Volume-9 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2016

Abstract: The determination of fluoride ions in phosphogypsum with ion selective electrode was studied. The operating conditions of fluoride determination have been experimentally optimized using a synthetic solution of fluoride ions which they are the pH, individual interfering ions concentrations and various kinds of TISABs in the presences of individual or multi-component of interfering ions as well as the equilibrium contact time..........
Keywords: Fluoride, Phosphogypsum, Ion-selective electrode, Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer (TISAB).

[1]. P. Patnaik, Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003, p. 297.
[2]. P.C. Pandey, P. Kumar, M. Rani, S. Katiyar, V. Tomar, Fluoride-induced impact of aluminium industrial power plant on plants and human inhabiting areas, Geofizika, 31(2), 2014, 151–168.
[3]. S. Klaus, G. Hurth, A. Hoechst, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Germany, Wiely-VCH Verlag, 2002.
[4]. S.I. Abu-Eishah, N.M. Abu-Jabal, Parametric study on the production of phosphoric acid by the dihydrate process, Chemical Engineering Journal, 81(1-3), 2001, 231-250.
[5]. L. Monser, M. Ben Amor, M. Ksibi, Purification of wet phosphoric acid using modified activated carbon, Chemical Engineering and Processing, 38(3), 1999, 267-271.

Abstract: The plant Mirabilis jalapa is renowned for its medicinal properties. This study focuses on the bioguided isolation of constituents present in aerial parts of this plant. Subfractions of pulverized aerial parts of M. jalapa were screened for activity against selected enteropathogenic bacteria. The MIC and MBC were also determined for the subfractions. Three compounds were isolated from the most active methanol subfraction..........
Keywords: Mirabilis jalapa, anti bacterial, diarrhea, spectroscopy

[1]. Arima, H., Ashida, H., & Danno, G. I. (2002). Rutin-enhanced antibacterial activities of flavonoids against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis.Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 66(5), 1009-1014.

[2]. Comerford SC (1996) Medicinal plants of two Mayan healers from San Andŕes, Peten, Guatemala. Econ Bot 50:327–336
[3]. Cushnie, T. T., & Lamb, A. J. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids.International journal of antimicrobial agents, 26(5), 343-356. (ref)

[4]. Encarnacion DR, Virgen M, Ochoa N (1998) Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from Baja California Sur (Mexico). Pharm Biol 36:33–43

Abstract: The kinetics of oxidation of D-arabinose and D-xylose by KMnO4 in acidic medium has been studied in the temperature range 30-400C in presence of Ir (III) catalyst. The reaction observed first oder kinetics on sugar which were independent on increasing of concentration of Ir (III) and ionic strength effect was found to be negligible. Arrhenius activation perameters have been calculated. Oxidative products were formic acid and erythronic acid...........
Keywords: Kinetics, sugars, Potassium permanganate, sulphuric acid, D-arabinose, D-xylose, Iridium chloride, Potassiumnitrate.

[1]. Odebunmi EO, Obike AI, Owalude SO. "Kinetics and Mechanism of oxidation of D-xylose and L- arabinose by Chromium (VI) ions in perchloric acid medium. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 2(2), 2009, pp122-134.
[2]. Odebunmi EO, Ogunlaja AS, Owalude SO. "Kinetic of oxidation of D-arabinose and D-xylose by vanadium (V) in the presence of manganese II as homogenous catalyst",Orbital Electr. J. Chem. 2,2, 2010, 127-139.
[3]. Odebunmi EO, owalude SO "Kinetics and thermodynamic studies of glucose oxidase catalyzed oxidation reaction of glucose". J Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 11(4): 2007, 95-100.
[4]. Odebunmi EO, Oyetunji OA, Marufu H. "The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of mannose and d-mannitol by KMnO4 and hexachloroiridate (IV)", Niger. J. Sci. (33): 1991, 145-154.
[5]. Ogunlaja AS, Odebunmi EO, Owalude SO. "Kinetics and mechanism of Mn (II) catalyzed oxidation of D-Arabinose and Dxylose by chromium (vi) ions in perchloric acid medium". The pacific J. Sci. Technol. 10(1): 2009, 451-461.

Abstract: Countries exist to meet the expectations of its constituents in both economic and political terms. For multinational states such as Kenya, attaining this is a very big challenge knowing the history since independence to date. Though constitutions and systems of governance within it in "democratic dispensation‟ require individuals competing to be in charge of resource distribution and charting the development agenda, this does not seem to be quite the case..........
Keywords: Federalism/ Majiomboism/ Majimbo/ Federated States/ Redefining Kenya/ Kenya‟s Governance/ Multinational States/ Governance System/ Kenya

[1]. Alesina, Alberto, and Eliana, Laferrara. (2000) ―Participation in Heterogeneous Communities,‖ Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), 847-904.
[2]. Babalola, Dele (2013). ―The Origins of Nigerian Federalism: The Rikerian Theory and Beyond‖ Federal Governance. Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 43-54.
[3]. Bayart, J. F. (1993). The state in Africa: The politics of the belly. London: Longman
[4]. Bratton, M. (1989). Beyond the State: Civil society and associational life in Africa. World Politics, 41(3), 407-430.
[5]. Burgess, M. (1999). ‗Obstinate or Obsolete? The State of the Canadian. Federation', Regional & Federal Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1-15.

Abstract: Worldwide around 120 million accidents occur at workplaces out of which 210,000 are fatal accidents. More than 500 men and women killed every day at work places because of various reasons; this phenomenon needs urgent attention in order to find out remedial measures to save precious lives of our workforce. In construction industry particularly on projects sites workers are very often prone to accidents associated with their work because of inadequate safety provisions...........
Keywords: Chemical, Cadmium, accidents, welding, Painting

[1] Douglas, M., & Wildavsky, A. (1982). Risk and culture. Berkeley: University of California Press
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[3] Mathews, J. (1993). Health and safety at work. 2nd ed. Sydney: Pluto Press
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[5] European Commission, European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW), Methodology, 2001 ILO Safety and Health at Work

Abstract: Studies for determination of sulphur functional groups present in Bapung coal of Assam State of North Eastern Region of India were carried out using Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) method. TPR studies were carried out in presence of Resorcinol and hydrogen gas to arrive at the final result. TPR studies on model sulphur compounds viz. L-Cysteine, synthetic rubber, Thiokol, having hydroxyl terminal groups, thioplast, pyrite with sand, and Garlic were carried out in order to assign..........
Keywords: Bapung coal, Assam coal, high sulphur coal, model sulphur compounds, TPR, desulphurization, hydro desulphurization, disulphide, Thiol, Thioether, Thiophene, Thioketone.

[1] Srivastava,S.K.,Projectreporton Chemical desulphurisation of high sulphur coals report(Interim) no.RR/CFRI/2.06/87,CFRI,Dhanbad,1987
[2] Srivastava,S.K.,Projectreporton Chemical desulphurization of high sulphurassam coals reportno.RR/CFRI/2.02/90,CFRI,Dhanbad,1990
[3] Attar,A.,andDupuis,F .Am.chem.Soc.Div.Fuel Chem. Prepr,1978,23,44.
[4] Majchrowicz, B.B.;Franco,D.V.; Yeperman,J.; Reggers,G.; Gelan,,J.; Martens,H.;Mullens,J. and Van Pucke,L.C., Fuel 1991,70 ,434. [5] Jorjani ,E.;Yperman,J.;Carleer,R.;Rezai,B., Fuel, 2006,85,114.

Abstract: Tropical biomass burning contributes significantly to the global atmospheric pollutants. This study presents the compositional analysis and the associated volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from ten tropical (Malaysian) biomass species by a developed on-line burning facility. In addition, the potential of the analysis method to estimate the emitted compounds and the emission factor were also demonstrated...........
Keywords: biomass, burning, experimental, emissions factor, GC/MS, sampling, tropical, VOCs

[1] Denier H van der Gon , R. Bergström , C. Fountoukis , C. Johansson, S. N. Pandis, D. Simpson , and A. J. H. Visschedijk1 (2015). Particulate emissions from residential wood combustion in Europe – revised estimates and an evaluation. Atmo. Chem. Phys, 15, 6503-6519.
[2] Chrysikou P, Gemenetzis A, Kouras E, Manoli E, Terzi, Samara C (2008) Distribution of persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements in soil and vegetation following a large scale landfill fire in northern Greece. Environ. Int. 34, 210–225.
[3] Gadde B, Bonnet S, Menke C, Garivait S (2009) Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines, Environ. Pollut. 157, 1554–1558.
[4] Yuan B, Shao M, de Gouw J, Parrish DD, Lu SH, Wang M, Zeng LM, Zhang Q, Song Y, Zhang JB, Hu M (2012) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Urban Air: How Chemistry Affects the Interpretation of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) Analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 117: D24302, doi: 10.1029/2012JD018236.

Abstract: The structural and optical properties of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been investigatedusing (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and SEM. The nanoparticles show a peak around 375 nm. The nanoparticles have spherical shape with an average particle size ˂80 nm. The effect of ZnO NPs was studied on the activity of total peroxidase in saliva of 60patients with chronic periodontitis in comparison to 20 healthy subjects with average age about 30- 60 years.........
Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, Peroxidase activity,Saliva, and chronic periodontitis

[1] Genco , R. J., Williams, R. C., (2010).Periodontal Disease and Overall Health: Aclinician´s Guide . Inc. USA. pp:5.
[2] Salata, O.V. (2004). Applications of nanoparticles in biology and medicine. J. Nanobiotechnology. doi: 10. 1186/1477-3155-2-3 .
[3] Panatarotto, D., Prtidos, C.D., Hoebeke J, Brown F, Kramer E, Briand JP, Muller, S., Prato, M., and Bianco, A. (2003). Immunization with peptide-functionalized carbon nanotubes enhances virus-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Chem. & Biol. 10:961–966.
[4] Nam, J.M., Thaxton, C.C., Mirkin, C.A. (2003). Nanoparticles-based bio-bar codes for the ultrasensitive detection of proteins. Sci. 301:1884–1886.