Volume-2 ~ Issue-1

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Synthesis of 8-(5-Aryl-4-Octyl-2-Phenyl-3, 4-Dihydro-2H-Pyrazol-3-yl)-Octanoic acid ethyl esters via 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M. Govindaraju, G. Vasanth Kumar, B.N. Mylarappa, K. Ajay Kumar
	:	10.9790/5736-0210104

Abstract: Aldehyde phenyl hydrazones 2a-i undergo oxidative dehydrogenation with Chloramine-T to give nitrile imines, which are trapped in situ by ethyl oleate 1 to afford 8-(5-Aryl-4-octyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-octanoic acid ethyl esters 3a-i in good yield. The structures of the cycloadducts were confirmed by spectral studies and elemental analysis.
Key words: Pyrazoles, pyrazolines, chloramine-T, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, cycloadducts.

[1] I. Damljanovic, M. Vukicevic, N. Radulovic, R. Palic, E. Ellmerer, Z. Ratkovic, M.D. Joksovic, R.D. Vukicevic, "Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new pyrazole derivatives containing ferrocene unit", Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 2009, 1093-1096.
[2] Vijay V. Dabholkar, Faisal Y. Ansari, "Synthesis and characterization of selected fused isoxazole and pyrazole derivatives and their antimicrobial activity", J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 74(11), 2009, 1219-1228.
[3] E. Abdu Musad, R. Mohamed, B.A. Saeed, B.S. Vishwanath, K.M.L. Rai, "Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of new substituted bis(1,3,4-oxadiazoles), 3,5-bis(substituted) pyrazoles and isoxazoles", Bioorg. and Med. Chem. Letters, 21(12), 2011, 3536-3540.
[4] Ahmed I. Hashem, Ahmed S. A. Youssef, Kamal A. Kandeel, Wael S. I. Abou-Elmagd, "Conversion of some 2(3H)-furanones bearing a pyrazolyl group into other heterocyclic systems with a study of their antiviral activity", Eur. J. Med. Chem., 42(7), 2007, 934-939.
[5] P.T. Chovatia, J.D. Akabari, P.K. Kachhadia, P.D. Zalawadia, H.S. Joshi, "Synthesis and selective antitubercular and antimicrobial inhibitory activity of 1-acetyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole derivatives", J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 71(7), 2007, 713-720.
[6] Pedro E. Almeida da Silva, Daniela F. Ramos, Helio G. Bonacorso, Augustina I. de la Iglesia, Marli R. Oliveira, Tatiane Coelho, Jussara Navarini, Hector R. Morbidoni, Nilo Zanatta, A.P. Martins, "Synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial activity of 3-substituted 5-hydroxy-5-trifluoro[chloro]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-(isonicotinoyl) pyrazoles", Int. J. of Antimicrobial Agents, 32, 2008, 139-144. [7] Ashraf Hassan Abadi, Amal Abdel Haleem Eissa, Ghaneya Sayed Hassan, "Synthesis of novel 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives and their evaluation as antitumor and antiangiogenic agents", Chem. Pharm. Bull., 51(7), 2003, 838-844.
[8] Adnan A. Bekhit, Tarek Abdel-Aziem, "Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of some pyrazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory-antimicrobial agents", Bioorg. Med. Chem., 12, 2004, 1935-1945.
[9] N. Satheesha Rai, Balakrishna Kalluraya, B. Lingappa, Shaliny Shenoy, Vedavathi G Puranic, "Convenient access to 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles carrying 5-nitrothiophene moiety via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of sydnones with acetylenic ketones and their antimicrobial evaluation", Eur. J. of Med. Chem., 43, 2008, 1715-1720.
[10] Rolf Huisgen, Michael Seidel, Gunter Wallbillich, Hans Knufper, Diphenyl-nitrilimin and seine 1,3-dipolaren additionen an alkene and alkine", Tetrahedron, 17, 1962, 3-29.

Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Assessment on the characteristics of river kodayar with reference to Physico-chemical parameters
Country	:	India
Authors	:	V.Sreeja and A.Ramalingom Pillai
	:	10.9790/5736-0210508

Abstract :The physico-chemical parameters of water samples of Kodayar River collected across few stations were assessed. The parameters like temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Chloride (Cl), Nitrate (NO3-), Phosphate (PO43-) and Sulphate (SO42-) was determined. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO (1973) and ISI (10500-91). It was found that the water samples were not much contaminated and fit for domestic purposes. Few parameters in some of the selected stations were found to be higher and preventive measures should be adopted for quality water for domestic utilization.
Key words: Kodayar River, Physico-chemical parameters, pollution, Surface water.

[1] S.Julie Ranee and S.Vasantha; Physico-chemical analysis of borewell water samples of Anaiyur area in Madurai district, TamilNadu, India, J.Curr.Sci. 15(2): 403-408.
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[4] Vijender Singh; Physico-chemical examination of water, Sewage and Industrial effluents, Res.J.chem and ENV, 10(3), 62-66(2006).
[5] Arunbh Mishra and Vasishta Bhatt; Physico-Chemical and Microbiological analysis of Under Ground Water in V.V. Nagar and nearby places of Anand District, Gujarat, India, E-J. chem., 5(3), 487-492, (2008).
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Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Characteristics of Pore Structures and Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbons by Physisorption, Ftir And Boehm Methods
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	A. Allwar
	:	10.9790/5736-0210915

Abstract: Highly-porous structures of activated carbon were prepared from oil palm shell. Their adsorptive characteristics and surface chemistry were investigated. Five series of activated carbons were obtained at different temperatures using chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. The results show that the activated carbon produced from 500-700oC exhibit Type I isotherm, characteristics of microporous structure. The activated carbon prepared from 800-900oC show a combination Type I and IV isotherm with wide hysteresis loop indicating mesoporous structures. The BET surface area and total pore volume increased almost linearly with increasing activation temperatures resulting 2301 m2g-1 and 0.55 cm3g-1, respectively. Modification of surface chemistry of the activated carbon using chemical treatment with nitrit acid have increased the number of total acid groups. Reaction between nitric acid and activated carbons sharply increased the total acid groups containing of carboxylic, lactonic and phenolic groups as oxygen-surface functional groups. Reaction urea and ammonia with activated carbon provided a numbers of the total basic groups as N-H and NH2 groups, indicating the presences of nitrogen-surface functional groups.
Key words: Activated carbon, micro- and mesoporous structures, Oxygen and nitrogen-surface functional groups

[1] Hu, Z., Srinivasan, M.P., Mesoporous high-surface-are activated carbon. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2001. 43: p. 267-275.
[2] Khalili, N.R., Campbella, M., Sandi, G., Golas, J., Production of micro- and mesoporous activated carbon from paper mill sludge I. Effect of zinc chloride activation. Carbon, 2000. 38: p. 1905-1915.
[3] Allwar, A., Ahmad, M.N., Mohd. Asri. M.N., Textural characteristics of activated carbons prepared from oil palm shells activated with ZnCl2 and pyrolysis under nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Journal of Physical Science, 2008. 19(2): p. 93-104.
[4] Biniak, S., Szymanski, G., Siedlewski, J., Swiatkowski, A., The characterization of activated carbons with oxygen and nitrogen surface groups. Carbon, 1997. 35(12): p. 1799-1810.
[5] Budinova, T., Ekinci, E., Yardim, F., Grimm, A., Björnbom, E., Minkova, V., Goranova, M., Characterization and application of activated carbon produced by H3PO4 and water vapor activation Fuel Processing Technology, 2006. 87: p. 899-905.
[6] Lastoskie, C., Gubbins, K. E., Quirke, N., Pore size distribution analysis of microporous carbons: a density Functional theory approach. J. Phys. Chem., 1993. 97: p. 4786-4796.
[7] Shen, W., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Surface Chemical Functional Groups Modification of Porous Carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2008. 1: p. 27-40.
[8] Bandosz, T.J., Ania, C. O., Surface chemistry of activated carbons and its characterization, in Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation, T.J. Bandosz, Editor. 2006, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved: New York, USA. p. 159 - 229.
[9] Puziy, A.M., Poddubnaya, O. I., Martı´nez-Alonso, A., Sua´rez-Garcı´a, F., Tasco, J. M. D., Surface chemistry of phosphorus-containing carbons of lignocellulosic origin. Carbon, 2005. 43: p. 2857-2868.
[10] Vidic, R.D., Tessner, C. H., Uranowski, L. J., Impact of surface properties of activated carbons on oxidative coupling of phenolic compounds. Carbon, 1997. 35(9): p. 1349-1359.

Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Spectroscopic Studies of Nano Size Crystalline Conducting Polyaniline
Country	:	India
Authors	:	B. Kavitha, K. Prabakar, K. Siva kumar, D. Srinivasu, Ch. Srinivas, V.K.Aswal, V. Siriguri, N.Narsimlu
	:	10.9790/5736-0211619

Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized in Emaraldine form by in situ chemical oxidation method by using Ammonium perdisulphate as oxidizing agent. The XRD pattern indicates that PANI is a semi crystalline solid with d-spacing 4.801 Ǻ and 4.358 Ǻ. The SEM results show that the particle size lies as an average of 80 nm and length 550nm. Similarly the UV-Visible spectra of this polymer indicate two absorption bands at around 320nm and 640nm. These absorption bands are attributed to the transitions of π → π* and Benzenoid to Quinoid respectively. The FT-IR spectrum of PANI shows strong bands at 3442, 2925, 1598, 1494, 1453, 1176, 1112 and 744 cm-1 respectively. 1H NMR spectrum shows 6 peaks with chemical shifts δ = 7.452, 7.468, 7.505, 7.525, 7.604, 7.638 ppm. The lower three peaks at (δ = 7.452, 7.468, 7.505 ppm) are attributed to the protons related to the 14N nucleus. These spectral lines intensity ratio lies as 1:1:1. Another three peaks at (δ = 7.525, 7.604, 7.638 ppm) are attributed to the three protons, which are present at CH Benzenoid, NH, CH at Quinoid. The intensity ratio of these spectral lines is 1:2:1. The room temperature ESR spectrum of PANI Emeraldine salt shows an unresolved peak with lande's g factor 2.010 due to polaron.
Key words: Polyaniline (PANI), XRD, FTIR, NMR, ESR.

[1] A.J. Heegar Nobel lecture December 8 (2000)
[2] Cheng-Ho Chen. Journal of Applied Polymer science.89, 2142-2148 (2003)
[3] Jianyong Ouyang, Chih- Wei Chu, Ricky J.Seng, Ankitha Prakash and yang Yang. Hand Book of conducting polymers. Proceesing and applications.8.-1Third Edition (2006)
[4] S.K.Shukla, A. Bhradvaja, A.Tiwari, Srikant pilla, G.K. Parashar and G.C.Dubey. Adnance materials letters1(2) 129-134 (2010)
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Edited by Terje A. Skotheim and John R. Reynolds Conjugated Polymers: Theory, Synthesis, Properties, and Characterization CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group. 7-16
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Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Simultaneous Second Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination Of Gallium (III) and Aluminium(III) using Diacetylmonoxime IsonicotinoylHydrazone
Country	:	India
Authors	:	P. Mallikarjuna, K. Sreenivasulu, M.V.N.V. Prasad Gupta, G. Thippanna, T. Mastanaiah, V. Suryanarayana Rao
	:	10.9790/5736-0212025

Abstract: Diacetylmonoxime Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone is new chromogenic reagent for the simultaneous determination of Gallium (III) and Aluminium(III). The reagent gives greenish yellow color in sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer medium with the metal ions. The maximum absorbance at 377 and 367 nm for Ga(III) and Al(III) respectively. The molar absorptivities of Al(III) and Ga(III) are 2.69 x 104 and 3.17 x 104 L.mol-1.cm-1, sandell's and sensitivities of Al(III) and Ga(III) are 0.00745 and 0.002002 μg.cm -2 respectively. A few methods are available for simultaneous determination of Ga(III) and Al(III) by derivative spectrophotometric technique. Trace quantities of Ga(III) and Al(III) simultaneously determined in alloys and biological samples.
Key Words:- Gallium (III), Aluminium (III), Diacetylmonoxime IsonicotinoylHydrazone, simultaneous, alloys, biological samples, computed, second order derivative spectrophotometric.

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Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Synthesis, Characterization and Microbial Activity of Chiral Mixed Ligand Transition Metal Complexes
Country	:
Authors	:	V. S. Shivankar, Y. A. Gaikwad, H. U. Mulla, R.J.Patil, L. V. Gavali
	:	10.9790/5736-0212633

Abstract: Chiral mixed ligand (CML) metal complexes are synthesized by using isonitrosopropiophenone (HINPP) as a primary ligand and saccharides such as (+)-glucose and/or (-)-fructose as a chiral secondary ligand. The metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and various physico-chemical techniques such as molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, electronic absorption, infrared spectral studies and thermal analysis. Room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements of these complexes are indicative of a tetrahedral and/or octahedral geometry. The molar conductance studies of the complexes indicate their non-electrolytic nature. Electronic absorption/reflectance spectra of the complexes show intra-ligand, charge transfer, and the d-d transitions, consistent with their proposed geometry. Thermal studies show the presence of lattice water in the complexes. The specific rotation of the complexes is due to the corresponding chiral saccharide moiety. The Paper Disc Diffusion method has been used to study the antibacterial activity of the compounds against some of the pathogenic bacteria such as C. diphtheriae, E. coli, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, S. aureus and V. cholerae. The antifungal activity of the complexes against some of the pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger has been studied by tube dilution method. The results have been compared against those of controls, which were screened simultaneously. The complexes have been screened for acute oral toxicity in albino rats.
Key words: Mixed ligand, metal complexes, isonitrosopropiophenone, (+)-glucose and (-)-fructose

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Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	A Navel approach Image compression based on Luminance and Chrominance using Binary Wavelet Transform (BWT) and Raster Line Technique
Country	:	India
Authors	:	G. Thippanna, Dr. T. Bhaskar Reddy
	:	10.9790/5736-0213438

Abstract: In rapid development multimedia the Images are awesome use full, image coding is the key and most prevalent in mass communication and storage system. This paper represents image compression based on Luminance and Chrominance using Binary Wavelet Transform1 and Raster Line technique is proposed. This method shows the results better on standard JPEG and RAW images and reconstructs the images.
Key Words: - Image compression, BWT, JPEG compression, Lossy and Lossless, Raster Line Techniques.

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Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Thermal Degradation of HDPE Short Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Country	:	India
Authors	:	T. Niranjana Prabhu, T. Demappa, V. Harish
	:	10.9790/5736-0213944

Abstract : Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to investigate the thermal degradation of High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) short fibers reinforced epoxy composites. Three composites with 5, 10 and 15 % by weight of HDPE short fiber composition were prepared using epoxy as matrix material. The HDPE short fiber used as reinforcing material into the resin helps in retarding the thermal degradation of epoxy. It has been noted that there is a composition dependence on the course of kinetic slower of epoxy with fiber loading. Of three compositions, the 10 % HDPE filled Epoxy composite shows better thermal resistance. This has been understood from the derivative peak temperatures 365°C and 391°C corresponding to 5% and 10 % levels of fiber loading respectively. Similarly the weight retention at IDT for neat epoxy, 5% and 10% fiber levels in epoxy were 83%, 84% and 87% respectively. The 15 % HDPE filled Epoxy composite shows downward trend with respect to derivative peak temperature and weight retention at IDT. The Horowitz-Metzger method was used to calculate the activation energies and results are tabulated. Morphological analysis was carried out with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the dispersion of the fibers in the epoxy matrix. UL-94 Horizontal and Vertical Burning tests conducted for the samples indicated that these materials can be used in structural, agricultural and decorative applications.
Key Words: Composites; HDPE fiber; Epoxy resin; Thermogravimetric analysis; Activation Energy

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Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Study on the inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion by Cationic Surfactant in HCl Medium
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prathibha B.S, P.Kotteeswaran, V. Bheema Raju
	:	10.9790/5736-0214553

Abstract: The inhibition effect of N,N,N-trimethyldodecylammonium bromide(TDAB) as a cationic surfactant on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl has been studied at different temperatures by weight loss, Tafel polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Morphology of the mild steel specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy and AFM in presence and absence of inhibitor. The results show that TDAB is a good inhibitor, and the inhibition efficiency (IE) increases with the inhibitor concentration as well as increasing the temperature. The adsorption of inhibitor on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. Polarization curves show that TDAB is a mixed-type inhibitor in hydrochloric acid. Activation parameters and thermodynamic parameters were also discussed. The results obtained from weight loss, polarizations and EIS are in good agreement. Keywords: AFM, Cationic surfactant, , Corrosion inhibition, mild steel, Polarization

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