In the present study, the synthesis and characterization of a curcuminoid analogue with dimethyl substituted phenyl ring and its metal chelates Cu(II),Zn(II) ,Oxovanadium(IV) & Ni(II) are discussed here.

[1]. Holt PR, Katz S, Kirshoff R. Curcumin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study. Dig. Dis. Sci.2005; 50.
[2]. Shishodia S, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin: getting back to the roots. Ann N Y Acad. Sci 2005; 1056.
[3]. Sharma RA, Gescher AJ, Steward WP. Curcumin: The story so far. Eur. J. Cancer. 2005; 41.
[4]. Chainani-Wu N. Safety and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcumin. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 2003.
[5]. Chandra D, Gupta SS. Anti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of volatile oil. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 1972; 60: 138-140.
[6]. Iqbal M, Sharma SD, Okazaki Y, Fujisawa M, Okada S. Dietary supplementation of curcumin enhances antioxidant and Phase II metabolizing enzymes in ddy male mice: possible role in protection against chemical carcinogenesis and toxicity. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 2003; 1: 92.
[7]. Kuo ML, Huang TS, Lin JK.Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-tumour promoter. Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1996; 2: 1317.

Abstract: The FTIR spectrum of terephthaloyl chloride was recorded and analyzed. The optimized molecular structures, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers, and corresponding vibrational assignments of the terephthaloyl chloride are theoretically examined by using the Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) density functional theory (DFT) method together with the standard 6-311++G(d,p)basis set. The geometrical and thermodynamic parameters, highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), Infrared intensities, Raman activitiesand molecular electrostatic potential results are reported. In addition, reliable vibrational assignments have been made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) using VEDA4 program. Simulated IR and Raman spectra are compared with the experimental FTIR and FT-Raman spectra.

Keywords: Terephthaloyl chloride, FTIR, PED, Vibrational Spectra,HOMO and LUMO.

[1]. DuPont Specialty Chemical Intermediates. Terephthaloyl Chloride (http://www.dupont.com/specintermediates/tcl.html (accessed Aug 2006).
[2]. J. M Garcia, F. C. Garcia, F. Serna, J. L de la Pena, High performance aromatic polyamids, Progress in Polymer Science, 35 (5), 2010, 623−686.
[3]. H. Ichiura, T. Seike, Y. Ohtani, Interfacial Polymerization of Functional Paper: Morphology of the Nylon Film Prepared on Paper Surfaces, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52, 2013, 9137−9144.
[4]. C. H. Schmitz, M. Schmid, S. Gartner, H. Steinruck, J. M. Gottfried, M. Sokolowski Surface Polymerization of Poly(p-phenylene-terephthalamide) on Ag(111) Investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 2011, 18186–18194.
[5]. S. R Long, M. L. Zhang, G. Zhang, X. J. Wang, J. Yang, Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalamide/ hexamethyleneterephthalamide), Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 49(1), 2012, 67-72.

Abstract: The crude extract of Garcinia kola fruit was subjected to column chromatographic separation of its component phytochemicals. Three of the eluates obtained gave single spots on a TLC plate. The FTIR characterization of the three eluates revealed that they all possessed alkyl and aromatic hydroxides with dimeric character. Eluates 1, 2 and 3 also possessed amine groups, pyridine/pyrimidine rings and 6-ring ketone moieties respectively. Antibacterial activity studies of the three eluates showed all to have a cumulative bactericidal activity against five out of the ten organisms used in the study. Eluate 2 which had the pyridine/pyrimidine moiety inhibited the growth of Klebsiella aerogenes which was not achieved using the other eluates and the broad spectrum antibiotics Levofloxacin.

[1]. Ayensu, E.S. (1978). Medicinal Plants of West Africa. Reference Publ. Inc., Algonac, MI., USA, pp. 162-163.
[2]. Farombi E.O., Adepoju B.F., Ola-Davies O.E. and Emerole G.O. (2005). Chemoprevention of aflatoxin B1- induced genotoxicity and hepatic oxidative damage in rats by kolaviron, a natural bioflavonoid of Garcinia kola seeds. Eur. Cancer J. Prev., 14:207-214.
[3]. Etkin N.L. (1981). A hausa herbal pharmacopoeia: Biomedical evaluation of commonly used plant medicines. J. Ethnopharmacol., 4:75-98.
[4]. Iwu M.M. and Igboko O. (1982). Flavonoids of Garcinia kola seeds J. Natural. Prod., 45:650-651.
[5]. Akintonwa A. and Essien A.R. (1990). Protective effects of Garcinia kola seed against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 29: 207-211.
[6]. Braide V.D. (1990). Pharmacology Effects of Chronic Ingestion of Garcinia Kola Seeds in Rats. Phytotherapy research, 4: 39-41.

Abstract: The nutritional and anti nutritional composition of Adenopus breviflorus benth seed flour and protein isolate were studied. The protein isolated was found to have 95.13% protein while the seed flour has 30.44% protein, the percentage fat, fibre, ash in the seed flour are 52.63%, 3.33% and 3.11% respectively. Fat was not detected in the isolate while the ash 1.09%, fibre 1.03% are lower for the isolate than the value obtained for the full fat flour. The mineral composition ranged from 0.39 to 164.94mg/100g for the full fat flour with phosphorus being the most concentrated while the mineral composition of the isolate range from 0.07 to 95.15% with potassium being the most concentrated. The Na/K ratio (0.74) of the isolate was lower than the 1.0 recommended. The amino acids values for the flour and protein isolate range between 10.17-196.30mg/100g and 10.50-143.87mg/100g respectively.

1]. Abiodun, O.A. and R.O. Adeleke, (2010). Comparative Studies onNutritional
[2]. Composition of Four Melon Seeds varieties. Pak. J. Nutr., 9:905-908.
[3]. Adeyeye, E.L., (1997). Amino acid Composition of Six Varieties of the Dehulled African yam bean (Sphenostylis Stenocarpa) flour, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 48:345-351.
[4]. AOAC. (2005). International Official Methods of Analysis (18th edition).
[5]. Association of Analytical Chemist, Washinton D.C.
[6]. Apata D.F. and A.D., Ologhobo, (1994). Biochemical Evaluation of some Nigerian Legume Seeds. Food Chem., 49: 333-338.

Abstract: Pyrolizidine alkaloids are toxic for human and livestock. Various reports have been investigated the PA's intoxication in human as well as animals. Plants containing hepatotoxic PAs are present in most parts of the world and often cause poisoning in cattles and also in human. Several traditional popular medicines of India have been reported for successful treatment of various diseases. Among these medicines some were found to have Pyrrolizidine alkaloids which showed long term toxicity effect in human. The other source of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids exposure is consumption of grains contaminated with toxic PAs containing plants by human and grazing livestock which enter food chain and cause intoxication. In the present study some reported PAs containing medicinal plant parts were collected and analysed for presence of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids qualitatively and compared for the quantity with each other.

[1]. Bfr, Pyrrolizidone alkaloids in herbal teas and teas , July 5, 2013
[2]. L. C. Dolan, R. A. Matulka, G. A. Burdock, Naturally Occuring Food Toxins. Toxins. 2(9); 2010, 2289-2332.
[3]. D. Ober, T. Hartmann, Homospermidine synthase, the first pathway-specific enzyme of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, evolved from deoxyhypusine synthase. PNAS 96, 1999, 14777-82.
[4]. E. Roeder, H. Wiedenfeld, Plants Containing Pyrrolizidine alkaloids used in Traditional Indian Medicine-including Ayurveda, Pharmazi, 2013, 68(2),83-92.
[5]. V. B. Dash, V. L. Kashyab, Materia Medica of Ayurveda. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi. 1980

Abstract: The starting materials 4-[4-aryloxybut-2-ynylthio][1]benzopyran-2-ones 5(a-f) for this purpose were synthesised in 75-87% yield by the phase transfer-catalysed alkylation of 4-mercaptocoumarin 3 with 1-chloro- 4-aryloxybut-2-yne 4(a-f). 5(a-f) were subjected to [2,3] sigmatropic or sulfoxide rearrangement to give 3- (aryloxyacetyl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-4-ones with high yield and atom economy under very mild condition through treatment with metachloroperoxybenzoic acid followed by refluxing in carbon tetrachloride.
Keywords: [2,3]sigmatropicrearrangement,4-mercaptocoumarin, 1-chloro-4-aryloxybut-2-yne ,Regioselective, Phase-transfer catalyst.

[1]. Meunier,P; Mentzer, C; Vinet, M. A. Helv. Chim. Acta, 1946, 29, 1291.
[2]. Deana, A. A. J. Med. Chem., 1983, 26, 580.
[3]. Wenkert, E.; Buckwalter, B. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 4367.
[4]. Morina Adfa; Tsuyoshi Yoshimura; kenichi Komura; Mamoru Koketsu. J. Chemical Ecology, 2010, 36(7), 720.
[5]. Lauger, V. P.; Martin, H.; Muller, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 27, 892.
[6]. Zhang, Ye; Zou, Biqum, Chen, Zhenfeng; Pan, Yingming; Wang, Hengshan; Liang, Hong; Yi, Xiang hui. Bio Organic and medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011, 21(22), 6811.

Abstract: The substrates 4-[4-aryloxybut-2-ynylthio][1]benzopyran-2-ones 5(a-f) for this purpose were prepared in 70-87% yield by the phase transfer-catalysed alkylation of 4-mercaptocoumarin 3 with 1-chloro-4- aryloxybut-2-yne 4(a-f). 5(a-f) were heated in chlorobenzene to furnish 4-aryloxymethyl-2H- thiopyrano[3,2- c][1]benzopyran-5(2H)-ones with high yield and atom economy. Keywords: 4- mercaptocoumarin, 1-chloro-4-aryloxybut-2-yne ,Regioselectivity, Phase-transfer catalyst, [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement.

[1]. Meunier,P; Mentzer, C; Vinet, M. A. Helv. Chim. Acta, 1946, 29, 1291.
[2]. Deana, A. A. J. Med. Chem., 1983, 26, 580.
[3]. Wenkert, E.; Buckwalter, B. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 4367.
[4]. Morina Adfa; Tsuyoshi Yoshimura; kenichi Komura; Mamoru Koketsu. J. Chemical Ecology, 2010, 36(7), 720.
[5]. Lauger, V. P.; Martin, H.; Muller, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 27, 892.
[6]. Zhang, Ye; Zou, Biqum, Chen, Zhenfeng; Pan, Yingming; Wang, Hengshan; Liang, Hong; Yi, Xiang hui. Bio Organic and medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011,21(22), 6811.

Abstract: 4-Propargylthio[1]benzopyran-5-ones 5(a-d) were heated in chlorobenzene to furnish 2Hthiopyrano[ 3,2-c][1]benzopyran-5-ones 6(a-d) with high yield and atom economy. In all cases regioselectivity was maintained. Substrates 5(a-d) were prepared using phase-trasfer catalysed alkylation process rather than classical alkylation to get higher yield under mild condition.
Keywords: Thio-Claisen rearrangement, Coumarin derivatives, Propargyl halides,Regioselective, Phasetransfer catalyst

[1]. Morina Adfa; Tsuyoshi Yoshimura; kenichi Komura; Mamoru Koketsu. J. Chemical Ecology, 2010, 36(7), 720.
[2]. Lauger, V. P.; Martin, H.; Muller, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 27, 892.
[3]. Zhang, Ye; Zou, Biqum, Chen, Zhenfeng; Pan, Yingming; Wang, Hengshan; Liang, Hong; Yi, Xiang hui. Bio Organic and medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011,21(22), 6811.
[4]. Majumdar, K. C.; Khan, A. T.; Chattopadhyay, S. K. Heterocycles, 1989, 29, 1573.
[5]. Majumdar, K. C.; Jana, N. K.; Bandyopadhyay, A.; Ghosh, S. K. Synth. Commun. 2001, 31, 2979.